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`rename` and `replace` are the same for Unixes but different for Windows in Python. POSIX's `rename` atomically replaces its target; there is no `replace` in POSIX. `renameat2` with `RENAME_NOREPLACE` atomically checks if a file exists and renames if it doesn't, but Python's `rename` and `replace` predate `renameat2`. For Windows, `rename` acts like the `RENAME_NOREPLACE` flag while `replace` functions like `rename`. I implemented both using the Windows API. Both implementations follow CPython's code by using `MoveFileExW`. There are modern Windows APIs that may be worth using in the future. Rust's standard library prefers the modern APIs but falls back to `MoveFileExW` for deprecated Windows versions.