### Rationale for this change
Trying to reduce the size of libarrow.so and remove google-cloud-cpp SDK on some builds. Allow for users to plug and play based on requirements and divide our functionality into cleaner modules.
### What changes are included in this PR?
Unconditionally build GCS and the google-cloud-cpp SDK into a different module libarrow_gcs.so outside of libarrow.so.
Update bindings to link against the new libarrow_gcs.so library.
Update the Linux Package jobs to have the new module into a different package.
### Are these changes tested?
Yes via CI
### Are there any user-facing changes?
Yes, users will need to either link against libarrow_s3.so or register using LoadFileSystemFactories
### Was AI used for this PR?
In accordance to the [AI generation guidelines](https://arrow.apache.org/docs/dev/developers/overview.html#ai-generated-code), please disclose below whether and how AI was used in this PR.
**PR code and description written by:**
- [x] Human
- [x] AI
**Reviewed before submission by:**
- [x] Human
- [ ] AI
- [ ] Not reviewed
* GitHub Issue: #54902
Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcd@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcd@apache.org>
Raúl Cumplido
4ecdfe046e