Catch range and elided-literal writes to protected fields

Range clauses can assign a protected field directly, and an elided
literal inside a []*T or map[K]*T composite initializes a fresh header
just like &T{...} does. Both bypassed the write check.

tools/customlint/protectedfield.go

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ func (p *protectedFieldPass) run() (any, error) {
 	for c := range in.Root().Preorder(
 		(*ast.AssignStmt)(nil),
 		(*ast.IncDecStmt)(nil),
+		(*ast.RangeStmt)(nil),
 		(*ast.UnaryExpr)(nil),
 		(*ast.CompositeLit)(nil),
 		(*ast.FuncType)(nil),
@@ -50,6 +51,13 @@ func (p *protectedFieldPass) run() (any, error) {
 			}
 		case *ast.IncDecStmt:
 			p.checkWrite(node.X, "write to")
+		case *ast.RangeStmt:
+			if node.Key != nil {
+				p.checkWrite(node.Key, "write to")
+			}
+			if node.Value != nil {
+				p.checkWrite(node.Value, "write to")
+			}
 		case *ast.UnaryExpr:
 			if node.Op == token.AND {
 				p.checkWrite(node.X, "address of")
@@ -107,7 +115,12 @@ func (p *protectedFieldPass) checkWrite(expr ast.Expr, what string) {
 }
 
 func (p *protectedFieldPass) checkLiteral(lit *ast.CompositeLit) {
-	st, ok := p.pass.TypesInfo.TypeOf(lit).Underlying().(*types.Struct)
+	typ := p.pass.TypesInfo.TypeOf(lit)
+	// Elided literals in []*T or map[K]*T composites have type *T.
+	if ptr, ok := typ.Underlying().(*types.Pointer); ok {
+		typ = ptr.Elem()
+	}
+	st, ok := typ.Underlying().(*types.Struct)
 	if !ok {
 		return
 	}

tools/customlint/testdata/protectedfield/consumer/consumer.go

@@ -17,6 +17,14 @@ func writes(h *record.Header, s *record.Small, d *record.Defined) {
 	h.Flags = 1
 	_ = &h.Flags
 	_ = h.Kind
+	for _, h.Kind = range []record.Kind{record.KindLarge} {
+	}
+	for h.Kind = range record.Kind(2) {
+	}
+	var kinds []record.Kind
+	for _, kind := range kinds {
+		_ = kind
+	}
 }
 
 func literals() {
@@ -25,6 +33,10 @@ func literals() {
 	_ = &record.Header{Flags: 1}
 	_ = &record.Small{}
 	_ = &record.Alias{Kind: record.KindSmall}
+	_ = []*record.Header{{Kind: record.KindLarge}}
+	_ = []*record.Header{{record.KindLarge, 1}}
+	_ = map[int]*record.Header{0: {Kind: record.KindLarge}}
+	_ = []*record.Header{{Flags: 1}}
 }
 
 func copies(h *record.Header, s *record.Small, hs []record.Header) {

tools/customlint/testdata/protectedfield/consumer/consumer.go.golden

@@ -29,6 +29,18 @@
 		h.Flags = 1
 		_ = &h.Flags
 		_ = h.Kind
+		for _, h.Kind = range []record.Kind{record.KindLarge} {
+		         ~
+!!! protectedfield: write to protected field Kind
+		}
+		for h.Kind = range record.Kind(2) {
+		      ~
+!!! protectedfield: write to protected field Kind
+		}
+		var kinds []record.Kind
+		for _, kind := range kinds {
+			_ = kind
+		}
 	}
 	
 	func literals() {
@@ -43,6 +55,16 @@
 		_ = &record.Alias{Kind: record.KindSmall}
 		                  ~
 !!! protectedfield: write to protected field Kind
+		_ = []*record.Header{{Kind: record.KindLarge}}
+		                      ~
+!!! protectedfield: write to protected field Kind
+		_ = []*record.Header{{record.KindLarge, 1}}
+		                      ~
+!!! protectedfield: write to protected field Kind
+		_ = map[int]*record.Header{0: {Kind: record.KindLarge}}
+		                               ~
+!!! protectedfield: write to protected field Kind
+		_ = []*record.Header{{Flags: 1}}
 	}
 	
 	func copies(h *record.Header, s *record.Small, hs []record.Header) {