Commit Graph
42 Commits
Author SHA1 Message Date
1ndahous3 5b578797e7 Link libffi only when the vm's host_env feature is on (#8912)
Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5-5
2026-09-30 13:30:03 +00:00
Jeong, YunWon be23b2c562 Store database docstrings xz-compressed behind an optional doc feature (#8836)
* Skip Python-defined classes when collecting builtin type docs

generate.py recorded every object.__subclasses__() entry as builtins.<name>
after importing the whole stdlib, so classes written in Python (tkinter,
unittest, tarfile, ...) ended up in the doc database. Classes that are
mutable heap types without C method descriptors and whose module is not a
C extension are now skipped, and their entries are removed from
data.inc.rs.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Store database docstrings xz-compressed behind an optional doc feature

- rustpython-doc's build script compresses all database docstrings into
  one xz blob with an offset index; identical texts share one offset.
- Macros emit blob references for database docs; vm decompresses the
  blob on first access.
- New `doc` cargo feature (default on) in rustpython, rustpython-vm and
  rustpython-stdlib. Without it the blob and xz are not linked and
  database-backed __doc__ is None; __text_signature__ is unaffected.
- Native types without a docstring get __doc__ = None in their dict.
- Workflows that build with --no-default-features enable `doc` where
  tests or releases need docstrings.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7
2026-09-27 20:45:45 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 00dfed8ff9 Resolve class attribute docs at macro time and drop rustpython-doc from vm (#8830)
* Resolve class attribute docs at macro time and drop rustpython-doc from vm

- #[pyclass] and #[pystruct_sequence] emit a sorted PyClassDef::ATTR_DOCS
  table from the doc database; attribute and slot docs look up that table.
- rustpython-vm no longer depends on rustpython-doc.
- _operator.attrgetter, itemgetter, methodcaller and object get
  constructor Args with FromArgs::PARAMS, replacing the hardcoded class
  signature docs in class.rs.
- methodcaller() with no arguments raises "methodcaller needs at least one
  argument, the method name".

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Drop default values that equal the field type's default

Bare `default` on integer and bool fields already renders the zero value
in the text signature, so `default = 0` and `default = false` are
replaced with bare `default`.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Return the empty str singleton from Context::new_str

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
2026-09-26 21:59:54 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 3c654204f5 Match native text signatures to CPython names, kinds and defaults (#8815)
* Render CPython defaults in generated text signatures

Arguments whose default rendered as `<unrepresentable>`, while the
same callable has a representable default in CPython, now render that
default:

- Where the Rust value can be a literal, the argument becomes a plain
  field with `default = <literal>`.
- The remaining cases keep their Rust default and add `py_default`
  with a comment. These are wrappers such as ArgIntoFloat or
  ArgIntoBool, values that need the VM, enums, and Option where None
  means another value.

Byte string literals render as Python bytes. A function registered
under several names gets an internal doc per name, so its __doc__ no
longer carries the signature header.

Removed expectedFailure from test_pydoc tests that now pass.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5

* Match native callable signatures to CPython names and kinds

Rename parameters and adjust positional-only / keyword-only kinds and
defaults of native functions and methods so their generated text
signatures match CPython. Remove expectedFailure markers from tests
that now pass.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Fix Windows console read size and keep type.__prepare__ permissive

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5

* Derive signature defaults from typed Rust values

Param.default is now a DefaultRepr rendered by the const writer.
Literals, integer and bool constants become typed defaults, and other
default expressions use the type's const fn py_default. A bare
`optional` renders as None, so `default = None` rewrites are reverted.

Address review comments: zlib max_length defaults, get_ca_certs
binary_form keyword, getpeercert der, WASM ssl certificate keywords,
fstatvfs fd-only, and _sre endpos shown as sys.maxsize.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Generate class constructor text signatures at compile time

A #[pyclass] impl composes the type's internal doc from the Args of
its Initializer or Constructor, so type.__text_signature__ and
inspect.signature work for native classes. __doc__ stays the plain
doc. Struct sequences get (iterable=(), /) and __reduce__ (self, /).
Hand-parsed constructors are converted to FromArgs structs, and
_weakref.proxy is split from ProxyType.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Remove expectedFailure from test_hmac tests that now pass

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5

* Match remaining native signatures and count missing CPython signatures as matches

Give lock.__enter__ and RLock.__enter__ their own no-argument methods,
add FromArgs for start_new_thread and start_joinable_thread keeping
their errors, take RTLD_GLOBAL/RTLD_LOCAL from libc, and align names,
kinds and <unrepresentable> defaults where CPython's signature is
invalid (bytes.hex, reduce, warn, link, setlocale, add_done_callback,
...). getaddrinfo accepts keyword arguments. whats_left treats a
callable CPython has no signature for as matching.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Drop unfulfilled dead_code expectation on os.link dir_fd args

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5

* Distinguish OptionalArg and Option in signature defaults

An `optional` field's signature default now comes from its type:
Option<T> renders None, while OptionalArg<T> (a missing argument that
is not any Python value) renders <unrepresentable>. Fields where a
missing argument behaves exactly like None become Option<T>; fields
whose missing state differs keep OptionalArg. Redundant
py_default = "<unrepresentable>" entries are removed.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Remove expectedFailure from test_rlcompleter.test_attr_matches

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5

* Use Option for optional arguments whose missing and None states match

OptionalOption and OptionalArg<Option<T>> fields that treat a missing
argument like None become Option<T> with #[pyarg(optional)], which renders
=None in the text signature. Plain optional parameters of that kind move
into small FromArgs structs. Uses where missing and None differ (reduce
initial, StringIO newline, TextIOWrapper.reconfigure, set_asyncgen_hooks)
keep OptionalOption.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Render ::NAME defaults by name and restore named constant defaults

- default = ::NAME writes NAME into the text signature and stores
  Into::into(NAME) as the Rust value.
- A one-field tuple-struct argument pattern such as Fildes(fd) names the
  parameter after its binding, so fcntl and termios keep destructuring.
- zlib, lzma, syslog, mmap and select defaults use their named constants
  again instead of literals or <unrepresentable>.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Name FromArgs fields after their Python parameters

Drop #[pyarg(name = ...)] where the Python name is a valid Rust field name
and rename the field instead. The option stays only for keywords (fn, loop,
final, type, self) and the non-snake_case memLevel.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Build literal defaults from Python values and type <unrepresentable>

- default = LIT on a non-primitive field converts the literal through
  ToPyObject and TryFromObject when the argument is missing, so object
  fields no longer need a vm expression plus a matching py_default.
- A bare default on a primitive integer, bool or float field renders its
  zero value.
- DefaultRepr::Unrepresentable replaces the <unrepresentable> text, and
  py_default = "<unrepresentable>" is a compile error.
- pyexpat.ParserCreate distinguishes a missing intern from intern=None,
  mmap AccessMode renders its value, and sqlite blobopen names rowid.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Resolve native docstrings from the doc database at compile time

- rustpython-doc stores its table as a sorted const slice with const fn
  lookups (get, get_attr, class_attr_doc) instead of a phf map, and the
  update-doc-db workflow emits that form.
- Class, method, getset, module function and struct sequence docs, and
  per-class slot wrapper docs, are chosen by const lookups in the derive
  output. The database text wins over Rust doc comments.
- Macros reach the table through rustpython_vm::__exports, so only the vm
  depends on rustpython-doc.
- Remove expectedFailure markers from doctest and pydoc tests that pass.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.7

* Keep time.gmtime, localtime and ctime without a text signature

Their [seconds] parameter has no text signature, and unittest.mock relies
on inspect.signature failing for them. Take OptionalOption again so the
default stays unrepresentable, and treat None like a missing argument.

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
2026-09-26 10:39:04 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 33182c444b Stop embedding build-time environment variables in _sysconfigdata (#8813)
crates/vm/build.rs wrote every environment variable of the build
process into OUT_DIR/env_vars.rs, and _sysconfigdata included that file
into build_time_vars. All build-machine environment variables ended up
as string literals in the binary and were readable at runtime through
sysconfig.get_config_vars().

Remove the dump and the include, and drop the now unused itertools
build-dependency. build_time_vars keeps only the explicit entries.

Fixes #8802

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-fable-5-1
2026-09-25 08:20:00 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonandLee Dogeon afad92bf1b Add OrderedDict, marshal, inspect, and chflags bitflagset (#8780)
* Implement _collections.OrderedDict

Extracted from #6799: native OrderedDict as a dict subclass,
iterator mutation tracking, and mapping-view set operations.

* Add OrderedDict, warnings source lines, and socket sendmsg

Implement _collections.OrderedDict as a dict subclass with a
linked list of insertion-order nodes.

Pack struct F/D as native float/double complex pairs, and report
unexpected __replace__ field names as a list repr.

Register encodings.latin_1 at startup. Reject NUL in input()
prompts. Copy non-exact type dicts in mapping order.

Fetch warning source lines through _bless_my_loader and unicode
splitlines. Keep the last warnings.filters list after deletion.

Snapshot sendmsg sequences before converting buffers, parse
ancillary ints with __index__, and dispatch AF_CAN by protocol.

Store sys.trace and sys.profile on each ThreadSlot so
_settraceallthreads/_setprofileallthreads are visible to
sys.gettrace/getprofile on other threads.

Use <frozen importlib._bootstrap> as frozen importlib
co_filename. Keep HEAPTYPE socket objects GC-tracked.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Load marshal via readinto and dump sets in dumps order

marshal.load fills a scratch buffer with readinto on a
contiguous writable memoryview, and rejects a returned length
other than the requested size.

set and frozenset dumps write elements in sorted(v,
key=marshal.dumps) order.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Add classmethod_descriptor and ABC IS_ABSTRACT flags

Give METH_CLASS methods a distinct classmethod_descriptor type.
Store Py_TPFLAGS_IS_ABSTRACT from __abstractmethods__ and look
up that attribute only in the type's own dict.

Expose defaultdict.default_factory as a member descriptor.
Inherit bool's unused number slots from int. Mark set and
frozenset __contains__ as METH_COEXIST.

Parse classmethod, staticmethod, object.__new__, and heap type
text signatures. Register interactive source in linecache.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* address review: odict reuse, descr call, new wrapper

Reuse odict node slots and walk the live list in next_after.
Require both | operands to be dicts. Drop the odict iterator
on GC clear. Bind classmethod descriptors through descr_get
and update IS_ABSTRACT under the type lock. Give odict keys
and items sq_contains. Walk tp_new_wrapper past new_wrapper
so HEAPTYPE socket subclasses can call socket.__new__.
Split FreeBSD Bluetooth protocol constants from Linux values.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Represent chflags bits with bitflagset

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Represent access and mode bits with bitflagset

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Continue unfinished REPL suites as incomplete input

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Add pickle and os.stat inspect signatures

Give _pickle.Pickler the clinic constructor text signature and
accept fix_imports and buffer_callback as positional-or-keyword.
Allow #[pyfunction(text_signature)] and use it so os.stat reports
(path, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=True). Uncomment import
_pickle and drop the pickle inspect expectedFailures.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Add Unpickler, dump/load, and lstat signatures

Give _pickle Unpickler, dump, dumps, load, and loads clinic
text signatures, and os.lstat (path, *, dir_fd=None).

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Complete OrderedDict with insertion-order links

Move the native OrderedDict into ordered_dict.rs and track order
with a linked list of nodes, keeping mapping-view set operations.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* address CI: stat casts, HCI_DATA_DIR, passing xfails

Compare stat permission bits as Mode so Linux clippy does not
flag a u32-to-u32 cast. Export HCI_DATA_DIR with the Bluetooth
socket option values. Drop expectedFailure from tests that now
pass.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix wasm teardown deadlock and bluetooth constants

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Clear process-wide eval breaker bits in STW test

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Drop exclusive-held panic that tripped wasm clippy

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix OrderedDict contains and export Windows BDADDR

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Add cmp_to_key and hash-once LRU cache

_functools.cmp_to_key now returns KeyWrapper. LRU lookups store the
key hash on _lru_list_elem so __hash__ is not called again on hits
or eviction.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Allow subclass keywords on list, tuple, and float

list.__init__ rejects keywords only when tp_new is still list's.
tuple/float.__new__ reject them only when tp_init is still the base's.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix CI lint, test re-export, and structseq members

Drop the duplicate clear_eval_breaker_for_test re-export.
Format structseq imports. Expose struct sequence fields as
readonly members so assignment raises "readonly attribute".

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Allow subclass keywords on itertools and filter

Positional-only constructors ignore extra keywords when a subclass
has replaced tp_init, matching list/tuple/float.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Remove text_signature derive parameter

Drop the string override on #[pyfunction] and #[pyclass]. Signatures
are generated from the Rust parameter list only. Restore inspect
expectedFailures that depended on the override.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Rename set contains_method to __contains__

Keep a borrowed contains helper for slots and C-API. The coexist
pymethod is named __contains__.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Use MonitoringEvent instead of EVENT_* aliases

Drop the unused MonitoringEvents bitflags and the EVENT_PY_START
style mask constants. Call sites use the enum and .mask().

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Store warnings filters as PyListRef

The list already serializes its elements. Drop the extra mutex around
the cached list pointer.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Re-export clear_eval_breaker_for_test after rebase

Keep the STW test helper visible without bringing back stop_bit_set.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix groupby reentrancy and islice arguments

Give _grouper its own tgtkey and take currvalue after the key
comparison. Accept __index__ on islice bounds, reject step 0, and
drain the source up to stop.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* SETREF warnings filters, onceregistry, and defaultaction

Keep the last list, dict, or str after the module attributes are
deleted by swapping the interpreter cache pointer. Do not store a
None fallback for _warnings_context.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Iterate OrderedDict inner dict via next_entry

&PyDict is not an iterator after the borrowed-ref signature change.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Remove expectedFailure from testBluetoothConstants

Linux now exports BTPROTO_HCI and the rest of the set.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Borrow get_filter arguments as PyObject

Match the warn_explicit call site that passes borrowed
handles after the internal-helper borrow change.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix bool slots and SemHandle safety docs

Leave unused bool number slots unset so inspect reports
__add__ on int. Document SemHandle::from_raw safety.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Keep sendmsg errors and drop duplicate linecache

Replace sendmsg iterable TypeError only. Register REPL
source in linecache once per compiled input.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Nest REPL parse or-patterns for clippy

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Mark pydoc os.stat signature test expectedFailure

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

---------

Co-authored-by: Lee Dogeon <dev.moreal@gmail.com>
2026-09-24 12:21:26 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 7b018871a3 host_env: export remaining stdlib constants (#8760)
* host_env: export winsound, spawn, and remaining SSL_OP flags

Assisted-by: Claude

* stdlib: take winsound, nt spawn, and SSL_OP names from host_env

Assisted-by: Claude

* host_env: export ssl alerts, sysexits, socket extras

Assisted-by: Claude

* stdlib: take remaining host_env and common constants

Assisted-by: Claude

* Remove unused workspace exitcode dependency

Assisted-by: Claude

* host_env: export PROTO, access, reparse, wait flags

Assisted-by: Claude

* stdlib: take PROTO, access, reparse, wait from host_env

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-09-21 19:37:16 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonandLee Dogeon d02d81e740 perf: VM and runtime hot paths from pyperformance (#8737)
* time: use CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW for monotonic/perf_counter on Apple

CLOCK_MONOTONIC keeps advancing during system sleep on macOS, unlike
CPython's mach_absolute_time()-backed perf_counter/monotonic. Benchmarks
that spanned a laptop sleep recorded thousands of seconds for a single
iteration (pyperformance float/fannkuch showed ~1000x slowdowns).
Use CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW (equivalent to mach_absolute_time) on Apple targets
and report it as such in time.get_clock_info().

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: derive f_lineno lazily instead of tracking prev_line per instruction

The dispatch loop wrote prev_line (a locations lookup plus a Cell store)
on every instruction only so f_lineno could read it. f_lineno now derives
the line from lasti and code.locations, prev_line is only maintained on
the cold tracing path for 'line' event de-duplication, the two use_tracing
reads per instruction are merged into one, and the pre-dispatch lasti
reload is replaced by the value just stored.

When a trace function is installed on an already-running frame (bdb
stepping back into an untraced caller, frame.f_trace assignment, a local
trace returned from the 'call' event on a resumed generator) prev_line is
synced from lasti so no spurious 'line' event fires.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: coalesce per-call thread-locals into one FRAME_SLOT_CACHE

set_current_frame ran on every frame enter/exit and touched three separate
thread_local! statics (each a _tlv_get_addr call on macOS). Merge them into
a single thread-local struct so the hot path does one TLS access.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: fold stop/finalizing checks into EVAL_BREAKER

eval_breaker_tripped ran three checks per bytecode: the finalizing flag,
a thread-local stop_requested lookup, and the EVAL_BREAKER load. Add
STOP_BIT and FINALIZING_BIT so the per-instruction check is a single
relaxed atomic load; the slow path (check_signals) still re-derives the
exact per-thread answer. The bits are set alongside the per-thread flags
and cleared under the stop-the-world exclusion.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* gc: set the TRACKED bit with a plain store for freshly allocated objects

gc_bits is zero for a fresh allocation (both the freelist reuse path and
PyInner::new zero it), so track_new_object can initialise the bit with a
relaxed store instead of a fetch_or. Re-tracking resurrected objects keeps
the read-modify-write variant.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: skip thread exception publish when pushing/popping a None exc slot

Generator/coroutine resume pushes and pops an exc_info slot on every
send. When that slot is None the value returned by topmost_exception
cannot change (it skips None entries), so the thread-local exception
publish in push_exception/pop_exception is unnecessary.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: allocation-free keyword-call fast path and super() MRO walk

Keyword calls to plain functions where every parameter is filled exactly
once are reordered in place into the fast-locals layout (no IndexMap, no
keyword name clones); any mismatch falls back to the existing slow path
so error messages are unchanged. super().attr now walks the type's MRO
by reference instead of cloning every class into two Vecs per lookup.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* builtins: cheaper enumerate and zip iteration

enumerate kept its counter as a BigInt behind a write lock and did bignum
arithmetic on every item; use a machine integer that promotes to BigInt
only for huge/negative starts or on overflow. zip pre-sizes its per-item
Vec so the common two-iterable case allocates once.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* _asyncio: cache module objects and use native set/dict operations

Task registration re-resolved _asyncio module attributes and re-imported
contextvars on every task; the eager path additionally went through generic
call_method for set add/discard. Cache the module objects per thread
(validated by identity), split the contextvars cache from the task
containers, and use PySet/PyDict methods directly.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* perf: use mimalloc as global allocator for rustpython CLI

Adds mimalloc (0.1.52, default-features = false) as the #[global_allocator]
for the rustpython binary, gated behind a new `mimalloc` feature enabled
by default on non-wasm targets (dep declared under
target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))'.dependencies, so wasm builds
never pull it in regardless of default-features).

Profiling a `t = (a, b, c)` loop showed malloc/free at ~40% of samples on
macOS with the system allocator. Switching to mimalloc gives consistent
wins across small-object-heavy workloads, medians over 5-9 interleaved
A/B rounds (release build, this machine):

  tuple (5M `(a,b,c)`)         1.020s -> 0.863s  (1.18x)
  4-thread tuple (5M total)    1.643s -> 1.382s  (1.19x)
  class instances (2M)         0.874s -> 0.797s  (1.10x)
  dict-heavy (200k x 20)       2.196s -> 1.992s  (1.10x)
  string-heavy (join x 20)     0.662s -> 0.592s  (1.12x)
  nqueens (pyperformance)      0.327s -> 0.286s  (1.14x)
  chaos (pyperformance)        0.204s -> 0.191s  (1.06x)
  richards (pyperformance)     0.154s -> 0.151s  (1.02x)
  go (pyperformance)           0.411s -> 0.405s  (1.01x)
  listcomp / fib               ~neutral (<=1%)

Peak RSS (/usr/bin/time -l): instances workload roughly unchanged
(29.0MB -> 29.1MB); dict-heavy workload actually drops (155MB -> 106MB),
likely because mimalloc reclaims freed pages more aggressively than the
system allocator across repeated large-dict churn.

`cargo build` and `cargo build --release` are warning-free with the
default feature set, and `cargo build --release --no-default-features
--features stdlib,threading,importlib,stdio,host_env` (mimalloc
excluded) also builds cleanly. CI's wasm32-wasip1 and other
--no-default-features build matrices in .github/workflows already omit
`mimalloc` from their feature lists and target wasm via the
cfg(not(wasm32)) dependency gate, so no workflow changes needed.

`rustpython -m test -j4 test_gc test_weakref test_threading test_dict
test_list test_tuple test_str test_bytes test_memoryview test_ctypes
test_mmap test_array` passes identically (2541 tests, 241 skipped) on
both the baseline and mimalloc binaries.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: cap dict/set table shrink and compact holes on resize

asyncio's eager task path (and its per-task bookkeeping sets in general)
repeatedly adds and discards distinct task objects from a handful of
long-lived sets (_eager_tasks, _scheduled_tasks). Two dict_inner issues
turned that steady-state churn into the dominant cost of async_tree_eager:

1. resize() picked a target size of `used * 2` with no floor, so once a
   churny set settled around 1-2 live entries it shrank to a table that
   the very next insert would already overflow, forcing a resize on
   almost every single add. Clamping to the original minimum table size
   (8) restores the headroom dict/set start with.

2. `entries` only ever grows (holes from deletions are never reclaimed),
   so resize()'s rebuild pass scanned every entry ever inserted into the
   dict's lifetime, not just the live ones - a set with a stable working
   set size but heavy churn grew this scan, and the dict's memory, without
   bound. resize() now compacts holes out of `entries` first, matching
   CPython's compacting hash table and keeping the shape-stamp fast path
   (which already requires a hole-free layout) reachable more often.

Measured with a standalone async_tree micro-benchmark (6 levels x 6
branches, pyperformance's bm_async_tree "none"/"eager" shape) run inside
one process for 10 asyncio.run() iterations, comparing medians of
interleaved binary runs on an otherwise idle machine:

- eager: ~2.91s -> ~0.86s median (about 3.4x)
- none:  ~1.98s -> ~1.23s median (about 1.6x)

A single fresh-process run (no in-process accumulation) still improves
by roughly 15-20% for eager, since the resize-storm from point 1 hits
even a single run's worth of task churn.

test_asyncio (34 files, all passing), test_dict, test_set, test_weakref,
test_weakset, test_ordered_dict, test_gc, test_descr, test_class, and
`cargo test -p rustpython-vm -p rustpython-stdlib` all pass.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* _functools: add native _lru_cache_wrapper

RustPython had no native _functools._lru_cache_wrapper, so
functools.lru_cache always fell back to the pure-Python implementation
in Lib/functools.py (RLock, linked-list bookkeeping, closures). That
fallback dominates typing.Protocol's __instancecheck__ path: it calls
inspect.getattr_static, whose _shadowed_dict is itself lru_cache'd, so
every isinstance() check against a runtime-checkable protocol paid for
several pure-Python cache-wrapper calls plus lock acquisitions.

Add a native pyclass mirroring CPython's C _lru_cache_wrapper: a
reentrant lock scoped only around the cache lookup/insert steps (not
held across the wrapped call, matching CPython's threading behavior),
LRU ordering piggybacked on the cache dict's own insertion order
(move-to-end via del+reinsert, oldest evicted from the front) so no
separate key-comparison structure is needed, and __copy__/__deepcopy__
returning self to match CPython since __reduce__ (used only for
pickling) requires __qualname__, which wrapped non-function callables
such as functools.partial don't have.

Measured with a standalone script reproducing pyperformance's
bm_typing_runtime_protocols isinstance() loop (300 loops, medians of
5 interleaved runs): 0.260s -> 0.182s, about 1.43x faster. In
isolation, a cache-hit through lru_cache went from ~0.31s to ~0.07s
for 200k calls, now faster than calling the underlying function
uncached (matching CPython's C accelerator).

Verified with test_typing, test_abc, test_inspect, test_functools,
test_weakref, test_isinstance, and test_descr (all pass, matching the
pre-existing baseline, including test_functools's already-present
TestLRUC suite which now actually exercises the native implementation).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* sre_engine: ASCII fast path for \d \s \w unicode category checks

is_uni_digit/is_uni_space/is_uni_alnum went through icu_properties'
GeneralCategory table lookup for every character, even the common
ASCII case. Add a `ch < 0x80` fast path that resolves directly via
std's ascii predicates, falling back to the full table only for
non-ASCII code points (Latin-1 supplement chars like 'A-umlaut' still
route through the table since they are alphanumeric but not ASCII).

Measured on a tight `re.findall(r"\w+", ...)` / `re.sub` loop over
mostly-ASCII text (interleaved A/B, 4 rounds, medians):
  re.sub:    1.178s -> 1.134s  (~3.7% faster)
  re.findall: 1.110s -> 1.062s (~4.3% faster)

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: skip VM attach for no-op generator/coroutine __del__

Generator, coroutine, and async-generator dealloc always went through
drop_slow_inner's call_slot_del, which unconditionally attaches to a VM
(with_vm -> begin_interpreter_section -> per-interpreter thread-slot
hashmap lookup) before running del(), even though del() itself is a
documented no-op once the object is already closed or running - the
common case for a generator/coroutine consumed to completion.

Add PyTypeSlots::del_needed, an optional VM-free fast predicate checked
before call_slot_del/with_vm; generator, coroutine, and async_generator
install a check mirroring their own del() no-op branches, letting
drop_slow_inner and try_call_finalizer skip the VM attach entirely for
finished objects.

Standalone microbenchmarks (median of 5 interleaved runs):
- create+drain a 3-yield generator, 2M times: 1.099s -> 0.997s (-9%)
- pyperformance bm_generators shape (yield-from tree traversal): -4%
- pyperformance bm_coroutines shape (recursive fibonacci coroutines): -13%

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* _asyncio: skip full __import__ dispatch on module-cache hot path

with_asyncio_cache/with_contextvars_cache called vm.import("_asyncio"/
"contextvars", 0) on every Task/Future registration just to validate
their module-identity cache, even on the (overwhelming) hit path. That
still pays the full __import__ builtin dispatch (attribute lookup on
builtins, FuncArgs construction, native slot_call, ImportArgs parsing,
import_module_level) instead of a cheap sys.modules lookup. Added
fast_import_cached(), which checks sys.modules directly and only falls
back to vm.import on a miss (module missing/reloaded).

Measured with a standalone asyncio_tree-style microbenchmark
(6 levels x 6 branches, several asyncio.run() iterations per process,
median of 5 interleaved A/B rounds):
  none:      1.045s -> 0.895s (~14% faster)
  eager:     0.716s -> 0.591s (~17% faster)
  eager_tg:  1.023s -> 0.849s (~17% faster)

test_asyncio (all files), test_contextvars (module absent from this
checkout, pre-existing), test_weakref, test_weakset all pass/unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: skip VM-attach section in with_vm when already on the current interpreter

Object teardown (drop_slow_inner -> call_slot_del, try_call_finalizer,
weakref callbacks) calls with_vm(), which unconditionally went through
set_current_vm -> begin_interpreter_section: an INTERP_THREAD_SLOTS
HashMap lookup plus an Arc clone, even in the overwhelmingly common
case where the dropping thread is already attached to the exact
interpreter that owns the object (a __del__ object or weakref target
going out of scope mid-bytecode).

with_vm now checks whether the object's owning interpreter is already
the one on top of VM_STACK. Only the top of VM_STACK is ever ATTACHED
on a thread (every push is preceded by an attach, every pop restores
the enclosing attach), so when it matches we call f(vm) directly and
skip begin_interpreter_section/set_current_vm entirely. The rare
not-attached/different-interpreter cases (nested subinterpreters,
thread outside any VM, shutdown) fall through to the original
attach/detach path unchanged.

Interleaved release-build measurements (5 rounds, medians), plain-Rust
micro-scripts, no pyperf:
- 2M create+drop of a __del__ object: ~0.55s -> ~0.46s (~16% faster)
- 2M create+drop with a weakref callback: ~1.14s -> ~1.06s (~7% faster)
- 2M io.StringIO() create+drop: ~0.734s -> ~0.697s (~5% faster)
- fib(30) and a 5M-iteration tuple-unpack loop: unchanged (noise-level)

`sample` profiles of the __del__ benchmark confirm
begin_interpreter_section/ensure_thread_slot frames disappear after
the change.

Verified: `cargo test -p rustpython-vm --release`, and
`-m test -j4 test_gc test_weakref test_finalization test_threading
test_thread test_concurrent_futures test_os test_signal test_generators
test_io test_atexit test_sys` (test_interpreters module absent in this
tree, pre-existing). Also a 4-thread stress script hammering __del__
object creation against a concurrent gc.collect() loop for 10s, and a
threading+queue handoff dropping a __del__ object after cross-thread
transfer, both pass.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: general sys.modules fast path for vm.import

VirtualMachine::import always resolved and called builtins.__import__
(FuncArgs construction, native slot_call, ImportArgs::from_args, then
import_module_level) even when the module was already cached in
sys.modules. ~63 Rust stdlib call sites hit this on hot paths
(copyreg, pickle's reduce_newobj, warnings, asyncio, etc).

Add VirtualMachine::try_import_cached: for a plain absolute import
(level 0, empty from-list), if builtins.__import__ is still the
original import function (compared by identity against vm.import_func)
and the module -- or, for a dotted name, its top-level package -- is
already present and fully initialized in sys.modules, return it
directly, skipping the __import__ dispatch and import_module_level
entirely. Falls through to the existing slow path whenever the module
is uncached, still initializing, or __import__ has been overridden by
user code, so test_import/test_importlib/test_builtin overrides still
work.

Exposed import::is_module_initializing (refactored out of
import_ensure_initialized) so the fast path can check
__spec__._initializing the same way the slow path does.

Removes _asyncio's local fast_import_cached workaround (added in
cb2064f0e) now that vm.import itself has the same fast path generally.

Measured (interleaved A/B, 5 rounds, pickle.dumps of a plain object,
which hits copyreg import via reduce_newobj): ~2% wall-clock
improvement per call (baseline ~4.75s / 100k dumps vs ~4.66s
candidate), consistent across all rounds. Verified: overridden
__import__ still invoked, a replaced sys.modules is read through the
same accessor, and a self-importing/initializing module is not handed
out early -- all match baseline behavior.

test suite (test_import test_importlib test_builtin test_pkg
test_pkgutil test_runpy test_zipimport test_site test_warnings
test_copy test_pickle test_asyncio.test_tasks test_threaded_import
test_sys): 13/14 files pass; test_threaded_import fails identically on
baseline (ModuleNotFoundError, pre-existing, unrelated to this change).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* _asyncio: bypass generic context.run dispatch in task_eager_start

task_eager_start ran the first step via context.run(coro.send, None),
which builds a bound `send` method object and then re-enters the
generic Callable/FuncArgs dispatch just to invoke context.run's own
generic call. Since eager tasks in async_tree_eager complete almost
entirely synchronously (no event-loop scheduling needed), this
per-task dispatch overhead dominated. Enter/exit the native PyContext
directly and call coro.send via a single call_method instead,
falling back to the generic path for non-native Context subclasses.

async_tree_eager median: ~705ms -> ~697ms across 5 interleaved A/B
rounds (~1% eager-only win); async_tree (none) unaffected (noise-level
delta). test_asyncio (all files), test_weakref, test_weakset pass;
pre-existing test_contextvars module-not-found failure unchanged from
baseline.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: drop scopeguard::defer! from generator/coroutine resume hot path

resume_gen_frame restored owner/exc-slot/frame-chain state via a
scopeguard::defer! closure that ran on every exit (Ok, Err, or panic).
Since the closure's body is the function's only tail expression, a
plain captured result plus explicit cleanup (the same shape with_frame
already uses for the analogous call path) covers both normal exit
paths identically; only the recursion-depth decrement keeps a
scopeguard, matching with_frame's precedent that this codebase does
not otherwise guarantee generator/frame state consistency across a
Rust panic (panic=unwind is not used to implement any Python-level
control flow here).

Delegation-chain benchmark (chain.py, forwarding N values through a
yield-from chain) measures a small but consistent win: ~2-5% less
wall time per forwarded value at depths 1/4/16 across interleaved A/B
rounds. Single-generator create+finish cost is a wash.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: run generator bodies through the call trampoline

`Py<FrameObject>::resume` built its `ExecutingFrame` with
`tailcall_enabled: false`, because a `TailCall` result had nowhere to go:
the trampoline was reachable only from `run_frame_fast`, whose entry frame
lives on the data stack and can never yield. So every ordinary Python call
made from inside a generator or coroutine body re-entered `run_frame_fast`
recursively instead of being flattened.

Generalize the trampoline to drive a heap-resident entry frame whose
enter/exit bookkeeping belongs to its caller, and whose `Yield` is a valid
terminal result rather than a panic. `FrameKind` now says, per frame, what
the trampoline owes it: `Entry` (exit it, caller frees the storage),
`GenEntry` (`resume_gen_frame` linked it and will unlink it; a `Yield` is
the trampoline's result) or `Callee` (exit it and free its storage). The
three near-identical dispatch arms collapse into one `Step::Finished` /
`Step::Deliver` loop.

The suspended-frame stack moves onto the VM and is reused across
invocations: a generator body enters the trampoline once per resume, so a
`Vec::with_capacity(8)` there cost a malloc/free per yield (+27 ns/resume
when first measured). Invocations nest strictly LIFO, so each owns the
region above the length it finds on entry.

Neutral on its own — a generator body's first call was the only one not
already flattened, since the callee's own frame runs under the trampoline
either way. It is what lets SEND/FOR_ITER hand a generator frame to the
same loop. Measured (chain of `yield from`, 1-yield generator create+finish,
bm_generators, bm_coroutines, async_tree none/eager): within noise, except
generator create+finish 625 ns -> 603 ns.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: run a `yield from` chain in one eval loop

`SEND` on a suspended generator recursed: `Coro::send` -> `resume_gen_frame`
-> a fresh `ExecutingFrame::run` per level, and the value came back the same
way. Measured at ~55 ns per level of delegation, against CPython's ~5.8 ns.

Only about 5 ns of that is the resume bookkeeping itself (measured by
stubbing out the claim, the exception slot, the owner swap and the recursion
checks). The rest is what a delegating frame does per value: leave and
re-enter the eval loop, and dispatch `RESUME`, `JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT`,
`SEND` and `YIELD_VALUE` — four instructions that, in the canonical
`yield from` / `await` shape, only hand a value along.

So the trampoline now runs the chain itself. `SendGen` parks its frame and
returns `ExecutionResult::GenResume`; the trampoline claims and links the
sub-generator (`coroutine::flat_resume_enter`, the first half of what
`Coro::send` does around a resume) and runs its frame in the same loop. On
the way down, every frame it finds already suspended at a `yield from` whose
delegate can be resumed is parked without being run at all
(`yield_from_delegate`); on the way back up, a yielded value is re-yielded
for each such frame by parking its `lasti` past the `YIELD_VALUE`
(`park_after_yield_from`) instead of running it. A whole chain therefore
costs one claim/link/unlink per level and no instruction dispatch at all,
with `Py<FrameObject>::resume` extending the same treatment to the outermost
level, which is where `next()` and asyncio's task step enter a chain.

Each level is still claimed, linked and unlinked exactly as a recursive
`Coro::send` would, so `gi_running`, `f_back`, `gi_frame`, `gi_yieldfrom`,
`sys._getframe`, tracebacks, `throw`, `close`, PEP 479 and the
`RecursionError` depth are unchanged; `resume_gen_frame` and the flat path
share `gen_frame_link`/`gen_frame_unlink` and the invariants are documented
on `FlatResume`. Everything else keeps the recursive path: tracing or
monitoring on (both would see the skipped instructions), `throw`/`close`,
async generators, subclasses, non-generator iterators, `FOR_ITER`, a `SEND`
that is not a `yield from`, and a delegate that has not started or is not
itself delegating — the last two because one lone level costs more to hand
to the trampoline than to send into from the eval loop the caller is in.

Measured (median of 5, ns/value or seconds):

    chain of `yield from`, depth 16   911   -> 479   -47%
    chain of `yield from`, depth 4    212   -> 158   -26%
    bm_generators                     0.272 -> 0.187 -31%
    richards                          0.772 -> 0.771    ~0
    bm_coroutines                     0.0129 -> 0.0130 +0.8%
    async_tree none                   ~neutral
    chain depth 1 (no delegation)     81.1  -> 83.6  +3.1%
    fib(24), calls through trampoline 0.0180 -> 0.0183 +1.7%

Per level of delegation: 55.3 ns -> 26.4 ns (CPython 3.14: 5.8 ns).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: reset the oparg prefix when a signal unwinds a frame

An `EXTENDED_ARG` leaves its prefix in `arg_state` for the instruction that
follows it. The signal path in the eval loop unwinds to a handler and
`continue`s straight back to the top, skipping the loop's own
`arg_state.reset()`, so the handler's first instruction was decoded with the
interrupted instruction's prefix still applied. Every other path that jumps
somewhere new — the `set_f_lineno` restart just above — resets first.

Reachable whenever a signal arrives on the instruction right after an
`EXTENDED_ARG` in a frame that has a handler: a `KeyboardInterrupt` into a
`yield from` chain panicked with `InvalidBytecode` in roughly half of the
runs of a 16-deep chain, and now does not in ten out of ten.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* bytecode: fetch a code unit with one 16-bit acquire load

The dispatch loop read the opcode with an Acquire `AtomicU8` load and the
arg byte with a separate Relaxed one. The acquire load sits between the
two, so LLVM had to re-load `self.code` and `code.instructions` for the
second access: four extra instructions and two extra dependent loads on
the instruction-fetch path of every bytecode instruction.

`CodeUnits::read_unit` reads both bytes as a single aligned Acquire
`AtomicU16`, which pairs with `replace_op`'s Release store exactly as
`read_op` did. `CodeUnit` gains `align(2)` so the 16-bit access is
guaranteed aligned rather than relying on the allocator.

5.91 -> 5.76 ns/bytecode-instruction on a straight-line
LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST loop (-2.5%); range loop -2%.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: compute the cache-entry count after dispatch, not before

`op.cache_entries()` is a byte-table lookup used only to skip inline
cache units after an instruction falls through. Computing it before the
handler kept it live across the whole (very large) inlined match, so
every bytecode instruction paid an address materialization, the table
load, a stack spill and a reload of the count.

Moving it next to its only use lets it be computed on the fall-through
path with the value in a register.

Measured together with the following commit (the eval-breaker outline):
5.76 -> 5.55 ns/bytecode-instruction on a straight-line
LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST loop, range loop -1.5%, fib(27) -2.5%.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: move the eval-breaker body out of the dispatch loop

The eval-breaker check itself stays inline on the per-instruction path
(moving it off regresses badly), but everything it guards -- the
finalizing/main-thread check, stop-the-world suspend, the QSBR
checkpoint, signal delivery and the scheduled GC -- was inlined into the
loop body too. That code is never executed on the hot path yet its
address materializations and live values competed for registers with
every opcode handler, so the loop head spilled more than it needed to.

`eval_breaker_work` is `#[cold] #[inline(never)]`, leaving a single
`ldrb`/`cbz` pair inline for the common "nothing pending" case.

Measured with the preceding commit: 5.76 -> 5.55 ns/bytecode-instruction
on a straight-line LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST loop.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: always inline the eval stack push/pop primitives

`pop_value`, `pop_value_opt`, `top_value` and friends are a handful of
instructions each, but `ExecutingFrame::run` is ~50 KB of inlined opcode
handlers, so LLVM's inline budget refused them and emitted real calls:
STORE_FAST and POP_TOP each began with `bl ...pop_value`, which also
forced spills around the call. `#[inline(always)]` puts the four or five
instructions they actually are back into the handlers.

5.55 -> 5.29 ns/bytecode-instruction on a straight-line
LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST loop (-4.8%); nbody -3.5%, fib(27) -3.5%,
`s += i` loop -3.5%, `for _ in range(n)` -4%.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: carry the instruction fetch state in loop locals

Instruction fetch went through memory three times per bytecode
instruction: `self.lasti` (a pointer field) was re-loaded, the program
counter was stored to it and read back at the top of the next iteration,
and `self.code` -> `code.instructions` was re-loaded to address the code
unit. LLVM cannot keep any of them in registers because the handlers
write through `&mut self`, so the fetch chain started with a
store-to-load round trip followed by two dependent pointer loads.

`lasti_cell` and `instructions` are now copied into locals once (both are
plain shared references with the frame's lifetime), and the program
counter is carried in `idx`: after a handler that did not jump the next
index is already known from `lasti_before` plus the cache count. The
frame's `lasti` is still stored before every instruction, so tracebacks,
`f_lineno`, signals and `sys._getframe` see exactly what they did; only
the read-back is gone. The paths that unwind (signal, exception handler,
`set_f_lineno`) re-read it, since they jump to a new position.

Also collapses the eval-breaker `if`, which clippy flagged after the
previous commit moved its body out of line.

range loop -3.3%, richards -3.1%, nbody -2.9%, `s += i` loop -2.2%,
go -1.7%, raytrace -1.2%; mean -1.1% over the 13-benchmark set. The
straight-line LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST micro is unchanged at 5.28
ns/bytecode-instruction (it has no cache entries and never jumps, so it
was already the best case for the old code).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* bytecode: hoist the instruction array base out of the dispatch loop

Addressing a code unit still went `self.code` -> `code.instructions` ->
the `Box<[CodeUnit]>` data pointer on every instruction, two dependent
loads before the acquire load that fetches the unit itself, because the
handlers write through `&mut self` and LLVM has to assume the fields
could change.

The instruction array is allocated once when the code object is built
and never reallocated -- specialization rewrites units in place -- so
`CodeUnits::units_ptr` may be read once before the loop and reused.
`read_unit_from` is the same 16-bit acquire load taken from that base;
`read_unit` now delegates to it, and the index is unchecked exactly as
it was before.

nqueens -1.9%, raytrace -1.6%, range loop -1.3%, deltablue -1.1%,
nbody -0.8%, dispatch micro -0.7%; mean -0.7% over the 13-benchmark set.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* common: an immortal bit in the refcount word

Atomic reference counting is about a third of what a bytecode costs now
that the dispatch loop is trimmed: built `--no-default-features`, where
`PyAtomic` is a `Cell`, the straight-line dispatch micro runs at
3.5 ns/instruction against 5.4. Every `TO_BOOL`/`POP_JUMP_IF_*` pair and
every `None` or small-int push pays a relaxed `ldadd` and a `Release`
`ldaddl` on an object that can never die.

PEP 683's answer is to say so in the word. A fourth flag bit, `IMMORTAL`,
takes a bit from the strong count (leaving 60 on a 64-bit target, 28 on a
32-bit one, both far past what a program reaches); `make_immortal` sets it
and parks the count at CPython's `_Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT`, and `inc`,
`inc_by`, `dec` and `safe_inc` read the bit and return without touching
the counter. The parked count is what keeps the rest of the tree honest
without a special case: it is far too large for a `strong_count() == 1`
in-place-mutation fast path to fire on, and `start_gc_refs` already reads
a count that large as `GC_REACHABLE`, so an immortal object is a permanent
root that keeps its referents alive.

Two details pay for the branch the mortal path now runs, which cost 4% on
object-heavy benchmarks before they went in:

* `leak` sets `IMMORTAL` alongside `LEAKED`. An interned object could
  already never reach zero, so `dec` no longer needs the test it made on
  the result of the decrement: the immortal test at the top decides both.
* `inc`'s three exceptional cases — a destructed word, a count at the
  ceiling, a count at zero — fold into one comparison against the masked
  word, with the handling moved to a cold helper.

What is left is one instruction on `dec` and roughly nothing on `inc`, and
the mortal path measures at parity.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: make the singletons, small ints, interned strings and static types immortal

Everything the `Context` builds once and keeps — `None`, `True`, `False`,
`Ellipsis`, `NotImplemented`, the empty tuple, frozenset, bytes and str,
the -5..256 int cache and the interned one-character strings — is now
marked immortal, as is every static type object, which its `static_cell`
holds for the life of the process. So is every entry of the string pool:
`mark_intern` already stopped those refcounts from reaching zero, so
immortality frees no memory that would otherwise have been freed; it only
takes the atomic read-modify-write off every incref and decref of an
attribute name, a dict key or a docstring.

Straight-line dispatch micro (200 LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST pairs over cached
ints, median of 5 interleaved runs): 5.39 -> 4.01 ns/instruction, -26%.
A four-thread `if flag:` loop, where the contention on the shared bool was
real: 2.36 s -> 2.14 s, -10%.

pyperformance bench functions run standalone, medians of 5 interleaved
rounds against a matched build: fannkuch -7.8%, nqueens -3.8%, chaos
-3.0%, raytrace +1.0%, go +1.2%, richards +4.2%, nine of them together
-2.9%. Per-benchmark deltas under about 4% sit inside this tree's
build-to-build ThinLTO layout noise, which reaches that size between two
builds of identical source.

Observable: `sys.getrefcount` of an immortal object reports 4294967295,
CPython's `_Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT`, and stops moving — what
`test_sys.test_refcount` expects of `None`. `is_interned`, and the dict
pointer-equality key fast path behind it, keep answering from the separate
`LEAKED` bit.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* codecs: fast-path utf-8 decode, skipping the codec registry round trip

bytes.decode('utf-8') / str(bytes, 'utf-8', ...) always went through the
generic codec registry: a per-call attribute lookup for
_is_text_encoding, then a full call into the pure-Python
encodings.utf_8.decode wrapper, which called back into the native
utf_8_decode and unpacked a 2-tuple result.

CPython's PyUnicode_Decode special-cases a handful of built-in encoding
names (utf-8 among them) and decodes them directly, bypassing the codec
registry entirely -- a codecs.register() override does not affect
str(b"...", "utf-8") there either. This adds the same fast path here:
recognized utf-8 aliases go straight to the native decoder.

Measured with a pure-Python `str(bytes, 'utf-8', 'surrogatepass')` loop:
~723ns -> ~401ns per call (1.8x). On the pyperformance unpickle
benchmark (which decodes short strings this way for every
SHORT_BINUNICODE opcode): ~14.4ms -> ~13.2ms per loop, an ~8.3% win.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* codecs: fast-path utf-8/ascii/latin-1 encode and ascii/latin-1 decode

Extend the utf-8 decode fast path from 3fe684629 to the symmetric encode
direction (str.encode()/bytes(s, enc)), and add the same registry-skipping
fast path for ascii and latin-1 encode/decode, all of which are simple
native codecs.rs functions already. For utf-8 encode with no surrogates in
the string (the common case), encoding is just a copy of the string's
existing UTF-8 bytes, so that's the fastest path; strings containing
surrogates and non-strict error handlers still go through the native
encoder + ErrorsHandler, matching custom codecs.register_error handlers.

Measured (median of interleaved runs vs baseline, 2M iterations):
  str.encode("utf-8"):   351ns -> 195ns  (-44%)
  str.encode():          449ns -> 291ns  (-35%)
  bytes(s, "utf-8"):     542ns -> 382ns  (-30%)
  str.encode("ascii"):   436ns -> 302ns  (-31%)
  str.encode("latin-1"): 487ns -> 333ns  (-32%)
  bytes.decode("ascii"): 519ns -> 359ns  (-31%)
  bytes.decode("latin-1"):590ns -> 417ns (-29%)
  bytes.decode("utf-8")/str(b,"utf-8"): unchanged (already fast-pathed)

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: make the runtime safe for borrowed stack entries

`PyStackRef` has carried a borrow tag since the stack was unified with the
fastlocals, but only `LOAD_SMALL_INT` -- which borrows immortal `Context`
objects -- ever set it, so nothing in the runtime had to be right about
borrowed entries. Turning `LOAD_FAST_BORROW` into a real borrow makes three
places load-bearing, and this fixes them ahead of the switch.

`Traverse for PyStackRef` handed every entry to the tracer, borrowed ones
included. The cycle collector subtracts one from an object's `gc_refs` per
edge it is shown, so a borrowed entry -- which owns no strong count -- would
have pushed a live object's count to zero and freed it out from under the
frame. Borrowed entries are now skipped; nothing becomes unreachable, because
the fastlocals slot the entry borrows from is on the same traversal.

`park_after_yield_from` stands in for a `YIELD_VALUE` that never runs, so the
`promote_stack()` in that handler never ran either; it now promotes there too,
and the debug assertion after it stops being vacuous.

`STORE_FAST`, `DELETE_FAST` and the fused stores now call
`LocalsPlus::debug_audit_local_release`, which in debug builds panics if the
slot is about to drop the last count of an object a borrowed entry still
points at -- the one shape codegen's `optimize_load_fast` exists to prevent,
and the one that would be a use-after-free if the analysis or a modelled stack
effect were wrong.

`BORROW_LOCAL_LOADS` (off) is the switch for the borrow itself, and
`LOAD_FAST_BORROW`/`LOAD_FAST_BORROW_LOAD_FAST_BORROW` now go through
`push_local`, which is a plain clone while it is off. The invariant the switch
depends on is written out where `PyStackRef` is defined.

No measurable change: with the switch off the only behavioral difference is
the traversal fix, which no current bytecode can reach.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: read consumed stack entries in place instead of owning them

`pop_value()` turns whatever is on the stack into an owned `PyObjectRef`, so
an instruction that only reads its operand still pays a reference count round
trip -- and, once `LOAD_FAST_BORROW` starts pushing borrows, would pay an
atomic increment to promote a borrow it is about to throw away. This moves
every consumer that never needs ownership onto `pop_stackref()`, which hands
back the tagged entry and costs nothing for a borrow.

Discarding pops (62 of them, across the `LOAD_ATTR`, `TO_BOOL`, `BINARY_OP`,
`COMPARE_OP`, `CONTAINS_OP` and `CALL` specializations, which read their
operands through `top_value()`/`nth_value()` and then drop them) become
`pop_stackref()`. So do the read-only operands of `POP_TOP`, `POP_JUMP_IF_*`,
`TO_BOOL`, `BINARY_OP`, `COMPARE_OP`, `CONTAINS_OP`, `IS_OP`, `STORE_ATTR`,
`DELETE_ATTR`, `STORE_SUBSCR`, `DELETE_SUBSCR` and `UNPACK_SEQUENCE`.

Two protocol entry points had to move from an owned receiver to `&PyObject` to
make that reachable: `try_to_bool`, which never used the ownership it took,
and `rich_compare`, which forwards to the `&self` `_cmp` anyway. Both keep
working unchanged for `PyObjectRef` callers through deref.

`LOAD_ATTR`'s method specializations popped the receiver and pushed it
straight back below the bound function; they now move the entry across with
its tag intact, which is how CPython keeps a method call's receiver borrowed
from `LOAD_ATTR` all the way through `CALL`. The plain attribute read reads
through the receiver rather than owning it.

Neutral while `BORROW_LOCAL_LOADS` is off -- for an owned entry
`pop_stackref()` and `pop_value()` compile to the same thing.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: turn LOAD_FAST_BORROW into an actual borrow

`LOAD_FAST_BORROW` accounts for 21.5% of executed instructions on
nbody+richards+nqueens, and until now it did exactly what `LOAD_FAST` does:
an atomic increment on the way onto the stack and, from the instruction that
consumed it, an atomic release decrement on the way off. Neither is needed.
The fastlocals slot holds a count for as long as the entry is on the stack --
codegen's `optimize_load_fast` only rewrites a `LOAD_FAST` when it can prove
the entry is consumed before anything can release that slot -- so the entry
can be a borrow that owns nothing, which is what CPython 3.14 does with a
tagged `_PyStackRef`.

Flipping `BORROW_LOCAL_LOADS` on is the whole change; the two preceding
commits are what make it safe (cycle-collector traversal, yield-point
promotion, a debug audit of the invariant) and what make it pay (consumers
that read through the entry rather than promoting it back to owned).

Medians of 7 interleaved rounds, this machine, against the pre-series binary:

  straight-line while loop   6.32 -> 6.01 ns/instruction  (-5.0%)
  x = a + b loop             -6.3%      if flag: loop     -3.8%
  attribute-read loop        -5.2%      method-call loop  -3.3%
  subscript loop             -6.7%      fib(27)           -0.8%

  nbody   -2.6%   fannkuch -1.7%   nqueens  +1.3%   richards -3.0%
  deltablue -2.3% go       -3.0%   raytrace -1.7%   float    -3.2%
  chaos   -2.6%   spectral_norm -2.5%      mean     -2.1%

About half of that is the consumer rewrite alone (mean -1.0% with the switch
still off) and the rest is the borrow. nqueens is the one benchmark that goes
the other way, by less than the roughly 4% of build-to-build layout noise this
tree has, and it moves with the consumer rewrite rather than the switch.

Full suite green (418 files, 42,110 tests). A build with debug assertions on
runs the suite with no audit failure, and trips the audit exactly when
`LOAD_FAST` is forced to borrow in a shape codegen refuses to convert
(`f(x, (x := None))`). Adversarial scripts -- swap loops and reassignment
under `__del__` tracking, argument evaluation that deletes its sibling,
`a[a.pop()]`, closures over a rebound cell, generators dropped while
suspended, tracebacks whose `f_locals` are read after unwinding, `settrace`
writing `f_locals` mid-expression, a method receiver whose local is cleared
while the call is being built, `__add__`/`__lt__`/`__bool__` that clear the
local their operand came from, threads sharing objects through locals, and
`gc.collect()` from a finalizer -- all agree with CPython 3.13 under
`gc.set_threshold(1, 1, 1)`, in both builds.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: exact-dict fast path for DICT_MERGE and CALL_FUNCTION_EX kwargs

`g(**d)` on an exact dict compiled to BUILD_MAP+DICT_MERGE+CALL_FUNCTION_EX
and paid for two Python-level `keys()`/`__getitem__` round trips per key at
both the DICT_MERGE handler and collect_ex_args' iterate_mapping_keys, even
though the source is a plain dict. Add an exact-dict (downcast + type
check, so subclasses still go through the mapping protocol) fast path to
both sites that iterates entries natively via PyDict::items_vec, matching
CPython's PyDict_Check fast paths in PyDict_Merge / CALL_FUNCTION_EX.

Measured (1M calls, release build): g(**d) 1320ns -> 665ns, f(**d)
1470ns -> 900ns, c.m(**d) 1690ns -> 1135ns, f(x=1,**d) 1600ns -> 1035ns,
f(**d1,**d2) 1700ns -> 1013ns. bm_django_template ~7% faster,
bm_argparse (subparsers) ~7% faster.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: skip the recursion guard hashing exact ints inside a tuple

tuple.__hash__ hashed every element through PyObject::hash, which wraps
each call in with_recursion's native-stack-depth check. That guard exists
for elements whose hash can recurse into arbitrary Python code, but
int.__hash__ is a leaf computation - it can neither recurse nor call back
into Python - so the check is pure overhead for the overwhelmingly common
case of tuples of plain ints (e.g. namedtuple-shaped dict keys).

pyperformance's mdp benchmark builds huge tables keyed by tuples of deeply
nested namedtuples whose leaves are ints; profiling with `sample` showed
PyObject::hash/with_recursion/tuple's slot_hash dominating the CPU time.
Hashing exact-int elements directly via hash::hash_bigint cuts mdp's
wall time from ~6.79s to ~4.81s (median of 5 interleaved runs), about 29%
faster, with no change to hash values or recursion-guard behavior for any
other element type.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: wire slot descriptors from __slots__ into C-level type slots

Classes that put a dunder name (e.g. "__setitem__") into __slots__ get
a per-instance member descriptor for it, which is a legitimate way to
override a special method per-instance (chameleon's tal.RepeatDict does
exactly this). PyType::new_verbose ran init_slots() to compute
mp_ass_subscript/mp_subscript/etc. before these member descriptors were
added to the type's attribute namespace, so the slot lookup never saw
them and __setitem__/__getitem__ silently fell back to "does not
support item assignment".

Fix by calling update_slot for each dunder-shaped __slots__ member
right after it is installed on the type, mirroring what
type.__setattr__ already does for regular attribute updates.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* frame: stop allocating cold data to close a generator

`clear_locals_and_stack`, which runs whenever a generator or coroutine
comes to an end, reached for the frame's lazily-allocated `FrameColdData`
through `cold()`. That allocates it on first access, so every finishing
generator paid a `Box<FrameColdData>` malloc and free just to find
`f_extra_locals`, `f_locals_cache` and `f_overwritten_fast_locals` all
empty -- cold data is only ever populated by tracing and frame
introspection. Ask for it with `cold_opt()` instead and skip the three
reads when it was never allocated.

Medians of interleaved A/B runs, ns per generator create+finish over a
plain call: `for _ in g(): pass` 265 -> 231 (-13%), a coroutine that
completes synchronously 642 -> 617 (-4%), `sum(x for x in range(3))`
1033 -> 997 (-3.5%).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* function: bind exact args straight into a generator's frame

Calling a generator, coroutine or async generator function took the
general argument-binding path even when the call site was the simplest
possible one. `invoke_exact_args_slots` and the vectorcall fast path both
recognised the shape -- every parameter positional, filled exactly once
-- and then handed generator-like code back to `invoke()`, which built a
`FuncArgs` (a `Vec` plus an `IndexMap`) only for
`fill_locals_from_args_inner` to walk varargs packing, keyword matching
and defaults that this shape cannot reach.

Add `make_generator_exact_args`, the counterpart of
`prepare_exact_args_frame` for the one call shape it refuses: it builds
the heap frame the generator will own, moves the arguments straight into
its fastlocals and returns the generator. Both fast paths now use it. The
vectorcall one matters on its own for generator expressions, whose fresh
`MAKE_FUNCTION` on every evaluation keeps them out of the call-site
specialization that would otherwise catch them.

Medians of interleaved A/B runs, ns per create+finish over a plain call:
`for _ in g(): pass` 231 -> 218 (-6%), a synchronously-completing
coroutine 616 -> 598 (-3%), `sum(x for x in range(3))` 1007 -> 967 (-4%).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* frame: drain a dead frame in place instead of moving it out

Three allocations and a large move on the path a finishing generator
takes to release its frame.

`Traverse::clear` opened with `self.iframe.get_mut().take()`, moving the
whole `InterpreterFrame` -- a couple of hundred bytes -- out of its slot
and onto the stack, only to drop it there. Drain it through `as_mut()`
and empty the slot afterwards.

`LocalsPlus::clear_into` collected the evaluation stack into a `Vec` that
existed only to be extended into the caller's; push into that one
directly. And `clear_stack_and_cells` built (and dropped) a `Vec` for a
stack it had not looked at -- a frame that reached its `return`, which is
every generator that simply finished, left nothing there. Look first.

Medians of 5 interleaved rounds, ns per create+finish: `for _ in g():
pass` 307 -> 297 (-3.4%), a synchronously-completing coroutine 600 -> 585
(-2.5%), `list(g())` 565 -> 558; a plain call is unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: don't raise a TypeError to ask an iterator for its length

`length_hint_opt` opened with `iter.length()`, whose whole job on a type
with no length slot is to build the `TypeError` that says so -- which
this caller then catches, recognises and discards. Every iterator and
every generator takes that path, and `list()` calls it on whatever it is
handed, so a `list(gen)` paid for an exception object per call.
`length_opt` answers the same question with `None`. CPython's
`PyObject_LengthHint` gates the call on the slots for the same reason.

Median of 5 interleaved rounds: `list(g())` x200k for a 1-yield
generator 556 -> 407 ns (-27%). pyperformance generators, coroutines,
comprehensions and async_tree are unchanged, as are nqueens, richards
and chaos.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* gc: track a generator and its frame in one pass

Making a generator tracks two objects that are born together and die
together -- the generator and the frame it owns -- and each one took the
gen0 list lock and a thread-local read of the running interpreter for
itself. Give the pair one entry point: `PyGenerator`, `PyCoroutine` and
`PyAsyncGen` opt out of tracking at allocation, the way frames already
do, and `make_generator_or_coro` links both into gen0 under a single
lock, with one owner read and one collection check.

Medians of 5 interleaved rounds: pyperformance coroutines -2.5%,
generators -0.9%; `for _ in g(): pass` over a plain call 205 -> 200 ns.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* dict_inner: fast-path exact-int equality in key_eq

Mirrors CPython's lookdict: two exact `int` keys now compare by BigInt
value directly instead of going through the generic rich-compare
dispatch (identical_or_equal -> bool_eq -> rich_compare_bool -> __eq__
slot lookup). Falls back to bool_eq whenever either side isn't exactly
`int` (subclasses may override __eq__), so behavior is unchanged there.

Measured (min-of-6 rounds, 2M-iteration micros, this tree's build has
~4% layout noise so min is used as the noise floor):
- dict_int_lookup (`d[i]`, int keys): 70.9ns -> 62.0ns (-12.5%)
- dict_str_lookup / dict_tuple_lookup / set_str_contains: unchanged
  (within noise), confirming no regression on non-int keys.

pyperformance sanity checks (single round each, base vs candidate):
bm_mdp median ~5027ms/loop vs ~5003ms/loop (no regression, hashing
isn't the dominant cost there); bm_nqueens, bm_go, bm_deltablue,
bm_hexiom, bm_chaos all within ~1% (noise).

Hash/equality values cross-checked bit-identical against CPython 3.14
for 0, 1, -1, True, False, 2**61-1, 2**61, -(2**63), 2**100, -(2**100),
and int/float/bool/Decimal/Fraction(1) hash-equality invariants.

Also tried an exact-type fast dispatch in PyObject::hash (skipping the
slots.hash vtable call + with_recursion for exact int/str) - it only
moved hash_small_int/hash_large_int by ~2%, under the 3% bar, so it was
not committed.

Tests: `rustpython -m test -j4 test_hash test_int test_long test_tuple
test_dict test_set test_dictviews test_ordered_dict test_collections
test_fractions test_numeric_tower test_float test_bool test_str
test_userdict test_weakref` all pass (1796 run, 72 skipped). `cargo
test -p rustpython-vm --release -p rustpython-common` passes. clippy
clean on the touched lines.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: let the modulus type handle a three-argument pow

CPython's ternary dispatch offers the operation to the third operand's type
whenever its slot differs from the two already tried, including the case where
neither operand had one. The port required both of those slots to exist, so
`pow(10, 2, Decimal(7))` never reached `Decimal` and raised TypeError.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: add a feature-gated opcode-pair histogram

Counts `(prev_op, op)` in the dispatch loop and dumps the nonzero pairs at
exit, so superinstruction and specialization candidates can be ranked from
what pyperformance-shaped code actually dispatches rather than guessed at.

Entirely behind the non-default `opcode-histogram` feature: the module is
`#[cfg]`-ed out and the loop's two-line hook with it, so a default build is
byte-identical to one without the patch.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: let boolean producers run the branch that follows them

`TO_BOOL*`, `COMPARE_OP*`, `CONTAINS_OP*` and `IS_OP` materialised a bool
only for the `POP_JUMP_IF_*` one dispatch later to pop and test it, and the
compiler's `NOT_TAKEN` marker cost a third dispatch on the fall-through edge.
Generalise the `COMPARE_OP_INT`-only jump fusion so every boolean producer
resolves the jump itself, and step over `NOT_TAKEN` from there and from the
plain `POP_JUMP_IF_*` handlers. Both back off to ordinary dispatch when the
successor is an instrumented opcode or while tracing, so `sys.monitoring`
branch events and `sys.settrace` opcode events are unaffected.

Dispatches over 13 standalone pyperformance benchmarks: -5.0% total
(richards -11.7%, unpickle_pure_python -8.9%, sympy -8.4%, hexiom -8.1%,
django_template -7.1%, go -6.1%; nbody unchanged). Times, best of 7
interleaved rounds: deltablue -4.0%, hexiom -3.5%, go -3.4%,
unpickle_pure_python -3.3%, richards -3.2%, raytrace -3.0%, nqueens -1.9%,
geomean -1.0%; a branch-heavy microbenchmark -4.7% against a straight-line
control at 0%.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* Adapt yield-from resume to optional generator frames

Coro.frame is now PyAtomicRef<Option<FrameObject>>, so the flattened
resume path uses frame_opt/clear_except_code instead of a direct frame.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Fix clippy and cr_origin after try_to_bool/f_lineno changes

try_to_bool now takes &self, so drop the leftover clones. Derive
cr_origin lines from lasti instead of prev_line, and satisfy
-Dwarnings on the immortal-refcount and del_needed types.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Convert fd filenames without the os ToPyObject impl

host_env-free builds (sandbox check, wasm) do not compile os.rs, so
OsPathOrFd::filename cannot use Borrowed's ToPyObject. Use as_raw()
instead, which is the same conversion.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Gate fd path helpers on the host_env feature

WASM clippy builds rustpython-vm without host_env, so OsPathOrFd and
the fspath/fd helpers are unused and fail -Dwarnings.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Drop redundant pickle try_to_bool clones after rebase

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Document why enumerate keeps a Counter beside BigInt

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Move fd path helpers into ospath_fd under host_env

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Group threading eval-breaker bits in one module

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Make InterpreterFrame construction unsafe

run_iframe stays safe: a live frame already has valid identity pointers.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Move OsPathOrFd re-export to the top of ospath.rs

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

---------

Co-authored-by: Lee Dogeon <dev.moreal@gmail.com>
2026-09-20 00:32:26 +09:00
Joshua Megnauth 3c70a1ba58 Replace deprecated chrono with jiff (#8436)
See: chronotope/chrono#1768
2026-08-04 16:50:22 +09:00
강동안 e13bd1d9a6 Replace rust-timsort with an in-tree powersort (#8421)
* Add powersort implementation for list sorting

Add crates/vm/src/sorting.rs implementing Tim Peters' timsort with powersort's merge-ordering policy (CPython 3.11+): run detection, binary insertion for short runs, galloping merge (merge_lo/merge_hi), and power-based merge ordering (powerloop). Comparison is passed in as a fallible `is_lt` closure, so the algorithm stays generic over the element type and free of interpreter details.
Not yet wired into list.sort(); replaces rust-timsort in a follow-up.

* Use powersort for list.sort() and drop rust-timsort

Wire list sorting through crate::sorting::timsort and remove the
rust-timsort dependency. Fixes the O(N^2) behavior on random input
(1M random floats: ~16min -> ~0.8s), now within ~4x of CPython.

* Fix usize underflow in merge_hi Succeed path

* Fix clippy warnings and formatting in sorting.rs

* Drop redundant test_ prefixes in sorting tests

* Restore buffered elements when a comparison fails mid-merge

* Copy one run-A element per gallop round in merge_lo
2026-08-02 16:07:18 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 797d931f7a Complete rustpython-unicode isolation: case mapping, casing predicates, sre parity (#8237)
* Move str casing into rustpython-unicode::case and drop icu from vm

Add code-point simple mappings (simple_lowercase/uppercase/titlecase/fold),
casing predicates (is_lowercase/is_uppercase/is_titlecase/is_cased/
is_case_ignorable), and the string-level capitalize/title/swapcase/casefold
helpers to crates/unicode/src/case.rs, moving the titlecase segmentation and
final-sigma logic out of vm/builtins/str.rs verbatim. str.rs and anystr.rs now
call through the crate; the is_cased kernel takes plain fn(char)->bool
predicates instead of icu BinaryProperty generics.

Remove icu_casemap/icu_locale/icu_properties/writeable from crates/vm and the
now-unused VecFmtWriter helper. crates/unicode is the only workspace member
with a direct icu dependency. str.lower/upper keep using Wtf8::to_lowercase/
to_uppercase.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Route sre is_uni_space through unicode::classify::is_space

SRE_UNI_IS_SPACE is Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE. Replace the hand-rolled BMP code-point
list with classify::is_space, which is differential-tested against CPython. A
full-range sweep confirms the two agree on every code point.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use simple case mappings and the Cased property for sre IGNORECASE

lower_unicode/upper_unicode took the first char of the full case mapping, so
code points with a full mapping but no simple one were miscased (e.g.
upper_unicode('ß') returned 'S'). Route them through case::simple_lowercase/
simple_uppercase, matching Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER/TOUPPER.

_sre.unicode_iscased derived casedness from those mappings, which only held
while the full mapping was used; with simple mappings a cased code point that
maps to itself (e.g. the ſt/st ligatures, U+FB05/06) read as uncased and lost its
_casefix equivalence. Query the Cased property directly via case::is_cased.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Sweep casing predicates and simple lowercase mapping against CPython

Extend the differential harness to cover is_lowercase/is_uppercase/is_titlecase/
is_cased over the full scalar range, sourced from str.islower/isupper, the Lt
category, and _sre.unicode_iscased. Add a parallel sweep of the simple lowercase
mapping (Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER via _sre.unicode_tolower) with its own version-skew
allow-list; CPython exposes no simple-uppercase oracle, so toupper stays on the
SRE unit tests.

Record the U+0295 Ll->Lo recategorization (Unicode 16.0.0 -> 17.0.0) as a known
reverse-direction divergence so the skew regenerator still rejects genuine
regressions.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-08 19:18:44 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 210ccc889c Thread-safe type operations: type lock, QSBR type-cache reclamation, GC stop-the-world, and interpreter optimizations (#7416)
* type lock

* Drop old PyObjectRef outside type lock to prevent deadlock

Dropping values inside with_type_lock can trigger weakref callbacks,
which may access attributes (LOAD_ATTR specialization) and re-acquire
the non-reentrant type mutex, causing deadlock.

Return old values from lock closures so they drop after lock release.

* Align type lock behavior with CPython

* Add PUBLISHED flag bit to RefCount state word

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add QSBR module for deferred memory reclamation

Assisted-by: Claude

* Defer memory free of cache-published objects via QSBR

Assisted-by: Claude

* Wire QSBR checkpoints into thread lifecycle and eval breaker

Assisted-by: Claude

* Publish type-cache values to QSBR and bypass cache without a VM

Mark cached type-method values as QSBR-published before storing their
pointer in TYPE_CACHE, so racing readers never try-incref freed memory.
Debug-assert that the current thread is ATTACHED whenever a lock-free
cache read happens.

Delete find_name_in_mro_without_vm and its unsound direct SeqLock read
outside any VM/thread registration; find_name_in_mro now falls back to
the locked, uncached MRO walk when no VM is current. This also removes
assign_version_tag()'s last caller, so its unlocked fallback is deleted
along with it (version_for_specialization keeps the locked path).

VirtualMachine::initialize() runs Python bytecode (e.g. importing
codecs/encodings) before any enter_vm scope exists, which left the
bootstrap thread not ATTACHED for cache reads during startup. Add
thread::VmBootstrapGuard, an RAII counterpart to enter_vm usable across
statements that need &mut VirtualMachine, and wrap initialize() with it.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use try-incref reads and QSBR-backed swaps in specialization cache

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reset QSBR thread registry after fork in the child

Add Qsbr::reset_after_fork, which clears the registered thread slots
before draining the retire queue. Call it in py_os_after_fork_child,
right after type_cache_after_fork() and before
_thread::after_fork_child() re-registers the surviving thread.

Dead parent threads' Arc<QsbrSlot> handles live on in the child's
copied memory with no destructor ever running, so without this the
registry keeps them 'online' forever and future grace periods never
complete.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add threaded stress test for type cache mutation races

Assisted-by: Claude

* Restrict qsbr internals to pub(crate) and fix clippy lints

Downgrade pub items in the private qsbr::threading module (QsbrSlot,
Qsbr, QSBR, and its methods) to pub(crate), since they were never
reachable outside the crate. Downgrade ThreadSlot::qsbr accordingly to
avoid a private-interfaces warning. Import Arc/Weak from alloc instead
of std to match clippy::std_instead_of_alloc. Rewrite the process()
comment: goals are not strictly ordered by push order since advance()
and the queue push aren't atomic together, so concurrent free_delayed
calls can interleave; the drained prefix stays sound because each item
individually passed poll, with reordering only affecting reclamation
latency.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gate per-instruction QSBR check behind a global pending flag

eval_breaker_tripped() and check_signals() called
thread::qsbr_break_requested() on every bytecode instruction, which
does a thread-local lookup, RefCell borrow, and atomic load even when
no QSBR retirement is pending. This caused a measured 10-18% slowdown
on tight interpreter loops.

Add Qsbr::pending, a global AtomicBool set under the queue lock while
free_delayed() holds a retired allocation, and cleared under the same
lock by process()/drain_all() once the queue empties. The hot path now
checks Qsbr::break_pending() (a single relaxed static load) before
touching thread-local state, and only pays the TLS cost while a
retirement is actually in flight.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Merge signal and QSBR eval-breaker flags into one atomic word

Replace the separate ANY_TRIGGERED AtomicBool and QSBR pending
AtomicBool checks in the per-instruction eval-breaker path with a
single AtomicU8 (EVAL_BREAKER) holding a bit per source. The global
QSBR instance mirrors its pending state into the QSBR bit under the
same queue-lock critical sections that already toggle pending, while
local QSBR instances used by unit tests are left untouched.

eval_breaker_tripped() and check_signals() now read/act on the merged
word (eval_breaker_pending(), qsbr_bit_set()) instead of issuing two
separate atomic loads per instruction. set_triggered() switches from
store to fetch_or so a signal handler never clobbers the QSBR bit.

Removed the now-unreferenced is_triggered() helper; break_pending()
is kept for unit tests only and marked allow(dead_code) outside test
builds.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip freelist reuse for published objects in default_dealloc

Freelist-eligible payloads (tuple, int, list, dict, float, ...) were
routed to T::freelist_push before ever reaching PyInner::dealloc, so a
published object (e.g. a tuple cached as a type attribute) bypassed the
is_published -> free_delayed QSBR hook entirely. That let PyRef::new_ref
reuse the slot and rewrite the refcount word with a non-atomic
core::ptr::write racing a reader's atomic try-incref, and let
FreeList::drop call alloc::dealloc directly while a reader could still
be mid-read.

Gate the freelist branch in default_dealloc on
RefCount::is_published(), checked before any teardown. A published
object now always falls through to PyInner::dealloc, whose existing
hook defers the memory free via QSBR.

Document the non-unix (e.g. Windows) reclamation-latency limitation in
the QSBR design doc's Lifecycle integration section (previously only
noted in a code comment in vm/thread.rs).

Extend the type-cache stress test so the mutator also churns a
freelist-eligible published tuple class attribute (C.shape), read by
readers each inner loop and deleted on the same cadence as C.m, to
exercise the fixed bypass.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use itoa for PyInt::to_str_radix_10 i64 fast path

Format small integers with itoa::Buffer instead of i64::to_string()
in PyInt::to_str_radix_10(), which backs both str(int)/repr(int) for
exact int and PyObject::str()'s exact-int fast path. Adds the itoa
crate as a workspace dependency.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Make object attribute dunders wrapper descriptors

Remove the __getattribute__, __setattr__ and __delattr__ #[pymethod]s
from PyBaseObject so add_operators installs PyWrapper slot wrappers for
them from the #[pyslot] functions instead of method descriptors.

lookup_slot_in_mro now classifies these entries as NativeSlot, so heap
types without Python-level overrides keep the native getattro/setattro
slot functions, which lets LOAD_ATTR/STORE_ATTR specialization apply to
instances of Python-defined classes.

Since __setattr__ and __delattr__ share the setattro slot, resolve both
names together in update_one_slot: overriding only one of them no longer
lets the other name's native resolution overwrite the dispatching
wrapper.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Resolve TpSetattro pair on attribute deletion, not just addition

update_one_slot's TpSetattro branch only ran the combined
__setattr__/__delattr__ resolution (added in the previous commit) when
ADD was true. On deletion (e.g. del C.__setattr__), it fell back to
inherit_from_mro, which copies the base class's slot and discards the
class's own remaining Python-level override of the other name.

lookup_slot_in_mro reads the current attribute dicts, so the same
resolution is correct for both addition and deletion; the ADD-only
guard is removed and the logic now always runs.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Generate Opcode::cache_entries/deopt as table lookups

generate_rs_opcode_metadata.py now emits a 256-entry const array for
each function instead of a chained match over opcode names.
Opcode::deopt() indexes an [Option<Opcode>; 256] table built from the
existing specialization-to-base mapping, and Opcode::cache_entries()
indexes a [u8; 256] table that bakes in the same deopt/to_base
composition deoptimize() previously performed before its own match.
Regenerated opcode_metadata.rs from the updated script; PseudoOpcode's
bodies are unchanged since it has no cache/deopt entries to table.

Added an exhaustive test in instruction.rs that checks every valid u8
opcode against a frozen copy of the old chained-match bodies.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Make Opcode/Instruction numeric conversions O(1)

Opcode::as_numeric, Opcode::as_instruction and Instruction::as_opcode
were each a per-variant match over ~230 arms in the define_opcodes!
macro. Opcode now carries the same explicit $op_id discriminants and
#[repr($typ)] as Instruction, which makes the conversions sound as:

- Opcode::as_numeric: a plain `self as $typ` identity cast.
- Opcode::as_instruction / Instruction::as_opcode: a mem::transmute,
  relying on both enums sharing one-$typ-wide layout (Instruction's
  payload fields are all the zero-sized Arg<T> marker, checked by a
  new per-instantiation size_of assertion).

try_from_numeric is left as a match: $op_id values have gaps
(specialized/instrumented opcode ranges), so a range check can't
replace it.

Adds #[inline] to the rewritten conversions plus deoptimize, and to
the small generated wrapper/table-lookup functions from the previous
opcode-metadata change (as_u8/as_u16, cache_entries, deopt, to_base)
via generate_rs_opcode_metadata.py, then regenerates
opcode_metadata.rs.

Extends the instruction.rs equivalence-test pattern with two
exhaustive tests (u8 and u16 instantiations) checking the new
identity-cast/transmute conversions against the untouched
try_from_numeric/TryFrom paths.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Pop CallIsinstance arguments directly instead of collecting into Vecs

The specialized handler built two heap-allocated Vecs per call
(pop_multiple().collect() plus a with_capacity(2) buffer) before
invoking is_instance. Pop the class and instance straight off the
stack for the effective two-argument case, removing the per-call
allocations.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Inherit tp_new instead of always installing new_wrapper

update_one_slot's TpNew branch stored new_wrapper for every ADD, so all
heap types had slots.new == new_wrapper and the CallAllocAndEnterInit
specialization never fired. Now __new__ is resolved through the MRO
dicts: an own or Python-level definition installs new_wrapper, while a
builtin __new__ entry (or none) inherits slots.new from the solid base.

The now-reachable CallAllocAndEnterInit path gains the missing guards:
the specializer requires co_argcount == oparg + 1 (via
can_specialize_call) and rejects generator-like __init__, and the
handler re-checks the argcount against the class-level init cache.
Without the argcount check, __init__ defaults broke re._parser
(UnboundLocalError in SubPattern.__init__). Remove the now-unused
is_simple_for_call_specialization.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip locals dict allocation for the init-cleanup shim frame

Mark the shim code object NEWLOCALS and create the shim frame with no
locals mapping so FrameLocals::lazy() is used. The shim only executes
ExitInitCheck/ReturnValue and never touches locals, so this removes one
dict allocation per specialized instantiation.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Guard CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT with cached function version

The init specialization cache stored only the type version, so swapping
__init__.__code__ (which zeroes func_version) did not deopt the warmed
call site and stale code assumptions (argcount shape, no varargs/kwonly,
not a generator) were applied to the new code object.

Store get_version_for_current_state() in the specialization cache when
caching __init__ and re-check func_version() in the handler before using
the cached function, deopting to the generic call path on mismatch, the
same way the getitem specialization cache does.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply rustfmt and ruff-format fixes to files from earlier commits

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add frame object freelist

Frame.iframe becomes FrameUnsafeCell<Option<InterpreterFrame>> so a dead
frame can be left as an empty husk. Traverse::clear extracts all owned
child references (including localsplus values via LocalsPlus::clear_into)
and empties the cell. Dead frame allocations are cached in a thread-local
FreeList<Frame> (up to 200 entries) and reused by PyRef::new_ref.

clear_generator returns early when the frame was already cleared by cycle
collection; generator drops can run after tp_clear of their frame.

gc: skip tp_clear for objects saved to gc.garbage by DEBUG_SAVEALL, since
they remain reachable from Python.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Drop frame children directly in tp_clear instead of extracting

Pushing the frame's ~10 child references into the clear buffer grew a
Vec on every frame deallocation. Take the interpreter frame out of the
cell and drop it in place; LocalsPlus::clear_into is removed.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Untrack objects before tp_clear and guard cross-thread f_locals

The cycle collector called tp_clear on unreachable objects while they
were still linked into the GC generation lists, so another thread could
obtain a strong reference to an already-cleared object (e.g. a frame
husk with iframe == None) via gc.get_objects() and access the cleared
payload. Untrack the dead set before the clear phase, mirroring the
untrack-then-clear ordering of the refcount dealloc path.

Objects that gained an external reference before untracking are found
by comparing each object's strong count against the references coming
from within the dead set; such late-resurrected objects and everything
reachable from them are re-tracked and skipped, letting a later
collection retry once the external references are released.

Also reject f_locals access for a frame currently executing on another
thread. Reading fastlocals of such a frame races with the executing
thread overwriting the slots (torn reads of dropped values). Access
from the executing thread itself (locals(), trace callbacks) is still
allowed via the current-frame chain check.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip localsplus heap copy for uniquely referenced dying frames

release_datastack_frame now checks the frame's strong count after
untracking it from the GC generation lists. When the caller holds the
only reference, localsplus values are dropped in place and the data
stack storage is released without the heap copy; escaped frames
(traceback, sys._getframe, trace callbacks) keep the copy path.
The three inline materialize+pop call sites in function.rs are routed
through release_datastack_frame.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Stage exact-args call arguments in stack slot buffers

CallPyExactArgs, CallBoundMethodExactArgs and CallAllocAndEnterInit no
longer collect popped arguments into a per-call Vec (plus a second Vec
for self-prepending). Arguments are popped into a fixed-size
Option<PyObjectRef> slot buffer (CallArgBuffer, 8 inline slots, heap
fallback for larger arities) and moved into fastlocals via the new
invoke_exact_args_slots / a take() iterator.

- prepare_exact_args_frame now accepts an ExactSizeIterator of args
- specialization_run_init_cleanup_shim takes the slot buffer and fills
  slot 0 with new_obj, dropping one redundant clone
- LoadAttrGetattributeOverridden, LoadAttrProperty and
  BinaryOpSubscrGetitem pass inline slot arrays instead of vec![]

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reduce allocations in generic call paths

- FuncArgs::prepend_arg: use reserve instead of reserve_exact so
  exact-capacity vectors do not realloc on every prepend.
- IntoFuncArgs::into_method_args: build the final args vec once with
  capacity len + 1 instead of prepending into a full vector.
- PyType::call: skip cloning FuncArgs when no init slot can run after
  slot_new (no init slot, not `type`, and slot_new is not new_wrapper).

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip redundant exc_info restore on frame exit

with_frame_impl saves the current exc_info slot value and restores it
when the frame exits. When the slot still holds the same value, the
restore rewrites the slot and recomputes the thread-exception mirror
for no effect. Add restore_exception, which compares the slot against
the saved value by pointer identity and skips the store when they
match. The saved value is a strong reference held for the whole frame
scope, so the pointed-to object cannot be freed and its address reused
while the frame runs, making the pointer comparison free of ABA.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply rustfmt to gc_state.rs

Assisted-by: Claude

* Avoid empty FuncArgs clone in PyType::call

Cloning args for the init call clones the kwargs map even when args is
empty, which shows up in no-argument instantiation profiles. Prepare
the init-call args before slot_new: a default FuncArgs when args is
empty (indistinguishable from a clone of empty args), the existing
clone otherwise. The empty check also keeps the init-slot load of the
clone-elision path off the no-argument call path.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Push freelist husks only after tp_clear and child drops

default_dealloc pushed the object onto the thread-local freelist before
running clear_fn. Payloads that drop children inside clear (Frame) can
run __del__ there, and a reentrant allocation could pop the husk and
overwrite its payload while clear_fn still held a &mut borrow of it.
Tuples had the same window through the extracted-edges drop, which ran
after the push.

Reorder default_dealloc to clear, drop the extracted children, and only
then attempt the freelist push, so the husk becomes reusable only when
no borrows into the payload remain.

The tuple freelist bucketed husks by element count, which required
reading the payload during push; after this reordering the elements are
already cleared. PyInner<PyTuple> is a fixed-size allocation (the
elements box is dropped and replaced on reuse), so replace the per-size
buckets with the shared single-list FreeList. Remove the now-unused
pyinner_layout helper.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Resolve __set__ and __delete__ together for the descr_set slot

The descr_set slot serves both __set__ and __delete__, but the
TpDescrSet accessor resolved only the single modified name and fell
back to MRO inheritance on delete. Deleting one of the pair could
disable the surviving operation: after `del D.__set__`, an instance
delete stopped calling the remaining __delete__.

Resolve both names together like the TpSetattro accessor does: any
Python-level definition selects the dispatching wrapper, matching
native functions are stored directly, a single native function with
the other name absent is stored directly, and the slot is inherited
from the MRO only when neither name resolves.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Update type base on __bases__ assignment

set_bases replaced bases and mro but never updated the stored base, so
__base__ kept reporting the old value after reassignment and slot
resolution (tp_new inheritance, set_new/set_alloc during init_slots)
read the stale solid base.

Change the base field to PyAtomicRef<Option<PyType>> so it can be
swapped under the type lock while remaining lock-free for readers, and
recompute it in set_bases with the same best_base validation type
creation uses (BASETYPE flag, instance layout conflict among bases).
The swapped-out base is parked in the frame's temporary refs; other
references released inside the critical section are dropped after the
lock is released.

Also in set_bases:
- remove this class from the old bases' subclass lists (pruning dead
  entries), so repeated assignment no longer accumulates duplicates
- roll back bases, base, and all updated mros when the recursive mro
  update fails, instead of leaving the type half-reparented
- fix the misformatted empty-tuple error message

Remove the expectedFailure marker from test_unsubclassable_types,
which now passes.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix rollback order, dead weakrefs, and lock-held drops in set_bases

- Restore recorded mros in reverse on rollback so a class visited
  multiple times through diamond inheritance ends with its original
  mro instead of an intermediate one.
- Skip dead weakrefs in the subclass list during the recursive mro
  update instead of panicking on upgrade.
- Retire the replaced mros on the success path instead of dropping
  them while the type lock is held.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reify number sub-slot wrapper once in update_one_slot

The update_sub_slot! macro expanded the Python-method wrapper closure at
both the own and inherited store sites. Each expansion is a distinct fn
item, so a base and a non-overriding subclass stored wrappers with
distinct addresses in unmerged debug builds. binary_op1 compares slot fn
addresses to detect whether a subclass overrides the operator, so the
inherited slot was misread as an override and C() // E() dispatched to
__rfloordiv__ instead of __floordiv__.

Bind the wrapper store in a single closure and call it from both branches
so the fn item is reified once and the slot value stays identical across
a base and its subclasses. Document the conservative-on-mismatch nature
of the new_wrapper address guard in call_wrapped.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Restrict type_cache_after_fork visibility and guard type-cache reads

type_cache_after_fork is only called from within the crate, so mark it
pub(crate) to resolve the unreachable-pub warning.

Add debug_assert_current_thread_attached at the has_name_in_mro lock-free
type-cache read site, matching lookup_ref_and_version_interned, and gate
the function on debug_assertions so it is not compiled unused in release
builds where the call sites are elided.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Guard BinaryOpSubscrGetitem with the cached type version

The specialized BINARY_OP_SUBSCR_GETITEM handler used the cached
__getitem__ after checking only the function version, unlike the sibling
specialized handlers which revalidate the type version tag first.

Store the type version in the inline cache at specialization time and
revalidate owner.class().tp_version_tag against it before using the cached
function, deopting to the generic subscript path on mismatch.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Call __abstractmethods__ __len__ once in object.__new__

The abstract-method check invoked the user-visible __len__ twice: once via
length_opt for the count and again while materializing the method names.
Derive the count from the materialized list instead, so __len__ runs once.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use i64 fast paths for specialized int add/sub/mul

Rewrite execute_binary_op_int to box results through new_int via i64
checked arithmetic instead of raw BigInt ops with new_bigint. Add an
int_mul helper and a shared int_fast_op that computes the i64 result and
falls back to the BigInt operation on to_i64 or checked-op failure.

Wire int_mul into both the specialized BinaryOpMultiplyInt handler and
the generic execute_bin_op Multiply/InplaceMultiply path, gated on exact
int operands so subclasses keep dispatching through _mul/_imul.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use i64 fast paths for exact int floordiv and remainder

Add floordiv_i64/mod_i64 computing i64 floor-division and divisor-signed
remainder, guarding zero divisor and i64::MIN overflow by returning None.
Wire them through int_floordiv/int_mod (shared int_div_fast_op boxes via
new_int) into the generic execute_bin_op FloorDivide/Remainder and their
Inplace variants, gated on exact int operands so subclasses and zero
divisors fall through to the existing _floordiv/_mod/_ifloordiv/_imod
slow path.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip trashcan and untrack for non-GC-tracked objects in dealloc

default_dealloc read is_gc_tracked() only to decide untracking, and
entered the trashcan recursion guard unconditionally. Non-GC objects
(int, float, str, ...) own no child references that recurse during
deallocation, so they need neither the trashcan nor untracking. Read
is_gc_tracked() once and gate both trashcan begin/end and untrack on it,
removing three thread-local accesses per non-GC object deallocation.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Merge trashcan depth and defer queue into one thread-local struct

trashcan::end accessed two separate thread-locals (DEALLOC_DEPTH and
DEALLOC_QUEUE) at the outermost deallocation. Combine both into a single
`Trashcan` thread-local holding Cell-based depth and queue fields, so
begin and end each reach their state through one thread-local access.
The queue is set back before each deferred dealloc call so reentrant
begin/end during draining never holds an outstanding borrow.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Check object layout compatibility on __bases__ and __class__ assignment

Add a shared compatible_for_assignment helper that walks each type to the
base that fixes its instance layout and rejects the assignment when the old
and new layouts differ (basicsize, itemsize, member count, __dict__,
__weakref__, and __slots__ names). Wire it into set_bases, which previously
performed no layout check, and replace the inline check in __class__
assignment, which compared the two types directly and over-rejected a
subclass that adds no layout.

Enable test_descr.test_builtin_bases, which the new set_bases check passes.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Stop the world around GC pointer-reading phases

The cycle collector reads each tracked object's interpreter state during
reference subtraction, the reachability walk and the strong-reference
snapshot, including the localsplus of frames other threads are executing.
Those slots are written without synchronization, so the reads are a data
race under threading.

collect_inner now stops the world before taking the generation read locks
and restarts it after the strong-reference snapshot, before the
finalizer/weakref/tp_clear phases. A debug assertion checks that no frame
on any thread's call stack was classified unreachable.

Automatic collections from maybe_collect are deferred to the next bytecode
safepoint via a new eval-breaker GC bit instead of running synchronously:
a synchronous collection can hold an internal lock (e.g. the lazy frame
locals cell) that another thread is blocked on with no way to reach a
safepoint, deadlocking the stop.

Hardens the stop-the-world machinery for these frequent, concurrent GC
stops: attach_thread now honors a pending stop after re-attaching so a
thread doing rapid allow_threads calls cannot run past the requester;
stop_the_world completion is level-triggered on all-threads-suspended
rather than an edge-triggered countdown; and the thread-start started/ready
handshakes detach while waiting so the waiter is parkable.

Updates the Frame and PyRwLock/PyMutex traversal SAFETY comments to state
the actual invariant.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add threaded GC vs executing-frame stress snippet

Workers churn frame state (recursion, generators, frame cycles) while a
collector loops gc.collect() and an introspector walks live frame objects.
Exercises the stop-the-world barrier around GC traversal.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Serialize fork and GC stop-the-world requesters

fork() (posix before/after-fork) and the cycle collector both drive the
single StopTheWorldState. With no mutual exclusion their requester word and
suspension countdown could interleave and be clobbered, so the completion
check never converged and a requester waited on itself forever (reproducible
parent-side hang when forking with GC enabled).

Add one exclusion held for the whole stop->start span of either requester:
stop_the_world acquires it before any stop bookkeeping and
start_the_world/reset_after_fork release it. The acquire is park-friendly
(poll try-lock and honor a pending suspend between tries) so a requester
blocked behind an active stop can still be force-parked instead of deadlocking
the active requester. The acquirer holds no other lock while spinning.

Also correct the PyRwLock traverse SAFETY note: a failed try_read may mean a
force-parked thread holds the write lock; skipping is safe because
under-traversal only over-approximates liveness. Document the residual
gc.collect()-under-a-non-generation-lock exposure at the collect_inner barrier.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add fork under concurrent GC stop-the-world snippet

Worker threads allocate cyclic garbage with GC enabled while the main thread
forks repeatedly and each child collects. Exercises the fork/GC
stop-the-world exclusion; the allocation rate is throttled so a collection
stays cheap in unoptimized builds.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Detach while acquiring the import lock

The global import lock is held across bytecode by the importlib bootstrap,
so its holder can be parked at a safepoint mid-hold. Acquiring it while
attached let another thread block attached on the lock, so a stop-the-world
requester could wait forever for that attached thread to suspend while the
holder stayed parked.

Wrap IMP_LOCK acquisition in allow_threads in both _imp.acquire_lock and the
pre-fork acquire_imp_lock_for_fork so the wait honors stop-the-world requests.
Correct the acquire_exclusion comment: a spinning requester may hold IMP_LOCK
(fork) or the collecting mutex (GC); safety relies on those never being
acquired attached-blocking by another thread.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add concurrent-import vs GC deadlock snippet

Two threads re-import modules (contending the import lock) while a third
storms the cycle collector and a fourth allocates cyclic garbage. Regressed
as a hang before the import lock acquisition was made park-friendly.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Create call frames untracked and track generators explicitly

Add PyPayload::NEW_REF_UNTRACKED (default false, true for Frame) so
PyRef::new_ref skips auto-tracking ordinary call frames in the GC.
Generator/coroutine/async-generator frames are tracked explicitly in
invoke_with_locals before their generator back-reference is installed.
run_frame debug-asserts that a datastack frame is untracked on entry.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Track escaped call frames lazily at datastack release

Rewrite release_datastack_frame around the invariant that a datastack
frame is never GC-tracked while it runs: strong_count() == 1 means the
frame never escaped, so drop localsplus in place without touching the
GC; strong_count() > 1 means it escaped, so materialize localsplus onto
the heap and then track the frame. This removes the untrack and the
untrack-recheck dance from the common non-escaping path.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Guard the tracked-frame localsplus invariant

Document at Frame::traverse that references to a frame are always
recorded as graph edges, so the collector reads a frame's localsplus
only when the frame is itself a tracked candidate. Add debug assertions
at both frame track sites (escaped datastack frames and generator
frames) that a frame is heap-backed before it is tracked, so a collector
never reads data-stack-resident, still-mutating storage.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reword frame/dealloc invariant comments and drop needless borrow

- frame.rs: replace the task codename in the tracked-frame localsplus
  invariant comment with a description of the collector-vs-executing-frame
  behavior.
- object.rs: remove needless borrow on current_cls in the __class__
  assignment compatibility check.
- core.rs: rewrite the default_dealloc trashcan/untrack-skip comment to
  state the actual invariant, which now covers untracked non-escaped
  frames releasing at interpreter depth with bounded recursion.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Move type SetAttr slot rewrite inside the type lock and tighten cache reads

Run update_slot inside the same with_type_lock transaction as
modified_inner and the attributes dict mutation, so the version
invalidation, dict change, and slot-table rewrite are published together.

Load init_version and getitem_version with Acquire in the specialization
cache readers to pair with the Release stores in the writers.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Capture the type version before reading mutable slots in specializers

specialize_load_attr, specialize_store_attr, specialize_to_bool, and the
CallAllocAndEnterInit path of specialize_call read the version tag with
version_for_specialization before inspecting getattro, setattro, the
bool/len slots, and tp_new/tp_alloc, so a concurrent install of the
corresponding dunder invalidates the version the specialization is cached
against.

In the BinaryOpSubscr __getitem__ path, check the HEAPTYPE and
eval-frame gates before lookup_ref_and_version_interned, which takes the
global type lock and may allocate a version tag.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use _get_method_dict for the test_type check in the test runner

Replace the direct __func__.__dict__ access with the _get_method_dict
helper so plain functions without __func__ do not raise AttributeError.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix lint hooks: cspell dictionary entries, spelling fix, formatting

Add qsbr to the rustpython dictionary and reborrows/reparenting to
the top-level word list. Rename oldto/newto locals to old_to/new_to.
Fix Stabilise -> Stabilize typo in a frame.rs comment.
Apply cargo fmt to object.rs, type.rs, and frame.rs, and ruff
format/check fixes to two extra_tests snippet files.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Rebuild all slots for type and descendants on __bases__ reassignment

Add PyType::update_all_slots, which invalidates version tags and iterates
the full SLOT_DEFS name table calling update_slot::<true> for each distinct
name. Unlike init_slots, which is additive and driven only by dunder names
present in the current MRO, this resets a slot whose method left the MRO
instead of leaving a stale dispatcher pointer.

Call it from set_bases in place of the previous modified_inner + init_slots
pair, so reassigning __bases__ rebuilds slots for the type and every
descendant.

Add extra_tests/snippets/type_bases_slot_rebuild.py covering removed-method
resets on zelf and deep descendants, the wrong-target switch, __getattr__,
the added-method mirror, and a swap-away-and-back round trip.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Derive the thread-local frame stack from the frame chain

Remove the per-VM `frames` Vec. current_frame, sys._getframe,
sys._getframemodulename, frame.f_back, sys.monitoring re-instrumentation,
gc.get_referrers, faulthandler stack dumps and the post-fork slot rebuild
now walk the signal-safe CURRENT_FRAME/`previous` chain instead. Add
`Py::from_payload_ptr` to recover a frame object from a chain pointer.

The cross-thread `ThreadSlot::frames` registry (sys._current_frames,
cross-thread f_back, GC stop-the-world assertion) is unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Inherit sub-slot fallback into the field being resolved

update_one_slot's number/sequence/mapping fallback inherited via the
accessor's default field. Left and right binary ops (add/right_add)
share one accessor but occupy distinct fields, so resolving an absent
right op or deleting it reset the left op's field, dropping a
still-defined __add__ dispatcher. Inherit the exact field under
resolution instead.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gate type_cache_after_fork to its fork caller and use Self in downcast

type_cache_after_fork is only called from the unix fork path, so gate it
with all(feature = "host_env", unix) to match the caller and avoid a
dead-code error on non-unix targets. Replace the explicit PyType with Self
in the modified_inner downcast.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Unmark test_attr and test_method_call_error in test_monitoring

Both TestLoadSuperAttr tests now pass; remove their expectedFailure markers.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Run tp_new specialization __init__ without a trampoline frame

CallAllocAndEnterInit ran __init__ inside a synthetic init-cleanup shim
frame whose code carried the __init__ name. Since the thread frame stack
is derived from the frame chain, that shim frame was visible to
sys._getframe, f_back walks, traceback construction and inspect.stack /
inspect.trace. Its code object has empty co_positions, so a stack walk
that reached it raised StopIteration inside inspect._get_code_position,
cascading into unrelated failures (test_inspect trace/stack/frame,
asyncio source traceback).

Call __init__ directly via run_frame, enforce the __init__() should
return None contract inline, and drop the shim: the init-cleanup code
object, its builder, with_frame_untraced, monitoring_disabled_for_code,
and the extra-frame datastack/recursion budget. Removing the second
frame per construction also cuts the specialization's per-call cost.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Replace per-call thread-frame mutex with an atomic top-of-stack (unix)

On unix threading builds, publish each thread's top Python frame in a
single relaxed AtomicPtr store from set_current_frame instead of pushing
onto a parking_lot::Mutex<Vec<FramePtr>> per call. Cross-thread readers
(sys._current_frames, cross-thread f_back, faulthandler.dump_traceback,
the GC unreachable debug-assert) run under stop-the-world and walk the
published top frame down the Frame::previous chain; the owning thread is
then parked at a safepoint, so the pointer and the frames it reaches are
quiescent and alive. The faulthandler watchdog is a plain OS thread that
cannot stop-the-world, so it walks the chain lock-free and best-effort.

Non-unix threading builds have no stop-the-world and keep the existing
mutex-guarded frame stack unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip exc_info save/restore for callees that never touch the slot

with_frame saves and restores the shared exc_info slot around every
Python call to contain frames that leave it unbalanced. Cache a
has_exc_handling bit on PyCode at creation, set when the bytecode
contains any opcode that calls vm.set_exception (PushExcInfo, PopExcept,
CheckEgMatch, EndAsyncFor, InstrumentedEndAsyncFor). A callee whose code
has none of these cannot mutate the slot, so the save and restore are
skipped for it. Generators go through resume_gen_frame and are
unaffected.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Return a write-through FrameLocalsProxy from frame.f_locals

Optimized (function) frames now expose `f_locals` as a `FrameLocalsProxy`
implementing PEP 667 semantics instead of a cached snapshot dict:

- reads go live through the fast-local slots; each access mints a fresh
  proxy; keys that do not name a fast local are stored in a per-frame
  `f_extra_locals` side dict and folded into `locals()`.
- writes to a fast-local key store into the slot (or its cell) in place;
  deleting a fast local raises ValueError; extra keys delete normally.
- full mapping protocol: keys/values/items (lists), get/pop/setdefault,
  update (dict or FrameLocalsProxy only), __or__/__ior__/__ror__ (dict
  result), copy (plain dict), __reduce__ blocks pickling/copy, repr with
  recursion guard, mapping-pattern and Mapping ABC support.

Class/module/exec frames keep returning their namespace mapping directly.
Cross-thread access to a frame running on another thread still raises
RuntimeError.

A closed generator now keeps its frame locals when a durable frame
reference escaped (f_locals proxy, sys._getframe, f_back), matching
take_ownership; the escape is tracked with a per-frame flag. The
snapshot-then-fold locals_to_fast/locals_dirty write-back is retired
since proxy writes reach the slots directly.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Retain the caller frame so f_back resolves after it returns

When a frame escapes its execution (referenced through a traceback,
`sys._getframe`, `f_locals`, ...), capture a strong reference to its
caller at release time. `f_back` consults it once the caller has left
the live frame chain, so the Python-visible frame chain survives return.
The retained reference is a GC-traversed edge and is cleared by
`frame.clear()`, so ancestor chains stay collectable.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix debug-build native stack overflow on deep recursion

Make check_c_stack_overflow one-sided (trip whenever the stack pointer
is below the soft limit) so a single native frame larger than the margin
cannot step past the danger band undetected.

Raise the debug STACK_MARGIN_BYTES from 4096 to 16384 words so the margin
exceeds a single debug interpreter frame, leaving headroom to raise
RecursionError. Release margin unchanged.

Clamp the soft-limit margin to half the stack so small explicit thread
stacks do not get a soft limit above their stack top.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Allocate exception instance __dict__ lazily

Exception construction went through into_ref_with_type, which eagerly
allocated an empty instance dict for every HAS_DICT type. Add
into_ref_with_type_lazy_dict, which builds the instance with an
unallocated dict slot, and route the four exception construction sites
(PyBaseException, PyOSError, OSErrorBuilder, PyBaseExceptionGroup)
through it. The dict now materializes on first attribute write or
__dict__ access via the existing get_or_insert path.

add_note and PyImportError::slot_init now obtain the dict through
object_get_dict so they materialize it instead of assuming it exists.

A freshly constructed exception no longer reports an empty dict in
gc.get_referents, matching the reference interpreter.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Allocate exception __dict__ lazily in vm.new_exception

Route vm.new_exception() through into_ref_with_type_lazy_dict so
internally raised exceptions (new_type_error, new_value_error, etc.)
start without an instance dict, matching the slot_new path. The dict
is materialized on the first attribute write or __dict__ access.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Validate FrameLocalsProxy.update() arguments

Reject keyword arguments and require exactly one positional argument,
raising TypeError with the "takes no keyword arguments" and "takes
exactly one argument (N given)" messages.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Address review nits in frame and faulthandler

- Drop stale vm.frames reference from the release_datastack_frame
  uniqueness argument.
- Assert has_exc_handling when unwinding an Except-typed stack slot,
  documenting the invariant that guards the shared exc_info write.
- Truncate the specialized __init__ return-type name to 200 chars,
  matching the unspecialized wrapper.
- Reword two comments to describe behavior without prose references
  to CPython.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use scopeguard for start_the_world in faulthandler dump_all_threads

Wrap the unix stop-the-world registry walk in a scope with
scopeguard::defer! so start_the_world runs on panic, matching the
f_back and get_all_current_frames sites. Add scopeguard to the stdlib
dependencies. Also correct the restore_exception doc comment to name
with_frame after the rename.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gitignore docs/superpowers

Assisted-by: Claude

* Rename type_bases_slot_rebuild.py to builtin_type_bases.py

Match the builtin_* naming convention of extra_tests/snippets.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply rustfmt, ruff, and cspell lint fixes

Reformat with rustfmt, fix import spacing in builtin_type_bases.py with
ruff, and add "pointee" to the cspell word list.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gate unix-only QSBR methods to their call sites

`online`, `drain_all`, and `reset_after_fork` are called only from unix
code (thread attach/detach, post-fork reset), and `offline` from unix
code plus a unit test. Gate them with matching cfg so `-D dead_code`
does not fire on non-unix targets.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Visit the function closure tuple as a GC edge

PyFunction::traverse visited the cells inside the closure tuple instead
of the tuple object itself, so the tuple's reference from the function
was never subtracted during cycle collection. A closure tuple that
reached back to its function (or, through a frame retained by f_back,
to a Thread) was stranded as a false GC root and never collected,
leaking the whole cycle. Visit the tuple itself, matching clear().

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply formatting hook fix to builtin_type_bases.py

Assisted-by: Claude

* Unmark asyncgen finalization-by-gc tests in test_base_events

test_asyncgen_finalization_by_gc and
test_asyncgen_finalization_by_gc_in_other_thread now pass; GC finalizes
the async generators.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Unmark test_sni_callback_refcycle in test_ssl

The servername-callback reference cycle is now collected by GC.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Widen GC stop-the-world gates from unix-only to all threading builds

Change `cfg(all(unix, feature = "threading"))` to `cfg(feature = "threading")`
on the stop-the-world machinery so it also compiles and runs on non-unix
threading builds:

- StopTheWorldState, its stats, stw_trace, and the stop_the_world field
- ThreadSlot state/stop_requested/thread fields and their initializers
- wait_while_suspended/attach_thread/detach_thread/suspend_if_needed/do_suspend,
  allow_threads, stop_requested_for_current_thread, and the enter_vm /
  VmBootstrapGuard / attach_current_thread / release_current_thread / cleanup
  attach-state wiring
- eval_breaker_tripped, check_signals, run_scheduled_gc, signal GC_BIT /
  schedule_gc / take_gc_scheduled, and the frame.rs safepoint call
- CollectStopTheWorld and its use in collect_inner
- QSBR::online/offline, now called from attach/detach on all threading builds
- debug_assert_current_thread_attached and its type-cache call sites

maybe_collect defers auto-collection to the bytecode safepoint on every
threading build instead of only unix; non-threading builds keep the inline
collect. stw_trace writes to std stderr on non-unix.

top_frame publishing (CURRENT_TOP_FRAME_SLOT, set_current_frame), the
frame-walk debug assert in collect_inner, and the fork reinit helpers remain
unix-only; non-unix keeps ThreadSlot::frames for introspection.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Detach current thread around blocking _winapi/_overlapped waits

Wrap the blocking Windows wait calls in `vm.allow_threads` so the calling
thread transitions ATTACHED -> DETACHED for the duration of the wait:

- _winapi: WaitForSingleObject, WaitForMultipleObjects,
  BatchedWaitForMultipleObjects, ConnectNamedPipe, ReadFile,
  Overlapped.GetOverlappedResult
- _overlapped: Overlapped.getresult

These previously blocked while ATTACHED, so a stop-the-world requester
could never suspend the thread and spun in its wait loop indefinitely.

* Format WaitForMultipleObjects allow_threads closure

* Treat concurrent sni_callback removal as no-op in invoke_sni_callback

* Assert capi refcount on a fresh mortal list instead of the int type object

The refcount test asserted exact incref/decref deltas on PyInt's shared
type object. That object's reference count is perturbed by the other capi
tests running in parallel, and is immortal under some interpreter
configurations, so the deltas were not reliably +1/-1. Assert them on a
freshly created, uniquely owned list whose reference count is private to
the test and mortal.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Traverse and GC-track PyOSError instances

The `#[pyexception]` struct macro now forwards a `traverse` option to the
generated `#[pyclass]`, and `ExceptionItemMeta` accepts the `traverse`
key. `PyOSError` is marked `traverse = "manual"`, so `HAS_TRAVERSE` is
true and OSError-family instances are tracked at creation and traversed
by the collector.

`PyOSError::traverse` now visits the underlying `PyBaseException`
(traceback, cause, context, args) instead of `PyException::try_traverse`,
which was a no-op because `PyException` has `HAS_TRAVERSE = false`.

* Unmark test_blockingioerror in test_io

The BlockingIOError reference cycle is now collected by GC.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-08 15:21:41 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon fafd9c75df more hostenv isolation (#7932)
* Move which crate dependency from vm to host_env

Add host_env::fs::which wrapper and update getpath.rs call site.

* Move readline module from vm to host_env

Move crates/vm/src/readline.rs to crates/host_env/src/readline.rs and
re-export it from rustpython_vm::readline. Move rustyline dependency
from vm to host_env. Drop the host_env feature gates on history I/O
inside the moved module.

* Move gethostname and mac_address dependencies from stdlib to host_env

Add host_env::socket::hostname and host_env::socket::mac_address
wrappers. Update _socket.gethostname and _uuid.get_node_id call sites.

* Re-export libc constants and types through host_env

Move direct libc constant and type references in stdlib (faulthandler,
fcntl, multiprocessing, posixshmem, select, syslog) to use host_env
re-exports. Replace libc::c_int and libc::c_uint in stdlib with
core::ffi equivalents.

* Re-export mmap libc constants through host_env

Move direct libc MADV_*, MAP_*, PROT_*, EOVERFLOW references in
stdlib::mmap to host_env::mmap re-exports. Replace libc::c_int with
core::ffi::c_int.

* Re-export locale and termios libc constants through host_env

Move direct libc LC_*, ABDAY_*, ABMON_*, TIOC*, FIO* and related
constants in stdlib::locale and stdlib::termios to host_env
re-exports. Replace libc::c_char in stdlib::locale and
stdlib::openssl::cert with core::ffi::c_char.

* Replace libc c-types and FILE wrappers in openssl with host_env

Replace libc::c_int, c_long, c_uchar, c_uint, c_ulong, c_void,
c_char in stdlib::openssl with core::ffi equivalents. Replace
libc::ENOENT with host_env::errno::errors::ENOENT. Add
host_env::fileutils::{CFile, fclose} and route the load_dh_params
fclose call and PEM_read_DHparams FILE pointer type through them.

* Fix Windows build: expose EOVERFLOW, SIGSEGV, SIGFPE on Windows

host_mmap::EOVERFLOW and host_faulthandler::{SIGSEGV, SIGFPE}
re-exports were gated to cfg(unix) but stdlib uses them from Windows
and platform-agnostic code paths.

* Re-export remaining libc types and constants through host_env

Move direct libc references in stdlib (resource, posixsubprocess,
grp, socket) to host_env re-exports. Replace libc::c_long,
libc::c_longlong, libc::c_char in stdlib::socket with core::ffi
equivalents. Add resource::{RLIMIT_*, RUSAGE_*, c_long, rlim_t,
rlimit, timeval}, posix::{c_char, pid_t}, grp::gid_t, and
socket::{AF_*, SOCK_STREAM, sa_family_t, socklen_t, sockaddr_*}
re-exports.

* Move socket2 and dns-lookup dependencies from stdlib to host_env

Re-export socket2 as host_env::socket::raw and dns-lookup as
host_env::socket::dns. Update _socket call sites to route through
host_env aliases.

* Move system-configuration dependency from stdlib to host_env

Re-export the macOS system-configuration crate as
host_env::system_configuration and update _scproxy call sites.

* Restrict CAN/ALG sockaddr structs to target_os linux

libc on Android (bionic) does not define sockaddr_can, so importing it
for target_os = "android" fails to compile. Keep AF_ALG/AF_CAN for both
linux and android, and gate sockaddr_alg/sockaddr_can to linux only.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-07 18:14:45 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 55c012cffd unicode crate (#8211)
* Extract unicodedata core into rustpython-unicode crate

Move the vm-free Unicode character database access — the generated UCD 3.2.0 /
latest tables, their build-time generation, and the icu4x/unicode_names2 lookups
for category/bidirectional/combining/east_asian_width/mirrored/decomposition/
normalize/is_normalized/digit/decimal/numeric/name/lookup — into a new leaf crate
over char/CodePoint/&Wtf8. stdlib/unicodedata.rs keeps the UCD pyclass binding: it
extracts the code point, boxes results, and maps errors. The unicode data files,
build.rs table generation, and the icu_properties/icu_normalizer/unicode_names2
dependencies move out of stdlib.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Route str predicates, casefold, and printable through rustpython-unicode

Add classify/case/identifier modules to the shared crate over char/&str/&Wtf8:
isalpha/isalnum/isdecimal/isdigit/isnumeric/isspace/isprintable classification,
XID identifier predicates, and full-mapping casefold. vm/builtins/str.rs and
literal/char.rs now call these instead of icu_properties/icu_casemap directly.
String-level iteration with final-sigma handling (lower/upper/title/capitalize,
islower/isupper) stays in the runtime.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Route sre_engine char classes through rustpython-unicode

Add the regex module with the SRE character-class and case predicates
(is_word/is_space/is_digit, is_uni_* Unicode variants, ascii/locale/unicode case
folding). sre_engine/string.rs now forwards to it, keeping its public API and
behavior identical — including the ASCII-only is_uni_digit and the hardcoded
is_uni_space table.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Route \N{} name lookups through rustpython-unicode

codegen/string_parser.rs (\N{...} escapes) and common/encodings.rs (the
namereplace error handler) now resolve character names via rustpython-unicode
instead of depending on unicode_names2 directly, leaving the crate as the sole
owner of the name database.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add differential Unicode sweep and shared-crate snippet test

tests/differential.rs sweeps the full 0..0x110000 range and compares each str
classification predicate against a committed CPython 3.14 reference dataset
(tests/data/cpython3.14_predicates.txt, produced by generate_reference.py). Code
points that differ only because the Rust std / icu4x build ships a later Unicode
release than CPython 3.14's 16.0.0 are recorded in
tests/data/version_skew_cpython3.14.txt, regenerable via
RUSTPYTHON_UNICODE_REGEN_SKEW=1; the regen refuses to record any
cpython=true/crate=false divergence, so only newly-assigned code points are
allowed. Any other divergence fails. Both data files use a run-length
`predicate start:end,...` encoding.

extra_tests/snippets/stdlib_unicode_shared.py exercises the routed surface end to
end (str predicates, casefold, identifiers, unicodedata, normalize, \N{}, and re
character classes) and passes identically on CPython 3.14 and RustPython.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Match regex \d to Unicode decimal digits

is_uni_digit previously matched only ASCII 0-9, so re's \d in Unicode mode
missed decimal digits like ٥ and ५. SRE_UNI_IS_DIGIT matches Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL
(category Nd), so route it through classify::is_decimal. Unmasks test_bug_6561 in
test_re and extends the shared-crate snippet with the Nd/Nl/No cases.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Replace shallow Unicode wrappers with re-exports

Address review feedback on the extraction.

Functions that only forwarded to the shared crate become `use ... as`
re-exports rather than hand-written wrappers:

- literal: is_printable is dropped; escape.rs calls
  rustpython_unicode::classify::is_repr_printable directly.
- unicode::identifier::is_continue re-exports is_xid_continue.
- unicode::data::lookup_character re-exports unicode_names2::character.
- Drop the unused repr(u8) on DecompositionType.

The SRE character-class and case predicates move back into
sre_engine::string (their pre-extraction home) instead of living in a
unicode::regex module that only sre_engine and the vm _sre binding used;
is_uni_digit/is_uni_alnum still delegate to rustpython_unicode::classify.
engine.rs and _sre consume them from sre_engine::string again.

The unicode crate's tests move from a single root tests module in lib.rs
into per-module test submodules (case, classify, data, identifier,
normalize).

Assisted-by: Claude

* no-std

* Address review feedback: test module, dead variant, WTF-8 normalization

- differential.rs: move the sweep tests into a `mod tests` block and drop
  the file-level allow of clippy::tests_outside_test_module and
  std_instead_of_alloc; the test uses alloc collections instead.
- data.rs: remove the never-constructed DecompositionType::Canonical variant
  and its allow(unused); compatibility decomposition never produces it and
  canonical decomposition is handled through icu4x.
- normalize.rs: is_normalized now takes &Wtf8 and checks each UTF-8 run,
  skipping lone surrogates, matching normalize's run-wise behavior.
- unicodedata.rs: pass as_wtf8() to is_normalized.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-07 09:19:25 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon a1ba6a662c Align compiler and AST behavior with CPython (#8138)
* Align compiler and AST behavior with CPython

Update the compiler pipeline, AST module support, and related VM compile/eval paths toward CPython 3.14 behavior.

Use upstream Ruff parser crates directly and keep RustPython-specific syntax preflight handling in the compile path.

Refresh opcode metadata, snapshots, and targeted tests for the aligned bytecode and AST behavior.

* fix

* Fix PR 8138 CI failures

* Fix match mapping wildcard scan complexity

* fixes

* Use Ruff runtime AST fields

* Minimize residual patch diff

* refactor error handling

* Remove _ast conversion context wrappers

* Clean up _ast conversion glue and compiler warning escalation

Rename the Node conversion parameter `ctx` to `vm` throughout the _ast
module.

Remove the unused compile_program, compile_program_single,
compile_block_expression, and compile_expression forwarders; compile_top
stays as the entry point.

Stash an escalated compiler SyntaxWarning so a non-SyntaxWarning category
propagates unchanged instead of being rewritten to SyntaxError, matching
PyErr_ExceptionMatches(SyntaxWarning) in compiler_warn. Drop the now-unused
CompileWarningError::into_codegen_error.

Replace the PositionalArguments two-variant enum with a struct holding a
shared range and a PositionalArgumentsKind enum.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Represent compiler flags as a CompilerFlags bitflags

Replace the loose PY_CF_*/CO_* i32 constants in compile_mode with a
CompilerFlags bitflags covering the PyCF_* flags and __future__
CO_FUTURE_* bits. The Python-visible ast.PyCF_* attribute values are
derived from it via bits(); parser input modes stay plain consts.

builtins::compile and the compile_string flag handling test flags
through CompilerFlags::contains instead of raw bit math.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix PR 8138 test regressions

* Fix PR 8138 CI failures

* Avoid shell interpolation in Linux deps action

* Fix review findings in compiler/AST changes

- frame.rs: compute the MATCH_CLASS class name lazily so a successful
  match no longer takes the type name lock or allocates; the
  __match_args__-not-a-tuple branch reuses it instead of recomputing.
- _ast/constant.rs: add the missing leading space to the with_recursion
  label ("maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation").
- sys.set_int_max_str_digits: restore the "maxdigits must be 0 or larger
  than {n}" error text.
- codegen: set CO_MAXBLOCKS to 20 in both ir.rs and compile.rs.
- _ast/exception.rs: extract the duplicated excepthandler node guard
  into ensure_excepthandler_node.
- codegen: correct the validate_keywords doc comment.
- Drop redundant "CPython" qualifiers from comments added in this branch.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-06-26 18:22:08 +09:00
fanninpm c4968e3717 Replace ahash with rapidhash (#7954)
* Add `rapidhash` to list of dependencies

* Use `rapidhash::quality::RandomState` in `codegen` crate

* Use `rapidhash::quality::RandomState` in `stdlib` crate

* Use `rapidhash::quality::RandomState` in `vm` crate

* Remove `ahash` from lists of dependencies
2026-05-25 13:53:54 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 40b2da6037 more hostenv isolation (#7886)
* Convert host_env Windows path/argv params from raw *const u16 to &WideCStr

* Migrate remaining winapi raw u16 pointer signatures to typed references

* Migrate winreg pub unsafe fn string parameters to typed references

* Add ToPyException impls for host_env error types (PyPy wrap_oserror analog)

* Add CheckLibcResult helper and apply to socket/fcntl/shm/posix_wasi

* Add Win32 BOOL/HANDLE check helpers; apply check helpers across host_env

* Apply Win32/libc check helpers to overlapped/testconsole/os.rs

* Apply Win32 check helpers to winapi.rs (partial)

* Apply Win32 check helpers across more winapi.rs functions

* Apply Win32 check helpers to nt.rs (partial)

* Add CheckWin32Sentinel helper; apply to nt.rs INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE/INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES patterns

* Add OwnedHandle / HandleToOwned helper; apply to mmap create_named_mapping leak path

* Use OwnedHandle RAII in nt::pipe to eliminate manual cleanup on error path

* Use OwnedHandle in nt::chmod_follow; hoist HandleToOwned import

* Drop rustix dependency from vm crate

Remove unused IntoPyException impl for rustix::io::Errno and the
rustix entry in crates/vm/Cargo.toml. rustix is now only depended on
by host_env.

* Fix CI failures: cross-platform regressions

- winapi.rs: pass None to create_event_w; the recent Option<&WideCStr>
  migration left one call site still passing a raw null pointer.
- exceptions.rs: gate ToPyException for LockfError with
  cfg(any(unix, target_os = "wasi")), matching host_env::fcntl's own
  cfg. The previous cfg let it compile on wasm32-unknown-unknown where
  host_env::fcntl does not exist.
- io_unsupported.rs: derive Eq on FileMode alongside PartialEq to
  satisfy clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq.

* Fix CI failures: cfg gates and unused imports

- exceptions.rs: gate ToPyException for LockfError with
  cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "redox"))) to match the type's own
  cfg in host_env/src/fcntl.rs (LockfError is not built on wasi).
- signal.rs: CheckLibcResult is only used in unix-gated functions;
  split import so it is not pulled in for windows.
- mmap.rs: remove CheckWin32Handle from imports; no longer used after
  switching to HandleToOwned-based RAII.
- overlapped.rs: remove INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE from connect_pipe import;
  the call now uses .check_valid().

* Fix CI failures: rustfmt and windows unused import

- signal.rs: reorder cfg-gated imports per rustfmt.
- socket.rs: gate ToPyException import to cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "redox")));
  it is only used inside sendmsg which has the same gate, so it was unused
  on windows.

* Push remaining libc/extern callsites from vm into host_env

Add host_env wrappers and replace the corresponding vm call sites:
- host_env::errno::strerror_string for libc::strerror
- host_env::io::write_stderr_raw for libc::write(STDERR_FILENO,...)
- host_env::locale::localeconv_data reused from vm::format
- host_env::os::abort for the inline abort extern
- host_env::os::urandom wraps getrandom; getrandom moves from vm to host_env
- host_env::posix::lchmod for the macOS/BSD lchmod extern
- host_env::posix::fcopyfile for the macOS fcopyfile extern
- host_env::nt::wputenv for the Windows _wputenv extern

vm/format.rs's get_locale_info now uses host_env on both unix and windows
instead of the unix-only libc::localeconv path.

* Move time tz state and winsound FFI into host_env

- host_env::time::tz: wraps the libc tzset/timezone/daylight/tzname
  globals on non-msvc, non-wasm32 targets. vm::stdlib::time now reads
  these via the typed wrappers instead of declaring its own externs.
- host_env::winsound (windows): exposes PlaySoundW (via a typed
  PlaySoundSource enum), Beep, and MessageBeep. vm::stdlib::winsound
  drops its inline FFI block and routes through host_env.

* Migrate unsetenv to host_env::nt::wputenv; rustfmt

- vm::stdlib::os::unsetenv had a second _wputenv call site that still
  referenced the removed inline extern. Route it through
  host_env::nt::wputenv like putenv.
- rustfmt fixups in exceptions.rs (boolean chain layout) and the two
  winsound files.

* Address PR review comments

- host_env::winapi::create_process: assert that the command_line buffer
  is NUL-terminated and that the env block ends with a double-NUL,
  matching the Win32 CreateProcessW contract.
- stdlib::overlapped CreateEvent: replace WideCString::from_str_truncate
  with the fallible from_str(), so embedded NULs in the event name
  surface as ValueError instead of being silently truncated.
- vm::exceptions::ReadlinkError::NotSymbolicLink now maps to OSError
  (matches Win32 ERROR_NOT_A_REPARSE_POINT semantics) rather than
  ValueError.
- winreg::ConnectRegistry: route the non-zero return through the
  existing os_error_from_windows_code helper so the resulting exception
  carries the real winerror/message instead of a generic OSError.

* Fix CI failures and address review follow-ups

CI failures:
- rustfmt cleanup in exceptions.rs after the ReadlinkError change.
- vm/stdlib/os.rs: drop unused ToWideString import that the wputenv
  migration left behind.
- vm/stdlib/winsound.rs: replace explicit `&*buf` with `&buf` to
  satisfy clippy::explicit_auto_deref.
- Lib/test/test_format.py, Lib/test/test_types.py: drop the now-stale
  expectedFailureIfWindows decorators on the locale-format tests; the
  Windows path now reads real `localeconv` data via host_env so these
  tests pass.

Review follow-ups:
- host_env::winapi::create_process: switch the new buffer terminator
  checks from `assert!` to fallible validators returning
  `io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput`, so bad inputs stay recoverable at
  the API boundary.
- host_env::winsound::play_sound: reject `Memory(_)` together with
  `SND_ASYNC` (lifetime-unsafe) and `SND_MEMORY` without a
  `Memory(_)` source. Expand `PlaySoundError` into a variant enum.
- vm::stdlib::_winapi::CreateProcess: route the Win32 path/argv strings
  through `as_wtf8().to_wide_cstring()` like the rest of the Windows
  API surface; `expect_str()` could panic on Python strings containing
  lone surrogates.
2026-05-20 16:16:14 +09:00
Joshua Megnauth d1eec5d168 Const eval all of version.rs (#7923)
`version.rs` essentially consists of constants that can be baked in at
compile time. I moved most of `version.rs` to `build.rs`. The constants
are passed via rustc's environment then stored in the binary.
2026-05-19 21:02:56 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon bf588b3c4e more hostenv impl (#7604) 2026-05-16 19:01:40 +09:00
Joshua Megnauth 41e4b4c637 Use icu4x for casefold() (#7780) 2026-05-16 12:59:49 +09:00
Joshua Megnauth c9d2a92f28 Fix title() and capitalize() (#7717)
* PyBytes.title should be ASCII-only.

* Use icu_casemap over unicode-casing for titles

`icu_casemap` is consistently maintained, official, and tracks the
latest Unicode versions. RustPython is also using other `icu4x` crates,
so using `icu_casemap` is more consistent.

As with islower and isupper, tracking the latest Unicode version is
important because character definitions shift over time which causes
discrepancies between RustPython and CPython.

This commit fixes title().

* Use icu_casemap for capitalize()

I dropped unicode-casing because it's cleaner to use icu4x for
everything. `icu4x` will also stay up to date whereas unicode-casing
will need to be periodically updated with new Unicode tables. Dropping
unicode-casing also removes some binary bloat due to the tables.

`capitalize()` mimics CPython behavior more closely now as well.
Notably, I implemented CPython's sigma edge case handler.

* Match CPython's title() exactly
2026-05-09 18:03:21 +00:00
Joshua Megnauth 40a996ec68 Use rustix for uname; drop uname crate (#7799) 2026-05-10 00:26:26 +09:00
fanninpm ac613f8ad0 Move dependencies to workspace for vm crate (#7789)
* Add dependencies from `vm` crate to workspace

* Declare dependencies as workspace = true
2026-05-06 14:03:05 +09:00
Bas SchoenmaeckersandJeong, YunWon f122e3e12a Add minimal capi lifecycle support (#7648)
* Add minimal capi lifecycle support

* Force enable `threading` on `stdlib`

---------

Co-authored-by: Jeong, YunWon <jeong@youknowone.org>
2026-05-06 02:02:26 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 9c729bc80c Use cfg_select! (#7636) 2026-04-21 17:35:26 +00:00
f51f27c949 Create rustpython-host-env (#7582)
* Create rustpython-host-env crate; move host abstractions out of common

Move os, crt_fd, fileutils, windows, macros modules from
rustpython-common into the new rustpython-host-env crate.
This isolates host OS API wrappers behind a crate boundary
with zero Python runtime dependency.

- Add crates/host_env to workspace
- Drop nix, windows-sys, widestring deps from common
- Wire vm and stdlib to depend on rustpython-host-env
- Migrate all imports from common::{os,crt_fd,fileutils,windows}
  to rustpython_host_env::

* refactor: extract host helpers

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* lint: enforce direct host API boundaries

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* refactor: extract remaining host env helpers

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* fix: clean extracted host env follow-up

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* fix: document env mutation safety

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* refactor: split host fs helpers from fileutils

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* fix: resolve latest host env ci regressions

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* fix: resolve remaining windows clippy host fs calls

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* host_env

---------

Co-authored-by: Jeong, YunWon <jeong@youknowone.org>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: youknowone <69878+youknowone@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-04-21 00:13:25 +09:00
Shahar Naveh c857db6e9e Replace unmaintained unic crates (#7555) 2026-04-03 01:43:11 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon e564d4646f winapi functions (#7516) 2026-03-28 00:02:49 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 2e777a6fb3 Add cargo shear CI step (#7461)
* Add `cargo shear` CI step

* Remove some deps

* Move `ruff_python_parser` to dev deps

* Remove `thread_local` crate

* Cleanup `num-integer` usage

* Remove parser fro. wasm

* Remove windows-sys from venv launcher

* Update lock

* Resolve more

* Fix wasm

* Update lock
2026-03-20 12:42:51 +09:00
EtherealPsyche 18147fda61 If the host_env feature is enabled, then enable the _ctypes module on the Android platform. (#7402) 2026-03-13 01:20:32 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon a781ec27bc Implement winsound module
Add PlaySound, Beep, MessageBeep functions and all SND_*/MB_*
constants. Uses Windows APIs via winmm.dll, kernel32, user32.
2026-02-17 21:34:27 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonandgithub-actions[bot] 37fa0cbf56 Replace once_cell with std::sync::OnceLock/core::cell::OnceCell (#7077)
* Replace `once_cell` with `std::sync::OnceLock`/`core::cell::OnceCell`

- Replace `once_cell::sync::{Lazy, OnceCell}` with
  `std::sync::{LazyLock, OnceLock}`
- Replace `once_cell::unsync::{Lazy, OnceCell}` with
  `core::cell::{LazyCell, OnceCell}`
- Inline `get_or_try_init` at call sites (unstable in std as of 1.93)
- Replace `OnceCell::with_value()` with `OnceCell::from()` in codecs.rs
- Remove `once_cell` direct dependency from common and vm crates

* Auto-format: cargo fmt --all

---------

Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-02-11 11:08:16 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonandgithub-actions[bot] b877f76141 initial sandbox (#7035)
* Add host_env feature for sandbox isolation

Introduce a `host_env` feature flag that gates all host environment
access (filesystem, network, signals, processes). When disabled,
the VM operates in sandbox mode:

- _io module always available; FileIO gated by host_env
- SandboxStdio provides lightweight stdin/stdout/stderr via Rust std::io
- BytesIO/StringIO/BufferedIO/TextIOWrapper work without host_env
- open() returns UnsupportedOperation in sandbox
- stdlib modules (os, socket, signal, etc.) gated by host_env
- CI checks both host_env ON and OFF builds

* Auto-format: ruff check --select I --fix

---------

Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-02-08 13:58:30 +00:00
Jeong, YunWon 714d1ce58b gc module internal structure and API (#6910)
* gc module internal structure and API

Add gc_state module with GcState, GcGeneration, GcDebugFlags, GcStats.
Replace gc module stubs with working API backed by gc_state.
Add gc_callbacks and gc_garbage to Context.
Add is_gc_tracked, gc_finalized, gc_get_referents to PyObject.
Collection is stubbed (returns 0) — actual algorithm to follow.

* fix dict/weakref/generators

* unmark test_asyncio

* apply review
2026-02-01 08:51:39 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon f8a78e6ab6 stack soft limit (#6754) 2026-01-18 18:09:55 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 3438fb2850 nt junction (#6407)
* pylib strip path

* nt._path_* functions,

* nt junction
2025-12-12 09:03:19 +09:00
dependabot[bot] 9f8090c830 Bump libloading from 0.8.9 to 0.9.0 (#6384)
Bumps [libloading](https://github.com/nagisa/rust_libloading) from 0.8.9 to 0.9.0.
- [Commits](https://github.com/nagisa/rust_libloading/compare/0.8.9...0.9.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: libloading
  dependency-version: 0.9.0
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2025-12-10 09:01:17 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon b200f0e8d2 Replace windows to windows-sys (#6356) 2025-12-09 05:08:45 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon bf565e917a Windows execv, spawnv, wait (#6350)
* more const

* wait

* exec

* mkdir
2025-12-09 00:37:52 +09:00
Ashwin Naren 517987c7b3 rewrite of winreg module and add test_winreg 2025-12-05 15:10:45 +09:00
Lee Dogeon 7c4c1eabf0 Fix wasm32-unknown-unknown target build (#6278) 2025-11-16 22:16:34 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 8968aeafb9 Move vm -> crates/vm (#6269) 2025-11-15 21:51:33 +09:00