diff --git a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
index 4f27a23b1a6..3744d6279e7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import logging
 import _opcode
 import os
 import re
+import shlex
 import stat
 import sys
 import sysconfig
@@ -469,27 +470,39 @@ def check_sanitizer(*, address=False, hwaddress=False, memory=False, ub=False,
 
 
     cflags = sysconfig.get_config_var('CFLAGS') or ''
-    config_args = sysconfig.get_config_var('CONFIG_ARGS') or ''
+    config_args = shlex.split(sysconfig.get_config_var('CONFIG_ARGS') or '')
+
+    def configured_with_sanitizer(name):
+        with_option = f'--with-{name}-sanitizer'
+        without_option = f'--without-{name}-sanitizer'
+        enabled = False
+        for arg in config_args:
+            if arg == without_option or arg == f'{with_option}=no':
+                enabled = False
+            elif arg == with_option or arg.startswith(f'{with_option}='):
+                enabled = True
+        return enabled
+
     memory_sanitizer = (
         '-fsanitize=memory' in cflags or
-        '--with-memory-sanitizer' in config_args
+        configured_with_sanitizer('memory')
     )
     hwaddress_sanitizer = (
         '-fsanitize=hwaddress' in cflags or
-        '--with-hwaddress-sanitizer' in config_args
+        configured_with_sanitizer('hwaddress')
     )
     address_sanitizer = (
         '-fsanitize=address' in cflags or
-        '--with-address-sanitizer' in config_args or
+        configured_with_sanitizer('address') or
         hwaddress_sanitizer
     )
     ub_sanitizer = (
         '-fsanitize=undefined' in cflags or
-        '--with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer' in config_args
+        configured_with_sanitizer('undefined-behavior')
     )
     thread_sanitizer = (
         '-fsanitize=thread' in cflags or
-        '--with-thread-sanitizer' in config_args
+        configured_with_sanitizer('thread')
     )
     function_sanitizer = (
         '-fsanitize=function' in cflags
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2026-09-12-15-33-26.gh-issue-157354.2hw6fe.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2026-09-12-15-33-26.gh-issue-157354.2hw6fe.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bc35aaf987
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2026-09-12-15-33-26.gh-issue-157354.2hw6fe.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix the :samp:`--with-{name}-sanitizer=no` and :samp:`--without-{name}-sanitizer`
+:program:`configure` options enabling the sanitizer instead of disabling it.
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 7be33a6f695..1d745f45ca9 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -14369,8 +14369,18 @@ printf %s "checking for --with-address-sanitizer... " >&6; }
 if test ${with_address_sanitizer+y}
 then :
   withval=$with_address_sanitizer;
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $withval" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$withval" >&6; }
+else case e in #(
+  e) with_address_sanitizer=no ;;
+esac
+fi
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_address_sanitizer" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$with_address_sanitizer" >&6; }
+if test "x$with_address_sanitizer" = xno
+then :
+
+else case e in #(
+  e)
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=address $LDFLAGS"
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether a program links with -fsanitize=address" >&5
@@ -14398,14 +14408,10 @@ esac
 fi
 rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
     conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-
-else case e in #(
-  e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; } ;;
+ ;;
 esac
 fi
 
-
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --with-hwaddress-sanitizer" >&5
 printf %s "checking for --with-hwaddress-sanitizer... " >&6; }
 
@@ -14413,8 +14419,18 @@ printf %s "checking for --with-hwaddress-sanitizer... " >&6; }
 if test ${with_hwaddress_sanitizer+y}
 then :
   withval=$with_hwaddress_sanitizer;
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $withval" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$withval" >&6; }
+else case e in #(
+  e) with_hwaddress_sanitizer=no ;;
+esac
+fi
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_hwaddress_sanitizer" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$with_hwaddress_sanitizer" >&6; }
+if test "x$with_hwaddress_sanitizer" = xno
+then :
+
+else case e in #(
+  e)
 hwasan_flags="-fsanitize=hwaddress"
 # x86-64 lacks address tagging, so HWASan needs the page aliasing mode there.
 # See gh-156049 and
@@ -14453,14 +14469,10 @@ esac
 fi
 rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
     conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-
-else case e in #(
-  e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; } ;;
+ ;;
 esac
 fi
 
-
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --with-memory-sanitizer" >&5
 printf %s "checking for --with-memory-sanitizer... " >&6; }
 
@@ -14468,8 +14480,18 @@ printf %s "checking for --with-memory-sanitizer... " >&6; }
 if test ${with_memory_sanitizer+y}
 then :
   withval=$with_memory_sanitizer;
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $withval" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$withval" >&6; }
+else case e in #(
+  e) with_memory_sanitizer=no ;;
+esac
+fi
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_memory_sanitizer" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$with_memory_sanitizer" >&6; }
+if test "x$with_memory_sanitizer" = xno
+then :
+
+else case e in #(
+  e)
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=memory -fsanitize-memory-track-origins=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=memory -fsanitize-memory-track-origins=2 $LDFLAGS"
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether a program links with -fsanitize=memory" >&5
@@ -14497,14 +14519,10 @@ esac
 fi
 rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
     conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-
-else case e in #(
-  e) { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; } ;;
+ ;;
 esac
 fi
 
-
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer" >&5
 printf %s "checking for --with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer... " >&6; }
 
@@ -14512,8 +14530,20 @@ printf %s "checking for --with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer... " >&6; }
 if test ${with_undefined_behavior_sanitizer+y}
 then :
   withval=$with_undefined_behavior_sanitizer;
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $withval" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$withval" >&6; }
+else case e in #(
+  e) with_undefined_behavior_sanitizer=no ;;
+esac
+fi
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_undefined_behavior_sanitizer" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$with_undefined_behavior_sanitizer" >&6; }
+if test "x$with_undefined_behavior_sanitizer" = xno
+then :
+
+with_ubsan="no"
+
+else case e in #(
+  e)
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined $LDFLAGS"
 with_ubsan="yes"
@@ -14542,17 +14572,10 @@ esac
 fi
 rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
     conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-
-else case e in #(
-  e)
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
-with_ubsan="no"
  ;;
 esac
 fi
 
-
 { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for --with-thread-sanitizer" >&5
 printf %s "checking for --with-thread-sanitizer... " >&6; }
 
@@ -14560,8 +14583,20 @@ printf %s "checking for --with-thread-sanitizer... " >&6; }
 if test ${with_thread_sanitizer+y}
 then :
   withval=$with_thread_sanitizer;
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $withval" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "$withval" >&6; }
+else case e in #(
+  e) with_thread_sanitizer=no ;;
+esac
+fi
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_thread_sanitizer" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$with_thread_sanitizer" >&6; }
+if test "x$with_thread_sanitizer" = xno
+then :
+
+with_tsan="no"
+
+else case e in #(
+  e)
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=thread $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=thread $LDFLAGS"
 with_tsan="yes"
@@ -14590,17 +14625,10 @@ esac
 fi
 rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
     conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
-
-else case e in #(
-  e)
-{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
-printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
-with_tsan="no"
  ;;
 esac
 fi
 
-
 # Set info about shared libraries.
 
 
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index d92afe2751d..df4a7494ecd 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -3728,8 +3728,9 @@ AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-address-sanitizer])
 AC_ARG_WITH([address_sanitizer],
             AS_HELP_STRING([--with-address-sanitizer],
                            [enable AddressSanitizer memory error detector, 'asan' (default is no)]),
-[
-AC_MSG_RESULT([$withval])
+[], [with_address_sanitizer=no])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$with_address_sanitizer])
+AS_VAR_IF([with_address_sanitizer], [no], [], [
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=address $LDFLAGS"
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether a program links with -fsanitize=address])
@@ -3737,8 +3738,7 @@ AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
   [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
   [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
    AC_MSG_ERROR([cannot link with -fsanitize=address: the compiler does not support AddressSanitizer or its runtime library is not installed; see config.log])])
-],
-[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+])
 
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-hwaddress-sanitizer])
 AC_ARG_WITH(
@@ -3747,8 +3747,9 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(
     [--with-hwaddress-sanitizer],
     [enable HWAddressSanitizer memory error detector, 'hwasan' (default is no)]
   )],
-[
-AC_MSG_RESULT([$withval])
+[], [with_hwaddress_sanitizer=no])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$with_hwaddress_sanitizer])
+AS_VAR_IF([with_hwaddress_sanitizer], [no], [], [
 hwasan_flags="-fsanitize=hwaddress"
 # x86-64 lacks address tagging, so HWASan needs the page aliasing mode there.
 # See gh-156049 and
@@ -3763,8 +3764,7 @@ AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
   [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
   [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
    AC_MSG_ERROR([cannot link with $hwasan_flags: the compiler does not support HWAddressSanitizer or its runtime library is not installed; see config.log])])
-],
-[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+])
 
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-memory-sanitizer])
 AC_ARG_WITH(
@@ -3773,8 +3773,9 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(
     [--with-memory-sanitizer],
     [enable MemorySanitizer allocation error detector, 'msan' (default is no)]
   )],
-[
-AC_MSG_RESULT([$withval])
+[], [with_memory_sanitizer=no])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$with_memory_sanitizer])
+AS_VAR_IF([with_memory_sanitizer], [no], [], [
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=memory -fsanitize-memory-track-origins=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=memory -fsanitize-memory-track-origins=2 $LDFLAGS"
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether a program links with -fsanitize=memory])
@@ -3782,8 +3783,7 @@ AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
   [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
   [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
    AC_MSG_ERROR([cannot link with -fsanitize=memory: the compiler does not support MemorySanitizer or its runtime library is not installed; see config.log])])
-],
-[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+])
 
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer])
 AC_ARG_WITH(
@@ -3792,8 +3792,11 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(
     [--with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer],
     [enable UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer undefined behaviour detector, 'ubsan' (default is no)]
   )],
-[
-AC_MSG_RESULT([$withval])
+[], [with_undefined_behavior_sanitizer=no])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$with_undefined_behavior_sanitizer])
+AS_VAR_IF([with_undefined_behavior_sanitizer], [no], [
+with_ubsan="no"
+], [
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined $LDFLAGS"
 with_ubsan="yes"
@@ -3802,10 +3805,6 @@ AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
   [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
   [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
    AC_MSG_ERROR([cannot link with -fsanitize=undefined: the compiler does not support UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer or its runtime library is not installed; see config.log])])
-],
-[
-AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
-with_ubsan="no"
 ])
 
 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for --with-thread-sanitizer])
@@ -3815,8 +3814,11 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(
     [--with-thread-sanitizer],
     [enable ThreadSanitizer data race detector, 'tsan' (default is no)]
   )],
-[
-AC_MSG_RESULT([$withval])
+[], [with_thread_sanitizer=no])
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$with_thread_sanitizer])
+AS_VAR_IF([with_thread_sanitizer], [no], [
+with_tsan="no"
+], [
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=thread $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=thread $LDFLAGS"
 with_tsan="yes"
@@ -3825,10 +3827,6 @@ AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
   [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
   [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
    AC_MSG_ERROR([cannot link with -fsanitize=thread: the compiler does not support ThreadSanitizer or its runtime library is not installed; see config.log])])
-],
-[
-AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
-with_tsan="no"
 ])
 
 # Set info about shared libraries.