build: migrate from cjs to esm

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 version: 2.1
 
 parameters:
-  check-legacy-node-version:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-  legacy-node-version:
-    type: string
-    default: '18.20'
   maintenance-node-version:
     type: string
     default: '20.18'
@@ -15,7 +9,7 @@ parameters:
     default: '22.11'
   current-node-version:
     type: string
-    default: '23.3'
+    default: '24.1'
 
 aliases:
   - &restore-cache
@@ -62,61 +56,36 @@ jobs:
     docker:
       - image: cimg/node:<< parameters.node-version >>
     steps:
+      - checkout
+      - *restore-cache
+      - *install-deps
+      - *build-packages
       - when:
           condition:
-            and:
-              - equal:
-                  [
-                    '<< parameters.node-version >>',
-                    '<< pipeline.parameters.legacy-node-version >>',
-                  ]
-              - not: << pipeline.parameters.check-legacy-node-version >>
+            equal:
+              [
+                '<< parameters.node-version >>',
+                '<< pipeline.parameters.maintenance-node-version >>',
+              ]
           steps:
             - run:
-                name: Skip
-                command: |
-                  echo Skipping
+                name: Test (coverage)
+                command: npm run test:cov
+            - run:
+                name: Collect coverage
+                command: npm run coverage
+            - store_artifacts:
+                path: coverage
       - when:
           condition:
-            or:
-              - not:
-                  equal:
-                    [
-                      '<< parameters.node-version >>',
-                      '<< pipeline.parameters.legacy-node-version >>',
-                    ]
-              - << pipeline.parameters.check-legacy-node-version >>
+            not:
+              equal:
+                [
+                  '<< parameters.node-version >>',
+                  '<< pipeline.parameters.maintenance-node-version >>',
+                ]
           steps:
-            - checkout
-            - *restore-cache
-            - *install-deps
-            - *build-packages
-            - when:
-                condition:
-                  equal:
-                    [
-                      '<< parameters.node-version >>',
-                      '<< pipeline.parameters.maintenance-node-version >>',
-                    ]
-                steps:
-                  - run:
-                      name: Test (coverage)
-                      command: npm run test:cov
-                  - run:
-                      name: Collect coverage
-                      command: npm run coverage
-                  - store_artifacts:
-                      path: coverage
-            - when:
-                condition:
-                  not:
-                    equal:
-                      [
-                        '<< parameters.node-version >>',
-                        '<< pipeline.parameters.maintenance-node-version >>',
-                      ]
-                steps:
-                  - *run-unit-tests
+            - *run-unit-tests
 
   lint:
     working_directory: ~/nest
@@ -183,7 +152,6 @@ jobs:
           name: Build all samples
           command: npm run build:samples
 
-
 workflows:
   build-and-test:
     jobs:
@@ -195,7 +163,6 @@ workflows:
             parameters:
               node-version:
                 [
-                  '<< pipeline.parameters.legacy-node-version >>',
                   '<< pipeline.parameters.maintenance-node-version >>',
                   '<< pipeline.parameters.active-node-version >>',
                   '<< pipeline.parameters.current-node-version >>',
@@ -209,4 +176,3 @@ workflows:
       - samples:
           requires:
             - build
-

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@ We cannot accept code without this.
 1. In GitHub, send a pull request to `nestjs:master`.
 
 - If we suggest changes then:
-
   - Make the required updates.
   - Re-run the Nest test suites to ensure tests are still passing.
   - Rebase your branch and force push to your GitHub repository (this will update your Pull Request):
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ from the main (upstream) repository:
 
 ## <a name="development"></a> Development Setup
 
-You will need [Node.js](https://nodejs.org) version >= 10.13.0 (except for v13).
+You will need [Node.js](https://nodejs.org) version >= 20.
 
 1. After cloning the repo, run:
 
@@ -322,8 +321,10 @@ changes to be accepted, the CLA must be signed. It's a quick process, we promise
 <!-- [coc]: https://github.com/angular/code-of-conduct/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md -->
 
 [commit-message-format]: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QrDFcIiPjSLDn3EL15IJygNPiHORgU1_OOAqWjiDU5Y/edit#
+
 <!-- [individual-cla]: http://code.google.com/legal/individual-cla-v1.0.html -->
 <!-- [corporate-cla]: http://code.google.com/legal/corporate-cla-v1.0.html -->
+
 [dev-doc]: https://github.com/nestjs/nest/blob/master/docs/DEVELOPER.md
 [github]: https://github.com/nestjs/nest
 [stackoverflow]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/nestjs

gulpfile.js

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-/**
- * Load the TypeScript compiler, then load the TypeScript gulpfile which simply loads all
- * the tasks. The tasks are really inside tools/gulp/tasks.
- */
-
-const path = require('path');
-
-const projectDir = __dirname;
-const tsconfigPath = path.join(projectDir, 'tools/gulp/tsconfig.json');
-
-require('ts-node').register({
-  project: tsconfigPath
-});
-
-require('./tools/gulp/gulpfile');

gulpfile.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Load the TypeScript compiler, then load the TypeScript gulpfile which simply loads all
+ * the tasks. The tasks are really inside tools/gulp/tasks.
+ */
+
+import { register } from 'node:module';
+import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
+
+register('ts-node/esm', pathToFileURL('./'), {
+  data: { project: './tools/gulp/tsconfig.json' },
+});
+
+await import('./tools/gulp/gulpfile.ts');

hooks/ts-node-register.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/**
+ * Registers ts-node's ESM loader hooks via the modern node:module register() API.
+ * Used with --import flag (e.g., node --import ./hooks/ts-node-register.mjs)
+ * to replace the deprecated --loader flag.
+ */
+import { register } from 'node:module';
+import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
+
+register('ts-node/esm', pathToFileURL('./'));
+
+// Load reflect-metadata before any test files so decorators work correctly
+import 'reflect-metadata';

integration/auto-mock/src/bar.service.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { FooService } from './foo.service';
+import { FooService } from './foo.service.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class BarService {

integration/auto-mock/test/bar.service.spec.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as chai from 'chai';
-import * as chaiAsPromised from 'chai-as-promised';
+import chai from 'chai';
+import chaiAsPromised from 'chai-as-promised';
 import * as sinon from 'sinon';
-import { BarService } from '../src/bar.service';
-import { FooService } from '../src/foo.service';
+import { BarService } from '../src/bar.service.js';
+import { FooService } from '../src/foo.service.js';
 
 chai.use(chaiAsPromised);
 const { expect } = chai;

integration/auto-mock/tsconfig.json

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
     "noImplicitAny": false,
     "removeComments": true,
     "noLib": false,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
     "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
     "experimentalDecorators": true,
-    "target": "ES2021",
+    "target": "ES2023",
     "sourceMap": true,
     "allowJs": true,
     "strictNullChecks": true,

integration/cors/e2e/express.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { NestExpressApplication } from '@nestjs/platform-express';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('Express Cors', () => {
   let app: NestExpressApplication;

integration/cors/e2e/fastify.spec.ts

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import {
   NestFastifyApplication,
 } from '@nestjs/platform-fastify';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe.skip('Fastify Cors', () => {
   let app: NestFastifyApplication;

integration/cors/src/app.module.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { AppController } from './app.controller';
+import { AppController } from './app.controller.js';
 
 @Module({
   controllers: [AppController],

integration/cors/tsconfig.json

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
     "noImplicitAny": false,
     "removeComments": true,
     "noLib": false,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
     "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
     "experimentalDecorators": true,
-    "target": "ES2021",
+    "target": "ES2023",
     "sourceMap": true,
     "allowJs": true,
     "strictNullChecks": true,

integration/discovery/e2e/discover-by-meta.spec.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { DiscoveryService } from '@nestjs/core';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
-import { WebhooksExplorer } from '../src/webhooks.explorer';
-import { NonAppliedDecorator } from '../src/decorators/non-applied.decorator';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
+import { WebhooksExplorer } from '../src/webhooks.explorer.js';
+import { NonAppliedDecorator } from '../src/decorators/non-applied.decorator.js';
 
 describe('DiscoveryModule', () => {
   let moduleRef: TestingModule;

integration/discovery/src/app.module.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { DiscoveryModule } from '@nestjs/core';
-import { MyWebhookModule } from './my-webhook/my-webhook.module';
-import { WebhooksExplorer } from './webhooks.explorer';
+import { MyWebhookModule } from './my-webhook/my-webhook.module.js';
+import { WebhooksExplorer } from './webhooks.explorer.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [MyWebhookModule, DiscoveryModule],

integration/discovery/src/my-webhook/cleanup.webhook.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Webhook, WebhookHandler } from '../decorators/webhook.decorators';
+import { Webhook, WebhookHandler } from '../decorators/webhook.decorators.js';
 
 @Webhook({ name: 'cleanup' })
 export class CleanupWebhook {

integration/discovery/src/my-webhook/flush.webhook.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Webhook, WebhookHandler } from '../decorators/webhook.decorators';
+import { Webhook, WebhookHandler } from '../decorators/webhook.decorators.js';
 
 @Webhook({ name: 'flush' })
 export class FlushWebhook {

integration/discovery/src/my-webhook/my-webhook.module.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { CleanupWebhook } from './cleanup.webhook';
-import { FlushWebhook } from './flush.webhook';
+import { CleanupWebhook } from './cleanup.webhook.js';
+import { FlushWebhook } from './flush.webhook.js';
 
 @Module({ providers: [CleanupWebhook, FlushWebhook] })
 export class MyWebhookModule {}

integration/discovery/src/webhooks.explorer.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { DiscoveryService, MetadataScanner } from '@nestjs/core';
-import { Webhook, WebhookHandler } from './decorators/webhook.decorators';
+import { Webhook, WebhookHandler } from './decorators/webhook.decorators.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class WebhooksExplorer {

integration/discovery/tsconfig.json

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
     "noImplicitAny": false,
     "removeComments": true,
     "noLib": false,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
     "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
     "experimentalDecorators": true,
-    "target": "ES2021",
+    "target": "ES2023",
     "sourceMap": true,
     "allowJs": true,
     "strictNullChecks": true,

integration/graphql-code-first/e2e/code-first.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('GraphQL - Code-first', () => {
   let app: INestApplication;

integration/graphql-code-first/e2e/guards-filters.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('GraphQL - Guards', () => {
   let app: INestApplication;

integration/graphql-code-first/e2e/pipes.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('GraphQL Pipes', () => {
   let app: INestApplication;

integration/graphql-code-first/src/app.module.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { ApolloDriver, ApolloDriverConfig } from '@nestjs/apollo';
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { GraphQLModule } from '@nestjs/graphql';
 import { join } from 'path';
-import { RecipesModule } from './recipes/recipes.module';
+import { RecipesModule } from './recipes/recipes.module.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [

integration/graphql-code-first/src/main.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
-import { AppModule } from './app.module';
+import { AppModule } from './app.module.js';
 
 async function bootstrap() {
   const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule);

integration/graphql-code-first/src/recipes/recipes.module.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { APP_FILTER } from '@nestjs/core';
-import { UnauthorizedFilter } from '../common/filters/unauthorized.filter';
-import { DateScalar } from '../common/scalars/date.scalar';
-import { RecipesResolver } from './recipes.resolver';
-import { RecipesService } from './recipes.service';
+import { UnauthorizedFilter } from '../common/filters/unauthorized.filter.js';
+import { DateScalar } from '../common/scalars/date.scalar.js';
+import { RecipesResolver } from './recipes.resolver.js';
+import { RecipesService } from './recipes.service.js';
 
 @Module({
   providers: [

integration/graphql-code-first/src/recipes/recipes.resolver.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import { NotFoundException, UseGuards, UseInterceptors } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Args, Mutation, Query, Resolver, Subscription } from '@nestjs/graphql';
 import { PubSub } from 'graphql-subscriptions';
-import { AuthGuard } from '../common/guards/auth.guard';
-import { DataInterceptor } from '../common/interceptors/data.interceptor';
-import { NewRecipeInput } from './dto/new-recipe.input';
-import { RecipesArgs } from './dto/recipes.args';
-import { Recipe } from './models/recipe';
-import { RecipesService } from './recipes.service';
+import { AuthGuard } from '../common/guards/auth.guard.js';
+import { DataInterceptor } from '../common/interceptors/data.interceptor.js';
+import { NewRecipeInput } from './dto/new-recipe.input.js';
+import { RecipesArgs } from './dto/recipes.args.js';
+import { Recipe } from './models/recipe.js';
+import { RecipesService } from './recipes.service.js';
 
 const pubSub = new PubSub();
 

integration/graphql-code-first/src/recipes/recipes.service.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { NewRecipeInput } from './dto/new-recipe.input';
-import { RecipesArgs } from './dto/recipes.args';
-import { Recipe } from './models/recipe';
+import { NewRecipeInput } from './dto/new-recipe.input.js';
+import { RecipesArgs } from './dto/recipes.args.js';
+import { Recipe } from './models/recipe.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class RecipesService {

integration/graphql-code-first/tsconfig.json

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
     "noImplicitAny": false,
     "removeComments": true,
     "noLib": false,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
     "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
     "experimentalDecorators": true,
-    "target": "ES2021",
+    "target": "ES2023",
     "sourceMap": true,
     "allowJs": true,
     "strictNullChecks": true,

integration/graphql-schema-first/e2e/graphql-async-class.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AsyncClassApplicationModule } from '../src/async-options-class.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AsyncClassApplicationModule } from '../src/async-options-class.module.js';
 
 describe('GraphQL (async class)', () => {
   let app: INestApplication;

integration/graphql-schema-first/e2e/graphql-async-existing.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AsyncExistingApplicationModule } from '../src/async-options-existing.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AsyncExistingApplicationModule } from '../src/async-options-existing.module.js';
 
 describe('GraphQL (async existing)', () => {
   let app: INestApplication;

integration/graphql-schema-first/e2e/graphql-async.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AsyncApplicationModule } from '../src/async-options.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AsyncApplicationModule } from '../src/async-options.module.js';
 
 describe('GraphQL (async configuration)', () => {
   let app: INestApplication;

integration/graphql-schema-first/e2e/graphql-request-scoped.spec.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import { GraphQLModule } from '@nestjs/graphql';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 import { join } from 'path';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { CatsRequestScopedService } from '../src/cats/cats-request-scoped.service';
-import { CatsModule } from '../src/cats/cats.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { CatsRequestScopedService } from '../src/cats/cats-request-scoped.service.js';
+import { CatsModule } from '../src/cats/cats.module.js';
 
 describe('GraphQL request scoped', () => {
   let app: INestApplication;
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ describe('GraphQL request scoped', () => {
         CatsModule.enableRequestScope(),
         GraphQLModule.forRoot({
           driver: ApolloDriver,
-          typePaths: [join(__dirname, '..', 'src', '**', '*.graphql')],
+          typePaths: [
+            join(import.meta.dirname, '..', 'src', '**', '*.graphql'),
+          ],
         }),
       ],
     }).compile();

integration/graphql-schema-first/e2e/graphql.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('GraphQL', () => {
   let app: INestApplication;

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/app.module.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { ApolloDriver, ApolloDriverConfig } from '@nestjs/apollo';
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { GraphQLModule } from '@nestjs/graphql';
 import { join } from 'path';
-import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module';
+import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module';
     GraphQLModule.forRoot<ApolloDriverConfig>({
       driver: ApolloDriver,
       includeStacktraceInErrorResponses: true,
-      typePaths: [join(__dirname, '**', '*.graphql')],
+      typePaths: [join(import.meta.dirname, '**', '*.graphql')],
     }),
   ],
 })

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/async-options-class.module.ts

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ import { ApolloDriver, ApolloDriverConfig } from '@nestjs/apollo';
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { GqlOptionsFactory, GraphQLModule } from '@nestjs/graphql';
 import { join } from 'path';
-import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module';
+import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js';
 
 class ConfigService implements GqlOptionsFactory {
   createGqlOptions(): ApolloDriverConfig {
     return {
-      typePaths: [join(__dirname, '**', '*.graphql')],
+      typePaths: [join(import.meta.dirname, '**', '*.graphql')],
     };
   }
 }

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/async-options-existing.module.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { ApolloDriver, ApolloDriverConfig } from '@nestjs/apollo';
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { GraphQLModule } from '@nestjs/graphql';
-import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module';
-import { ConfigModule } from './config.module';
-import { ConfigService } from './config.service';
+import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js';
+import { ConfigModule } from './config.module.js';
+import { ConfigService } from './config.service.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/async-options.module.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { ApolloDriver, ApolloDriverConfig } from '@nestjs/apollo';
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { GraphQLModule } from '@nestjs/graphql';
 import { join } from 'path';
-import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module';
+import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module';
     GraphQLModule.forRootAsync<ApolloDriverConfig>({
       driver: ApolloDriver,
       useFactory: async () => ({
-        typePaths: [join(__dirname, '**', '*.graphql')],
+        typePaths: [join(import.meta.dirname, '**', '*.graphql')],
       }),
     }),
   ],

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/cats/cats-request-scoped.service.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Injectable, Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Cat } from './interfaces/cat.interface';
+import { Cat } from './interfaces/cat.interface.js';
 
 @Injectable({ scope: Scope.REQUEST })
 export class CatsRequestScopedService {

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/cats/cats.module.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { DynamicModule, Module, Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { CatsRequestScopedService } from './cats-request-scoped.service';
-import { CatsResolvers } from './cats.resolvers';
-import { CatsService } from './cats.service';
+import { CatsRequestScopedService } from './cats-request-scoped.service.js';
+import { CatsResolvers } from './cats.resolvers.js';
+import { CatsService } from './cats.service.js';
 
 @Module({
   providers: [CatsService, CatsResolvers],

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/cats/cats.resolvers.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { ParseIntPipe, UseGuards } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Args, Mutation, Query, Resolver, Subscription } from '@nestjs/graphql';
 import { PubSub } from 'graphql-subscriptions';
-import { CatsGuard } from './cats.guard';
-import { CatsService } from './cats.service';
-import { Cat } from './interfaces/cat.interface';
+import { CatsGuard } from './cats.guard.js';
+import { CatsService } from './cats.service.js';
+import { Cat } from './interfaces/cat.interface.js';
 
 const pubSub = new PubSub();
 

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/cats/cats.service.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Cat } from './interfaces/cat.interface';
+import { Cat } from './interfaces/cat.interface.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class CatsService {

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/config.module.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { ConfigService } from './config.service';
+import { ConfigService } from './config.service.js';
 
 @Module({
   providers: [ConfigService],

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/config.service.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { join } from 'path';
 export class ConfigService implements GqlOptionsFactory {
   createGqlOptions(): GqlModuleOptions {
     return {
-      typePaths: [join(__dirname, '**', '*.graphql')],
+      typePaths: [join(import.meta.dirname, '**', '*.graphql')],
     };
   }
 }

integration/graphql-schema-first/src/main.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
-import { AppModule } from './app.module';
+import { AppModule } from './app.module.js';
 
 async function bootstrap() {
   const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule);

integration/graphql-schema-first/tsconfig.json

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
     "noImplicitAny": false,
     "removeComments": true,
     "noLib": false,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
     "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
     "experimentalDecorators": true,
-    "target": "ES2021",
+    "target": "ES2023",
     "sourceMap": true,
     "allowJs": true,
     "strictNullChecks": true,

integration/hello-world/e2e/exceptions.spec.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import {
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 import { RawServerDefault } from 'fastify';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { ErrorsController } from '../src/errors/errors.controller';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { ErrorsController } from '../src/errors/errors.controller.js';
 
 describe('Error messages', () => {
   let server: RawServerDefault;

integration/hello-world/e2e/exclude-middleware-fastify.spec.ts

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ import {
   NestFastifyApplication,
 } from '@nestjs/platform-fastify';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 const RETURN_VALUE = 'test';
 const MIDDLEWARE_VALUE = 'middleware';

integration/hello-world/e2e/exclude-middleware.spec.ts

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import {
   RequestMethod,
 } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 const RETURN_VALUE = 'test';
 const MIDDLEWARE_VALUE = 'middleware';

integration/hello-world/e2e/express-instance.spec.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ExpressAdapter } from '@nestjs/platform-express';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as express from 'express';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
+import express from 'express';
+import request from 'supertest';
 import { App } from 'supertest/types';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('Hello world (express instance)', () => {
   let server: App;

integration/hello-world/e2e/express-multiple.spec.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ExpressAdapter } from '@nestjs/platform-express';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as express from 'express';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import express from 'express';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('Hello world (express instance with multiple applications)', () => {
   let server;

integration/hello-world/e2e/fastify-adapter.spec.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
 } from '@nestjs/platform-fastify';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('Hello world (fastify adapter)', () => {
   let app: NestFastifyApplication;

integration/hello-world/e2e/fastify-multiple.spec.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import { FastifyAdapter, NestFastifyApplication } from '@nestjs/platform-fastify';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { ApplicationModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import { ApplicationModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('Hello world (fastify adapter with multiple applications)', () => {
   let adapter: FastifyAdapter;

integration/hello-world/e2e/force-console.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { ConsoleLogger, INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 import * as sinon from 'sinon';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 

integration/hello-world/e2e/guards.spec.ts

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import {
 } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { APP_GUARD } from '@nestjs/core';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class AuthGuard {

integration/hello-world/e2e/hello-world.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import * as request from 'supertest';
+import request from 'supertest';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('Hello world (default adapter)', () => {
   let server;

integration/hello-world/e2e/interceptors.spec.ts

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import { APP_INTERCEPTOR } from '@nestjs/core';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { of } from 'rxjs';
 import { map } from 'rxjs/operators';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 const RETURN_VALUE = 'test';
 

integration/hello-world/e2e/local-pipes.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('Hello world (default adapter)', () => {
   let server;

integration/hello-world/e2e/middleware-class.spec.ts

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import {
 } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { Response } from 'express';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 const INCLUDED_VALUE = 'test_included';
 const RETURN_VALUE = 'test';

integration/hello-world/e2e/middleware-execute-order.spec.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
   Module,
 } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
+import request from 'supertest';
 
 const RETURN_VALUE_A = 'test_A';
 const RETURN_VALUE_B = 'test_B';

integration/hello-world/e2e/middleware-fastify.spec.ts

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ import {
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 import { FastifyRequest } from 'fastify';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 describe('Middleware (FastifyAdapter)', () => {
   let app: NestFastifyApplication;

integration/hello-world/e2e/middleware-run-match-route.ts

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import {
   NestMiddleware,
   Module,
 } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Test } from '../../../packages/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
+import { Test } from '../../../packages/testing.js';
+import request from 'supertest';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 
 /**

integration/hello-world/e2e/middleware-with-versioning.spec.ts

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ import {
   Module,
   RequestMethod,
   Version,
+  VERSION_NEUTRAL,
   VersioningOptions,
   VersioningType,
-  VERSION_NEUTRAL,
 } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { CustomVersioningOptions } from '@nestjs/common/interfaces';
+import { CustomVersioningOptions } from '@nestjs/common/interfaces/index.js';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 const RETURN_VALUE = 'test';
 const VERSIONED_VALUE = 'test_versioned';

integration/hello-world/e2e/middleware.spec.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import {
   Module,
 } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 const RETURN_VALUE = 'test';
 const SCOPED_VALUE = 'test_scoped';

integration/hello-world/e2e/router-module-middleware.spec.ts

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import {
 } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { RouterModule } from '@nestjs/core';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module.js';
 
 const RETURN_VALUE = 'test';
 const SCOPED_VALUE = 'test_scoped';

integration/hello-world/e2e/router-module.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, INestApplication, Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { RouterModule, Routes } from '@nestjs/core';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import * as request from 'supertest';
+import request from 'supertest';
 
 describe('RouterModule', () => {
   let app: INestApplication;

integration/hello-world/src/app.module.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { HelloModule } from './hello/hello.module';
-import { HostArrayModule } from './host-array/host-array.module';
-import { HostModule } from './host/host.module';
+import { HelloModule } from './hello/hello.module.js';
+import { HostArrayModule } from './host-array/host-array.module.js';
+import { HostModule } from './host/host.module.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [HelloModule, HostModule, HostArrayModule],

integration/hello-world/src/hello/hello.controller.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Header, Param } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Observable, of } from 'rxjs';
-import { HelloService } from './hello.service';
-import { UserByIdPipe } from './users/user-by-id.pipe';
+import { HelloService } from './hello.service.js';
+import { UserByIdPipe } from './users/user-by-id.pipe.js';
 
 @Controller('hello')
 export class HelloController {

integration/hello-world/src/hello/hello.module.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { HelloController } from './hello.controller';
-import { HelloService } from './hello.service';
-import { UsersService } from './users/users.service';
+import { HelloController } from './hello.controller.js';
+import { HelloService } from './hello.service.js';
+import { UsersService } from './users/users.service.js';
 
 @Module({
   controllers: [HelloController],

integration/hello-world/src/hello/users/user-by-id.pipe.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { PipeTransform, Injectable, ArgumentMetadata } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { UsersService } from './users.service';
+import { UsersService } from './users.service.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class UserByIdPipe implements PipeTransform<string> {

integration/hello-world/src/host-array/host-array.controller.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Header, HostParam, Param } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Observable, of } from 'rxjs';
-import { HostArrayService } from './host-array.service';
-import { UserByIdPipe } from './users/user-by-id.pipe';
+import { HostArrayService } from './host-array.service.js';
+import { UserByIdPipe } from './users/user-by-id.pipe.js';
 
 @Controller({
   path: 'host-array',

integration/hello-world/src/host-array/host-array.module.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { HostArrayController } from './host-array.controller';
-import { HostArrayService } from './host-array.service';
-import { UsersService } from './users/users.service';
+import { HostArrayController } from './host-array.controller.js';
+import { HostArrayService } from './host-array.service.js';
+import { UsersService } from './users/users.service.js';
 
 @Module({
   controllers: [HostArrayController],

integration/hello-world/src/host-array/users/user-by-id.pipe.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { PipeTransform, Injectable, ArgumentMetadata } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { UsersService } from './users.service';
+import { UsersService } from './users.service.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class UserByIdPipe implements PipeTransform<string> {

integration/hello-world/src/host/host.controller.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Header, HostParam, Param } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Observable, of } from 'rxjs';
-import { HostService } from './host.service';
-import { UserByIdPipe } from './users/user-by-id.pipe';
+import { HostService } from './host.service.js';
+import { UserByIdPipe } from './users/user-by-id.pipe.js';
 
 @Controller({
   path: 'host',

integration/hello-world/src/host/host.module.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { HostController } from './host.controller';
-import { HostService } from './host.service';
-import { UsersService } from './users/users.service';
+import { HostController } from './host.controller.js';
+import { HostService } from './host.service.js';
+import { UsersService } from './users/users.service.js';
 
 @Module({
   controllers: [HostController],

integration/hello-world/src/host/users/user-by-id.pipe.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { PipeTransform, Injectable, ArgumentMetadata } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { UsersService } from './users.service';
+import { UsersService } from './users.service.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class UserByIdPipe implements PipeTransform<string> {

integration/hello-world/tsconfig.json

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
     "noImplicitAny": false,
     "removeComments": true,
     "noLib": false,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
     "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
     "experimentalDecorators": true,
-    "target": "ES2021",
+    "target": "ES2023",
     "sourceMap": true,
     "allowJs": true,
     "strictNullChecks": true,

integration/hooks/e2e/enable-shutdown-hook.spec.ts

@@ -2,12 +2,23 @@ import { expect } from 'chai';
 import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
 import { join } from 'path';
 
+// Use node with the ts-node ESM loader (same as mocha's --import)
+const nodeCmd = process.execPath;
+const loaderArgs = [
+  '--import',
+  join(import.meta.dirname, '../../../hooks/ts-node-register.mjs'),
+];
+
+function spawnTsNode(...args: string[]) {
+  return spawnSync(nodeCmd, [...loaderArgs, ...args]);
+}
+
 describe('enableShutdownHooks', () => {
   it('should call the correct hooks if any shutdown signal gets invoked', done => {
-    const result = spawnSync('ts-node', [
-      join(__dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
+    const result = spawnTsNode(
+      join(import.meta.dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
       'SIGHUP',
-    ]);
+    );
     const calls = result.stdout
       .toString()
       .split('\n')
@@ -18,11 +29,11 @@ describe('enableShutdownHooks', () => {
   }).timeout(10000);
 
   it('should call the correct hooks if a specific shutdown signal gets invoked', done => {
-    const result = spawnSync('ts-node', [
-      join(__dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
+    const result = spawnTsNode(
+      join(import.meta.dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
       'SIGINT',
       'SIGINT',
-    ]);
+    );
     const calls = result.stdout
       .toString()
       .split('\n')
@@ -33,32 +44,32 @@ describe('enableShutdownHooks', () => {
   }).timeout(10000);
 
   it('should ignore system signals which are not specified', done => {
-    const result = spawnSync('ts-node', [
-      join(__dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
+    const result = spawnTsNode(
+      join(import.meta.dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
       'SIGINT',
       'SIGHUP',
-    ]);
+    );
     expect(result.stdout.toString().trim()).to.be.eq('');
     done();
   }).timeout(10000);
 
   it('should ignore system signals if "enableShutdownHooks" was not called', done => {
-    const result = spawnSync('ts-node', [
-      join(__dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
+    const result = spawnTsNode(
+      join(import.meta.dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
       'SIGINT',
       'NONE',
-    ]);
+    );
     expect(result.stdout.toString().trim()).to.be.eq('');
     done();
   }).timeout(10000);
 
   it('should call the correct hooks with useProcessExit option', done => {
-    const result = spawnSync('ts-node', [
-      join(__dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
+    const result = spawnTsNode(
+      join(import.meta.dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
       'SIGHUP',
       'SIGHUP',
       'graceful',
-    ]);
+    );
     const calls = result.stdout
       .toString()
       .split('\n')

integration/hooks/tsconfig.json

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
     "noImplicitAny": false,
     "removeComments": true,
     "noLib": false,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
     "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
     "experimentalDecorators": true,
-    "target": "ES2021",
+    "target": "ES2023",
     "sourceMap": true,
     "allowJs": true,
     "strictNullChecks": true,

integration/injector/e2e/circular-modules.spec.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { CircularModule } from '../src/circular-modules/circular.module';
-import { CircularService } from '../src/circular-modules/circular.service';
-import { InputModule } from '../src/circular-modules/input.module';
-import { InputService } from '../src/circular-modules/input.service';
+import { CircularModule } from '../src/circular-modules/circular.module.js';
+import { CircularService } from '../src/circular-modules/circular.service.js';
+import { InputModule } from '../src/circular-modules/input.module.js';
+import { InputService } from '../src/circular-modules/input.service.js';
 
 describe('Circular dependency (modules)', () => {
   it('should resolve circular dependency between providers', async () => {

integration/injector/e2e/circular-property-injection.spec.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { CircularPropertiesModule } from '../src/circular-properties/circular-properties.module';
-import { CircularService } from '../src/circular-properties/circular.service';
-import { InputPropertiesModule } from '../src/circular-properties/input-properties.module';
-import { InputService } from '../src/circular-properties/input.service';
+import { CircularPropertiesModule } from '../src/circular-properties/circular-properties.module.js';
+import { CircularService } from '../src/circular-properties/circular.service.js';
+import { InputPropertiesModule } from '../src/circular-properties/input-properties.module.js';
+import { InputService } from '../src/circular-properties/input.service.js';
 
 describe('Circular properties dependency (modules)', () => {
   it('should resolve circular dependency between providers', async () => {

integration/injector/e2e/circular-structure-dynamic-modules.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import { CircularModule } from '../src/circular-structure-dynamic-module/circular.module';
-import { InputService } from '../src/circular-structure-dynamic-module/input.service';
+import { CircularModule } from '../src/circular-structure-dynamic-module/circular.module.js';
+import { InputService } from '../src/circular-structure-dynamic-module/input.service.js';
 
 describe('Circular structure for dynamic modules', () => {
   it('should resolve circular structure with dynamic modules', async () => {

integration/injector/e2e/circular.spec.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { CircularModule } from '../src/circular/circular.module';
-import { CircularService } from '../src/circular/circular.service';
-import { InputService } from '../src/circular/input.service';
+import { CircularModule } from '../src/circular/circular.module.js';
+import { CircularService } from '../src/circular/circular.service.js';
+import { InputService } from '../src/circular/input.service.js';
 
 describe('Circular dependency', () => {
   it('should resolve circular dependency between providers', async () => {

integration/injector/e2e/core-injectables.spec.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { CoreInjectablesModule } from '../src/core-injectables/core-injectables.module';
+import { CoreInjectablesModule } from '../src/core-injectables/core-injectables.module.js';
 import { ApplicationConfig, ModuleRef } from '@nestjs/core';
 
 describe('Core Injectables', () => {

integration/injector/e2e/default-values.spec.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { DefaultsModule } from '../src/defaults/defaults.module';
-import { DefaultsService } from '../src/defaults/defaults.service';
+import { DefaultsModule } from '../src/defaults/defaults.module.js';
+import { DefaultsService } from '../src/defaults/defaults.service.js';
 
 describe('Injector', () => {
   describe('when optional', () => {

integration/injector/e2e/injector.spec.ts

@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
-import { RuntimeException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/runtime.exception';
-import { UnknownDependenciesException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/unknown-dependencies.exception';
-import { UnknownExportException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/unknown-export.exception';
+import { RuntimeException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/runtime.exception.js';
+import { UnknownDependenciesException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/unknown-dependencies.exception.js';
+import { UnknownExportException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/unknown-export.exception.js';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import { expect } from 'chai';
-import * as chai from 'chai';
-import * as chaiAsPromised from 'chai-as-promised';
+import chai, { expect } from 'chai';
+import chaiAsPromised from 'chai-as-promised';
 import {
   DYNAMIC_TOKEN,
   DYNAMIC_VALUE,
   NestDynamicModule,
-} from '../src/dynamic/dynamic.module';
-import { ExportsModule } from '../src/exports/exports.module';
-import { InjectModule } from '../src/inject/inject.module';
-import { InjectSameNameModule } from '../src/inject/inject-same-name.module';
+} from '../src/dynamic/dynamic.module.js';
+import { ExportsModule } from '../src/exports/exports.module.js';
+import { InjectSameNameModule } from '../src/inject/inject-same-name.module.js';
+import { InjectModule } from '../src/inject/inject.module.js';
 import {
-  SelfInjectionProviderModule,
-  SelfInjectionProviderCustomTokenModule,
   SelfInjectionForwardProviderModule,
-} from '../src/self-injection/self-injection-provider.module';
+  SelfInjectionProviderCustomTokenModule,
+  SelfInjectionProviderModule,
+} from '../src/self-injection/self-injection-provider.module.js';
 chai.use(chaiAsPromised);
 
 describe('Injector', () => {

integration/injector/e2e/introspection.spec.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ import { Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ModuleRef } from '@nestjs/core';
 import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { ScopedModule, STATIC_FACTORY } from '../src/scoped/scoped.module';
-import { ScopedService } from '../src/scoped/scoped.service';
-import { TransientService } from '../src/scoped/transient.service';
+import { ScopedModule, STATIC_FACTORY } from '../src/scoped/scoped.module.js';
+import { ScopedService } from '../src/scoped/scoped.service.js';
+import { TransientService } from '../src/scoped/transient.service.js';
 
 describe('Providers introspection', () => {
   let testingModule: TestingModule;

integration/injector/e2e/multiple-providers.spec.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { MultipleProvidersModule } from '../src/multiple-providers/multiple-providers.module';
+import { MultipleProvidersModule } from '../src/multiple-providers/multiple-providers.module.js';
 
 describe('Multiple providers under the same token ("each" feature)', () => {
   describe('get()', () => {

integration/injector/e2e/optional-factory-provider-dep.spec.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { UnknownDependenciesException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/unknown-dependencies.exception';
+import { UnknownDependenciesException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/unknown-dependencies.exception.js';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 

integration/injector/e2e/property-injection.spec.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+import { UnknownDependenciesException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/unknown-dependencies.exception.js';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { DependencyService } from '../src/properties/dependency.service';
-import { PropertiesModule } from '../src/properties/properties.module';
-import { PropertiesService } from '../src/properties/properties.service';
-import { UnknownDependenciesException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/unknown-dependencies.exception';
+import { DependencyService } from '../src/properties/dependency.service.js';
+import { PropertiesModule } from '../src/properties/properties.module.js';
+import { PropertiesService } from '../src/properties/properties.service.js';
 
 describe('Injector', () => {
   it('should resolve property-based dependencies', async () => {

integration/injector/e2e/scoped-instances.spec.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 import { createContextId } from '@nestjs/core';
-import { InvalidClassScopeException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/invalid-class-scope.exception';
+import { InvalidClassScopeException } from '@nestjs/core/errors/exceptions/invalid-class-scope.exception.js';
 import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
-import { ScopedController } from '../src/scoped/scoped.controller';
+import { ScopedController } from '../src/scoped/scoped.controller.js';
 import {
   REQUEST_SCOPED_FACTORY,
   ScopedModule,
   STATIC_FACTORY,
   TRANSIENT_SCOPED_FACTORY,
-} from '../src/scoped/scoped.module';
-import { ScopedService } from '../src/scoped/scoped.service';
-import { TransientService } from '../src/scoped/transient.service';
-import { Transient3Service } from '../src/scoped/transient3.service';
+} from '../src/scoped/scoped.module.js';
+import { ScopedService } from '../src/scoped/scoped.service.js';
+import { TransientService } from '../src/scoped/transient.service.js';
+import { Transient3Service } from '../src/scoped/transient3.service.js';
 
 describe('Scoped Instances', () => {
   let testingModule: TestingModule;

integration/injector/src/app.module.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { ExportsModule } from './exports/exports.module';
+import { ExportsModule } from './exports/exports.module.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [ExportsModule],

integration/injector/src/circular-modules/circular.module.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Module, forwardRef } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { CircularService } from './circular.service';
-import { InputModule } from './input.module';
+import { CircularService } from './circular.service.js';
+import { InputModule } from './input.module.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [forwardRef(() => InputModule)],

integration/injector/src/circular-modules/circular.service.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
-import { Injectable, forwardRef, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { InputService } from './input.service';
+import { forwardRef, Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+// Use a lazy reference to avoid ESM circular-import TDZ issues
+// with emitDecoratorMetadata.
+let InputServiceRef: any;
+import('./input.service.js').then(m => (InputServiceRef = m.InputService));
 
 @Injectable()
 export class CircularService {
   constructor(
-    @Inject(forwardRef(() => InputService))
-    public readonly service: InputService,
+    @Inject(forwardRef(() => InputServiceRef))
+    public readonly service: any,
   ) {}
 }

integration/injector/src/circular-modules/input.module.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Module, forwardRef } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { CircularModule } from './circular.module';
-import { InputService } from './input.service';
+import { CircularModule } from './circular.module.js';
+import { InputService } from './input.service.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [forwardRef(() => CircularModule)],

integration/injector/src/circular-modules/input.service.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
-import { Injectable, Inject, forwardRef } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { CircularService } from './circular.service';
+import { Inject, Injectable, forwardRef } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+// Use a lazy reference to avoid ESM circular-import TDZ issues
+// with emitDecoratorMetadata. The class is imported asynchronously
+// and cached for forwardRef resolution.
+let CircularServiceRef: any;
+import('./circular.service.js').then(
+  m => (CircularServiceRef = m.CircularService),
+);
 
 @Injectable()
 export class InputService {
   constructor(
-    @Inject(forwardRef(() => CircularService))
-    public readonly service: CircularService,
+    @Inject(forwardRef(() => CircularServiceRef))
+    public readonly service: any,
   ) {}
 }

integration/injector/src/circular-properties/circular-properties.module.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { forwardRef, Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { CircularService } from './circular.service';
-import { InputPropertiesModule } from './input-properties.module';
+import { CircularService } from './circular.service.js';
+import { InputPropertiesModule } from './input-properties.module.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [forwardRef(() => InputPropertiesModule)],

integration/injector/src/circular-properties/circular.service.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 import { forwardRef, Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { InputService } from './input.service';
+
+// Lazy reference to avoid ESM circular-import TDZ issues
+// with emitDecoratorMetadata.
+let InputServiceRef: any;
+import('./input.service.js').then(m => (InputServiceRef = m.InputService));
 
 @Injectable()
 export class CircularService {
-  @Inject(forwardRef(() => InputService))
-  public readonly service: InputService;
+  @Inject(forwardRef(() => InputServiceRef))
+  public readonly service: any;
 }

integration/injector/src/circular-properties/input-properties.module.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { forwardRef, Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { CircularPropertiesModule } from './circular-properties.module';
-import { InputService } from './input.service';
+import { CircularPropertiesModule } from './circular-properties.module.js';
+import { InputService } from './input.service.js';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [forwardRef(() => CircularPropertiesModule)],

integration/injector/src/circular-properties/input.service.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
 import { forwardRef, Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { CircularService } from './circular.service';
+
+// Lazy reference to avoid ESM circular-import TDZ issues
+// with emitDecoratorMetadata.
+let CircularServiceRef: any;
+import('./circular.service.js').then(
+  m => (CircularServiceRef = m.CircularService),
+);
 
 @Injectable()
 export class InputService {
-  @Inject(forwardRef(() => CircularService))
-  public readonly service: CircularService;
+  @Inject(forwardRef(() => CircularServiceRef))
+  public readonly service: any;
 }

integration/injector/src/circular-structure-dynamic-module/circular.module.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { DynamicModule } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { InputService } from './input.service';
+import { InputService } from './input.service.js';
 
 export class CircularModule {
   static forRoot(): DynamicModule {