138 Commits
Author SHA1 Message Date
youknowdot efa8c26929 Align code introspection and monitoring with Python 3.15 (#9178)
* Align code metadata and monitoring event semantics with Python 3.15

Preserve canonical qualified-name interning and subclass values, normalize valid debug-range tables, and correct event-specific monitoring disable and callback ownership boundaries.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

* Import canonical monitoring shutdown helper

Copy the missing test_monitoring dependency from pinned CPython 3.15.0 through scripts/update_lib, retaining existing suite guards.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

* Match observed monitoring source layers and tool release ordering

Model active source instrumentation across all subscribed tools instead of unconditional legacy edge pairing. Preserve tool names during unlocked callback finalization before releasing them.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

* Preserve code qualnames and monitoring event-site identity

Retain decoded WTF8 qualnames, use exact-str marshal dispatch, and model wrapped branch dispatch with physical DISABLE sites. Retire the proven monitoring shutdown guard through update_lib.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable
2026-10-18 10:57:23 +09:00
youknowdot 1ee9a29062 Preserve explicit AST source positions through compilation (#9138)
* Preserve explicit AST column locations through code generation

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

* Remove obsolete location bindings after span migration

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

* Propagate inconsistent AST span provenance without panicking

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

* Preserve mapped positions when exporting optimized Pass nodes

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

* Consolidate AST location regressions and satisfy strict compiler lints

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

* Consolidate equivalent AST literal location cases

Replace the six-way literal-only optimizer matrix with one optimized-AST round-trip, preserving all assertions. Keep the distinct normalized-range identity, explicit Pass provenance, and synthetic format-spec regressions.

Validation: all four appended location cases passed using the verified final-f6a RustPython binary with unchanged native sources. Ran normal pre-commit hooks; no Cargo build or full cyclic snippet suite.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

* Reuse Ruff source locations in AST conversion

Replace redundant PySourceLocation, Row, and Column wrappers with the compiler-core re-export of Ruff SourceLocation. Use UTF-8 byte coordinates and retain the empty-source fallback. Share the normalized range conversion while preserving caller validation and signed semantic metadata.

Validation so far: independent source and boundary review, rustfmt, and git diff --check. Runtime validation follows after the shared build target is released.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

* Preserve the first AST preprocessing location error

Share first-error recording between generated-node allocation and synthetic-pass coordinate overflow. Exercise both real compiler-state failure paths in both orders using one MAX_ID location entry.

Validation: focused compiler-state regression, strict codegen all-target Clippy, unchanged full-source seals, rustfmt, and normal pre-commit hooks. No interpreter runtime or broad suite rerun for this error-only change.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable
2026-10-16 10:13:59 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonandyouknowdot 79e7c9da27 Support marshal format 6 and frozendict serialization (#9130)
Extract the Python 3.15 final mapping format while preserving current code-object field identities and owned writer references.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:model version unavailable

Co-authored-by: youknowdot <dot@youknowone.org>
2026-10-15 13:53:38 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 2ba57dae68 Add BUILD_LIST_FROM_ARG opcode behind CompileOpts::build_list_from_arg (#9104)
Add Instruction::BuildListFromArg = 219 (stack effect: pop 1, push 2): pop
the iterator, push an empty list whose capacity is the iterator's length
hint, push the iterator back. A failing length hint is ignored unless it is
SystemExit or KeyboardInterrupt.

With CompileOpts::build_list_from_arg set, a list comprehension with one
generator, no `if` and no `async for` emits it in place of BUILD_LIST 0 on
the non-inlined path and in place of BUILD_LIST 0; SWAP 2 on the inlined
path. The option defaults to false, so default output is unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-10-15 10:05:35 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonanddot 2a09ee02bd Align compiler and VM bytecode contracts with CPython 3.15 (#9105)
* Align compiler and VM with final CPython 3.15 bytecode

Reconstruct the compiler-only baseline from validated487ae47 on the current main and frozen mapping prerequisitec78d811. Preserve the full source delta while dropping obsolete prerequisite ancestry; detailed old-to-new provenance is retained in the recovery artifact.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex: model identifier unavailable

* Fix final script validation, exception cleanup and private cache contracts

Replay reviewed compiler CI repairs 2191a9d, 1f1fe04, a2dacaf on the frozen current prerequisite. Intermediate compile/diagnostic corrections are combined where they address the same failure.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex: model identifier unavailable

* Align canonical compiler fixtures and generator frame state

Replay reviewed compiler CI repairs 476bb74 on the frozen current prerequisite. Intermediate compile/diagnostic corrections are combined where they address the same failure.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex: model identifier unavailable

* Preserve code-name owners and final warning and constant-fold contracts

Replay reviewed compiler CI repairs 6482adf on the frozen current prerequisite. Intermediate compile/diagnostic corrections are combined where they address the same failure.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex: model identifier unavailable

* Skip unavailable monitoring C API tests before tool registration

Replay reviewed compiler CI repairs 246c309 on the frozen current prerequisite. Intermediate compile/diagnostic corrections are combined where they address the same failure.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex: model identifier unavailable

* Assert exact final constant-list iterable folding

Replay reviewed compiler CI repairs 7ecedcf on the frozen current prerequisite. Intermediate compile/diagnostic corrections are combined where they address the same failure.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex: model identifier unavailable

* Align local monitoring events and exception lifecycle state with final 3.15

Replay reviewed compiler CI repairs ec206b1, 191fe58 on the frozen current prerequisite. Intermediate compile/diagnostic corrections are combined where they address the same failure.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex: model identifier unavailable

* Align 3.15 code objects and codegen with CPython

- Store co_consts, co_names, co_localsplusnames, co_localspluskinds,
  co_linetable, co_exceptiontable and co_name as objects on PyCode;
  build co_code and the varnames/cellvars/freevars tuples lazily in
  _co_cached, with co_code deoptimized through deopt_code.
- Move the compiler constant cache (_PyCode_ConstantKey,
  const_cache_insert) to builtins/code/const_cache.rs.
- Write every code field with w_object in marshal and pass the read
  field objects to MarshalBag::make_code through CodeFields.
- Emit RETURN_GENERATOR/POP_TOP in enter_scope and place SETUP_CLEANUP
  after them; drop the generator part of insert_prefix_instructions.
- Add PyCode::first_traceable (_co_firsttraceable) for
  _PyFrame_IsIncomplete and sys.monitoring.
- Follow the CPython DISABLE branches in sys.monitoring, the
  check_matched signature in warnings, the 3.15 % format error
  messages for str and bytes, code_returns_only_none, and the FOR_ITER
  stack analysis.
- Compute IMPORT_NAME flags with in_exception_handler.
- Replace the linetable/exceptiontable byte tests in codegen with
  dis(show_positions=True) insta snapshots in _opcode.
- Remove the opcode metadata verification tooling, byte-exact
  scripts, private cache tests and redundant snippets.
- Restore test_code.py and test_monitoring.py to v3.15.0 plus
  RUSTPYTHON markers.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5-5

* Remove generator snippet checks covered by Lib/test

Drop extra_tests/snippets/generator_iterator_prefix.py. Its loop,
delegation, async, f_back and never-awaited checks are covered by
test_generators, test_coroutines, test_asyncgen, test_yield_from and
test_monitoring. Move the remaining checks into existing files:
genexpr prefix tracing and monitoring into stdlib_sys.py, and the
caller frame seen from the eager iterator into stdlib_sys_getframe.py.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5-5

* Emit the generator prefix for top-level await modules

Module code compiled with PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT and marked
ste_coroutine now starts with RETURN_GENERATOR; POP_TOP. The prefix and
RESUME emission move into emit_scope_prefix, shared by enter_scope and
the module entry points, as in codegen_enter_scope. Fixes
test_builtin.test_compile_top_level_await.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5-5

* Allow the c_long cast in _opcode.stack_effect

c_long is i32 on Windows, where clippy reports the cast to i32 as
unnecessary.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5-5

* Update malachite crates to 0.14.0

pymath requires malachite-bigint ^0, so the example projects, which
have no lock file, resolve it to 0.14.0 while the workspace pinned
0.13.0, and fail to build.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5-5

---------

Co-authored-by: dot <dot@youknowone.org>
2026-10-14 22:38:42 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 31963fa767 Expose more attributes as member descriptors (#8857)
* Read type.__module__ from the dict only for heap types

A static type's `__module__` is the text before the last `.` of its name,
or `builtins`. A heap type reads its dict and raises `AttributeError`
when the entry is missing; `type` and `object` reprs ignore that error.
`type()` no longer stores `__module__ = None` when the caller's globals
have no `__name__`.

`#[pyexception(module = ...)]` now reaches the type name, and static
types that relied on a dict `__module__` (ast nodes, pyexpat, ssl,
_hashlib and _interpchannels errors, ExceptionGroup) carry their module.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.7
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5

* Expose more builtin attributes as member descriptors

`code.co_flags`, `co_nlocals`, `co_filename`, `super.__self__`,
`__self_class__`, `__thisclass__`, `traceback.tb_frame`, `tb_lasti`,
`type.__itemsize__` and `builtin_function_or_method.__module__` are now
`#[pymember]` fields instead of getsets. `super` keeps its three
references in atomic cells instead of a lock, `tb_lasti` is an `i32`,
`co_nlocals` is stored at construction, and the builtin function
`__module__` is a writable object cell.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.7
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5

* Expose stdlib attributes as member descriptors

Decompressor `eof`/`needs_input`/`unused_data` (bz2, lzma, zlib, plus
lzma `check`), `ContextVar.name`, `functools.partial` `func`/`args`/
`keywords`, socket `family`/`type`/`proto`, `select.kevent` fields,
`SemLock` `handle`/`kind`/`maxvalue`/`name`, `Pickler.bin`/`fast`,
`xmlparser.intern`, ElementTree `XMLParser.entity`/`target`,
`UCD.unidata_version`, `_ExceptHookArgs` fields, multibytecodec
`stream`, and `_io` `Buffered*.raw` and `TextIOWrapper`
`buffer`/`encoding`/`line_buffering`/`write_through` are now
`#[pymember]` fields instead of getsets.

Values that changed under a lock move to atomic cells on the payload.
New member kinds `Short`, `Long`, `String`, `UShort`, `ULong`,
`LongLong` and `ULongLong` access exactly the width of their C type.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.7
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5

* Match bare super and static type itemsize

`super.__new__(super)` leaves `__thisclass__`, `__self__` and
`__self_class__` empty, and a super with no type takes the
zero-argument path when bound.

Static types carry their `tp_itemsize` (`type`, `memoryview`, `code`,
`frame`, generators, `_sre` objects, `_ctypes` thunks), inherit it from
their direct base when they leave it at 0, and a variable-size base
rejects any nonempty `__slots__` and a weakref slot.
`_thread._ExceptHookArgs` is a struct sequence.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.7
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5

* Expose SimpleNamespace.__dict__, __basicsize__ and __flags__ as members

`SimpleNamespace.__dict__` addresses the instance dict cell the same way
`module.__dict__` does. `slots.basicsize` now holds the full
`tp_basicsize` (header plus payload), so `__basicsize__` reads it
directly. Type flags are one atomic word: `__abstractmethods__` and
`_abc` set their bits in it in place, the separate `abc_tpflags` word is
gone, and `__flags__` reads the word as an unsigned long member.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.7
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5-5
2026-09-28 00:03:27 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonandLee Dogeon afad92bf1b Add OrderedDict, marshal, inspect, and chflags bitflagset (#8780)
* Implement _collections.OrderedDict

Extracted from #6799: native OrderedDict as a dict subclass,
iterator mutation tracking, and mapping-view set operations.

* Add OrderedDict, warnings source lines, and socket sendmsg

Implement _collections.OrderedDict as a dict subclass with a
linked list of insertion-order nodes.

Pack struct F/D as native float/double complex pairs, and report
unexpected __replace__ field names as a list repr.

Register encodings.latin_1 at startup. Reject NUL in input()
prompts. Copy non-exact type dicts in mapping order.

Fetch warning source lines through _bless_my_loader and unicode
splitlines. Keep the last warnings.filters list after deletion.

Snapshot sendmsg sequences before converting buffers, parse
ancillary ints with __index__, and dispatch AF_CAN by protocol.

Store sys.trace and sys.profile on each ThreadSlot so
_settraceallthreads/_setprofileallthreads are visible to
sys.gettrace/getprofile on other threads.

Use <frozen importlib._bootstrap> as frozen importlib
co_filename. Keep HEAPTYPE socket objects GC-tracked.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Load marshal via readinto and dump sets in dumps order

marshal.load fills a scratch buffer with readinto on a
contiguous writable memoryview, and rejects a returned length
other than the requested size.

set and frozenset dumps write elements in sorted(v,
key=marshal.dumps) order.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Add classmethod_descriptor and ABC IS_ABSTRACT flags

Give METH_CLASS methods a distinct classmethod_descriptor type.
Store Py_TPFLAGS_IS_ABSTRACT from __abstractmethods__ and look
up that attribute only in the type's own dict.

Expose defaultdict.default_factory as a member descriptor.
Inherit bool's unused number slots from int. Mark set and
frozenset __contains__ as METH_COEXIST.

Parse classmethod, staticmethod, object.__new__, and heap type
text signatures. Register interactive source in linecache.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* address review: odict reuse, descr call, new wrapper

Reuse odict node slots and walk the live list in next_after.
Require both | operands to be dicts. Drop the odict iterator
on GC clear. Bind classmethod descriptors through descr_get
and update IS_ABSTRACT under the type lock. Give odict keys
and items sq_contains. Walk tp_new_wrapper past new_wrapper
so HEAPTYPE socket subclasses can call socket.__new__.
Split FreeBSD Bluetooth protocol constants from Linux values.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Represent chflags bits with bitflagset

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Represent access and mode bits with bitflagset

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Continue unfinished REPL suites as incomplete input

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Add pickle and os.stat inspect signatures

Give _pickle.Pickler the clinic constructor text signature and
accept fix_imports and buffer_callback as positional-or-keyword.
Allow #[pyfunction(text_signature)] and use it so os.stat reports
(path, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=True). Uncomment import
_pickle and drop the pickle inspect expectedFailures.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Add Unpickler, dump/load, and lstat signatures

Give _pickle Unpickler, dump, dumps, load, and loads clinic
text signatures, and os.lstat (path, *, dir_fd=None).

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Complete OrderedDict with insertion-order links

Move the native OrderedDict into ordered_dict.rs and track order
with a linked list of nodes, keeping mapping-view set operations.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* address CI: stat casts, HCI_DATA_DIR, passing xfails

Compare stat permission bits as Mode so Linux clippy does not
flag a u32-to-u32 cast. Export HCI_DATA_DIR with the Bluetooth
socket option values. Drop expectedFailure from tests that now
pass.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix wasm teardown deadlock and bluetooth constants

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Clear process-wide eval breaker bits in STW test

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Drop exclusive-held panic that tripped wasm clippy

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix OrderedDict contains and export Windows BDADDR

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Add cmp_to_key and hash-once LRU cache

_functools.cmp_to_key now returns KeyWrapper. LRU lookups store the
key hash on _lru_list_elem so __hash__ is not called again on hits
or eviction.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Allow subclass keywords on list, tuple, and float

list.__init__ rejects keywords only when tp_new is still list's.
tuple/float.__new__ reject them only when tp_init is still the base's.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix CI lint, test re-export, and structseq members

Drop the duplicate clear_eval_breaker_for_test re-export.
Format structseq imports. Expose struct sequence fields as
readonly members so assignment raises "readonly attribute".

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Allow subclass keywords on itertools and filter

Positional-only constructors ignore extra keywords when a subclass
has replaced tp_init, matching list/tuple/float.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Remove text_signature derive parameter

Drop the string override on #[pyfunction] and #[pyclass]. Signatures
are generated from the Rust parameter list only. Restore inspect
expectedFailures that depended on the override.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Rename set contains_method to __contains__

Keep a borrowed contains helper for slots and C-API. The coexist
pymethod is named __contains__.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Use MonitoringEvent instead of EVENT_* aliases

Drop the unused MonitoringEvents bitflags and the EVENT_PY_START
style mask constants. Call sites use the enum and .mask().

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Store warnings filters as PyListRef

The list already serializes its elements. Drop the extra mutex around
the cached list pointer.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Re-export clear_eval_breaker_for_test after rebase

Keep the STW test helper visible without bringing back stop_bit_set.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix groupby reentrancy and islice arguments

Give _grouper its own tgtkey and take currvalue after the key
comparison. Accept __index__ on islice bounds, reject step 0, and
drain the source up to stop.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* SETREF warnings filters, onceregistry, and defaultaction

Keep the last list, dict, or str after the module attributes are
deleted by swapping the interpreter cache pointer. Do not store a
None fallback for _warnings_context.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Iterate OrderedDict inner dict via next_entry

&PyDict is not an iterator after the borrowed-ref signature change.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Remove expectedFailure from testBluetoothConstants

Linux now exports BTPROTO_HCI and the rest of the set.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Borrow get_filter arguments as PyObject

Match the warn_explicit call site that passes borrowed
handles after the internal-helper borrow change.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix bool slots and SemHandle safety docs

Leave unused bool number slots unset so inspect reports
__add__ on int. Document SemHandle::from_raw safety.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Keep sendmsg errors and drop duplicate linecache

Replace sendmsg iterable TypeError only. Register REPL
source in linecache once per compiled input.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Nest REPL parse or-patterns for clippy

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Mark pydoc os.stat signature test expectedFailure

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

---------

Co-authored-by: Lee Dogeon <dev.moreal@gmail.com>
2026-09-24 12:21:26 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonandLee Dogeon d02d81e740 perf: VM and runtime hot paths from pyperformance (#8737)
* time: use CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW for monotonic/perf_counter on Apple

CLOCK_MONOTONIC keeps advancing during system sleep on macOS, unlike
CPython's mach_absolute_time()-backed perf_counter/monotonic. Benchmarks
that spanned a laptop sleep recorded thousands of seconds for a single
iteration (pyperformance float/fannkuch showed ~1000x slowdowns).
Use CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW (equivalent to mach_absolute_time) on Apple targets
and report it as such in time.get_clock_info().

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: derive f_lineno lazily instead of tracking prev_line per instruction

The dispatch loop wrote prev_line (a locations lookup plus a Cell store)
on every instruction only so f_lineno could read it. f_lineno now derives
the line from lasti and code.locations, prev_line is only maintained on
the cold tracing path for 'line' event de-duplication, the two use_tracing
reads per instruction are merged into one, and the pre-dispatch lasti
reload is replaced by the value just stored.

When a trace function is installed on an already-running frame (bdb
stepping back into an untraced caller, frame.f_trace assignment, a local
trace returned from the 'call' event on a resumed generator) prev_line is
synced from lasti so no spurious 'line' event fires.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: coalesce per-call thread-locals into one FRAME_SLOT_CACHE

set_current_frame ran on every frame enter/exit and touched three separate
thread_local! statics (each a _tlv_get_addr call on macOS). Merge them into
a single thread-local struct so the hot path does one TLS access.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: fold stop/finalizing checks into EVAL_BREAKER

eval_breaker_tripped ran three checks per bytecode: the finalizing flag,
a thread-local stop_requested lookup, and the EVAL_BREAKER load. Add
STOP_BIT and FINALIZING_BIT so the per-instruction check is a single
relaxed atomic load; the slow path (check_signals) still re-derives the
exact per-thread answer. The bits are set alongside the per-thread flags
and cleared under the stop-the-world exclusion.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* gc: set the TRACKED bit with a plain store for freshly allocated objects

gc_bits is zero for a fresh allocation (both the freelist reuse path and
PyInner::new zero it), so track_new_object can initialise the bit with a
relaxed store instead of a fetch_or. Re-tracking resurrected objects keeps
the read-modify-write variant.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: skip thread exception publish when pushing/popping a None exc slot

Generator/coroutine resume pushes and pops an exc_info slot on every
send. When that slot is None the value returned by topmost_exception
cannot change (it skips None entries), so the thread-local exception
publish in push_exception/pop_exception is unnecessary.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: allocation-free keyword-call fast path and super() MRO walk

Keyword calls to plain functions where every parameter is filled exactly
once are reordered in place into the fast-locals layout (no IndexMap, no
keyword name clones); any mismatch falls back to the existing slow path
so error messages are unchanged. super().attr now walks the type's MRO
by reference instead of cloning every class into two Vecs per lookup.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* builtins: cheaper enumerate and zip iteration

enumerate kept its counter as a BigInt behind a write lock and did bignum
arithmetic on every item; use a machine integer that promotes to BigInt
only for huge/negative starts or on overflow. zip pre-sizes its per-item
Vec so the common two-iterable case allocates once.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* _asyncio: cache module objects and use native set/dict operations

Task registration re-resolved _asyncio module attributes and re-imported
contextvars on every task; the eager path additionally went through generic
call_method for set add/discard. Cache the module objects per thread
(validated by identity), split the contextvars cache from the task
containers, and use PySet/PyDict methods directly.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* perf: use mimalloc as global allocator for rustpython CLI

Adds mimalloc (0.1.52, default-features = false) as the #[global_allocator]
for the rustpython binary, gated behind a new `mimalloc` feature enabled
by default on non-wasm targets (dep declared under
target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))'.dependencies, so wasm builds
never pull it in regardless of default-features).

Profiling a `t = (a, b, c)` loop showed malloc/free at ~40% of samples on
macOS with the system allocator. Switching to mimalloc gives consistent
wins across small-object-heavy workloads, medians over 5-9 interleaved
A/B rounds (release build, this machine):

  tuple (5M `(a,b,c)`)         1.020s -> 0.863s  (1.18x)
  4-thread tuple (5M total)    1.643s -> 1.382s  (1.19x)
  class instances (2M)         0.874s -> 0.797s  (1.10x)
  dict-heavy (200k x 20)       2.196s -> 1.992s  (1.10x)
  string-heavy (join x 20)     0.662s -> 0.592s  (1.12x)
  nqueens (pyperformance)      0.327s -> 0.286s  (1.14x)
  chaos (pyperformance)        0.204s -> 0.191s  (1.06x)
  richards (pyperformance)     0.154s -> 0.151s  (1.02x)
  go (pyperformance)           0.411s -> 0.405s  (1.01x)
  listcomp / fib               ~neutral (<=1%)

Peak RSS (/usr/bin/time -l): instances workload roughly unchanged
(29.0MB -> 29.1MB); dict-heavy workload actually drops (155MB -> 106MB),
likely because mimalloc reclaims freed pages more aggressively than the
system allocator across repeated large-dict churn.

`cargo build` and `cargo build --release` are warning-free with the
default feature set, and `cargo build --release --no-default-features
--features stdlib,threading,importlib,stdio,host_env` (mimalloc
excluded) also builds cleanly. CI's wasm32-wasip1 and other
--no-default-features build matrices in .github/workflows already omit
`mimalloc` from their feature lists and target wasm via the
cfg(not(wasm32)) dependency gate, so no workflow changes needed.

`rustpython -m test -j4 test_gc test_weakref test_threading test_dict
test_list test_tuple test_str test_bytes test_memoryview test_ctypes
test_mmap test_array` passes identically (2541 tests, 241 skipped) on
both the baseline and mimalloc binaries.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: cap dict/set table shrink and compact holes on resize

asyncio's eager task path (and its per-task bookkeeping sets in general)
repeatedly adds and discards distinct task objects from a handful of
long-lived sets (_eager_tasks, _scheduled_tasks). Two dict_inner issues
turned that steady-state churn into the dominant cost of async_tree_eager:

1. resize() picked a target size of `used * 2` with no floor, so once a
   churny set settled around 1-2 live entries it shrank to a table that
   the very next insert would already overflow, forcing a resize on
   almost every single add. Clamping to the original minimum table size
   (8) restores the headroom dict/set start with.

2. `entries` only ever grows (holes from deletions are never reclaimed),
   so resize()'s rebuild pass scanned every entry ever inserted into the
   dict's lifetime, not just the live ones - a set with a stable working
   set size but heavy churn grew this scan, and the dict's memory, without
   bound. resize() now compacts holes out of `entries` first, matching
   CPython's compacting hash table and keeping the shape-stamp fast path
   (which already requires a hole-free layout) reachable more often.

Measured with a standalone async_tree micro-benchmark (6 levels x 6
branches, pyperformance's bm_async_tree "none"/"eager" shape) run inside
one process for 10 asyncio.run() iterations, comparing medians of
interleaved binary runs on an otherwise idle machine:

- eager: ~2.91s -> ~0.86s median (about 3.4x)
- none:  ~1.98s -> ~1.23s median (about 1.6x)

A single fresh-process run (no in-process accumulation) still improves
by roughly 15-20% for eager, since the resize-storm from point 1 hits
even a single run's worth of task churn.

test_asyncio (34 files, all passing), test_dict, test_set, test_weakref,
test_weakset, test_ordered_dict, test_gc, test_descr, test_class, and
`cargo test -p rustpython-vm -p rustpython-stdlib` all pass.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* _functools: add native _lru_cache_wrapper

RustPython had no native _functools._lru_cache_wrapper, so
functools.lru_cache always fell back to the pure-Python implementation
in Lib/functools.py (RLock, linked-list bookkeeping, closures). That
fallback dominates typing.Protocol's __instancecheck__ path: it calls
inspect.getattr_static, whose _shadowed_dict is itself lru_cache'd, so
every isinstance() check against a runtime-checkable protocol paid for
several pure-Python cache-wrapper calls plus lock acquisitions.

Add a native pyclass mirroring CPython's C _lru_cache_wrapper: a
reentrant lock scoped only around the cache lookup/insert steps (not
held across the wrapped call, matching CPython's threading behavior),
LRU ordering piggybacked on the cache dict's own insertion order
(move-to-end via del+reinsert, oldest evicted from the front) so no
separate key-comparison structure is needed, and __copy__/__deepcopy__
returning self to match CPython since __reduce__ (used only for
pickling) requires __qualname__, which wrapped non-function callables
such as functools.partial don't have.

Measured with a standalone script reproducing pyperformance's
bm_typing_runtime_protocols isinstance() loop (300 loops, medians of
5 interleaved runs): 0.260s -> 0.182s, about 1.43x faster. In
isolation, a cache-hit through lru_cache went from ~0.31s to ~0.07s
for 200k calls, now faster than calling the underlying function
uncached (matching CPython's C accelerator).

Verified with test_typing, test_abc, test_inspect, test_functools,
test_weakref, test_isinstance, and test_descr (all pass, matching the
pre-existing baseline, including test_functools's already-present
TestLRUC suite which now actually exercises the native implementation).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* sre_engine: ASCII fast path for \d \s \w unicode category checks

is_uni_digit/is_uni_space/is_uni_alnum went through icu_properties'
GeneralCategory table lookup for every character, even the common
ASCII case. Add a `ch < 0x80` fast path that resolves directly via
std's ascii predicates, falling back to the full table only for
non-ASCII code points (Latin-1 supplement chars like 'A-umlaut' still
route through the table since they are alphanumeric but not ASCII).

Measured on a tight `re.findall(r"\w+", ...)` / `re.sub` loop over
mostly-ASCII text (interleaved A/B, 4 rounds, medians):
  re.sub:    1.178s -> 1.134s  (~3.7% faster)
  re.findall: 1.110s -> 1.062s (~4.3% faster)

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: skip VM attach for no-op generator/coroutine __del__

Generator, coroutine, and async-generator dealloc always went through
drop_slow_inner's call_slot_del, which unconditionally attaches to a VM
(with_vm -> begin_interpreter_section -> per-interpreter thread-slot
hashmap lookup) before running del(), even though del() itself is a
documented no-op once the object is already closed or running - the
common case for a generator/coroutine consumed to completion.

Add PyTypeSlots::del_needed, an optional VM-free fast predicate checked
before call_slot_del/with_vm; generator, coroutine, and async_generator
install a check mirroring their own del() no-op branches, letting
drop_slow_inner and try_call_finalizer skip the VM attach entirely for
finished objects.

Standalone microbenchmarks (median of 5 interleaved runs):
- create+drain a 3-yield generator, 2M times: 1.099s -> 0.997s (-9%)
- pyperformance bm_generators shape (yield-from tree traversal): -4%
- pyperformance bm_coroutines shape (recursive fibonacci coroutines): -13%

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* _asyncio: skip full __import__ dispatch on module-cache hot path

with_asyncio_cache/with_contextvars_cache called vm.import("_asyncio"/
"contextvars", 0) on every Task/Future registration just to validate
their module-identity cache, even on the (overwhelming) hit path. That
still pays the full __import__ builtin dispatch (attribute lookup on
builtins, FuncArgs construction, native slot_call, ImportArgs parsing,
import_module_level) instead of a cheap sys.modules lookup. Added
fast_import_cached(), which checks sys.modules directly and only falls
back to vm.import on a miss (module missing/reloaded).

Measured with a standalone asyncio_tree-style microbenchmark
(6 levels x 6 branches, several asyncio.run() iterations per process,
median of 5 interleaved A/B rounds):
  none:      1.045s -> 0.895s (~14% faster)
  eager:     0.716s -> 0.591s (~17% faster)
  eager_tg:  1.023s -> 0.849s (~17% faster)

test_asyncio (all files), test_contextvars (module absent from this
checkout, pre-existing), test_weakref, test_weakset all pass/unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: skip VM-attach section in with_vm when already on the current interpreter

Object teardown (drop_slow_inner -> call_slot_del, try_call_finalizer,
weakref callbacks) calls with_vm(), which unconditionally went through
set_current_vm -> begin_interpreter_section: an INTERP_THREAD_SLOTS
HashMap lookup plus an Arc clone, even in the overwhelmingly common
case where the dropping thread is already attached to the exact
interpreter that owns the object (a __del__ object or weakref target
going out of scope mid-bytecode).

with_vm now checks whether the object's owning interpreter is already
the one on top of VM_STACK. Only the top of VM_STACK is ever ATTACHED
on a thread (every push is preceded by an attach, every pop restores
the enclosing attach), so when it matches we call f(vm) directly and
skip begin_interpreter_section/set_current_vm entirely. The rare
not-attached/different-interpreter cases (nested subinterpreters,
thread outside any VM, shutdown) fall through to the original
attach/detach path unchanged.

Interleaved release-build measurements (5 rounds, medians), plain-Rust
micro-scripts, no pyperf:
- 2M create+drop of a __del__ object: ~0.55s -> ~0.46s (~16% faster)
- 2M create+drop with a weakref callback: ~1.14s -> ~1.06s (~7% faster)
- 2M io.StringIO() create+drop: ~0.734s -> ~0.697s (~5% faster)
- fib(30) and a 5M-iteration tuple-unpack loop: unchanged (noise-level)

`sample` profiles of the __del__ benchmark confirm
begin_interpreter_section/ensure_thread_slot frames disappear after
the change.

Verified: `cargo test -p rustpython-vm --release`, and
`-m test -j4 test_gc test_weakref test_finalization test_threading
test_thread test_concurrent_futures test_os test_signal test_generators
test_io test_atexit test_sys` (test_interpreters module absent in this
tree, pre-existing). Also a 4-thread stress script hammering __del__
object creation against a concurrent gc.collect() loop for 10s, and a
threading+queue handoff dropping a __del__ object after cross-thread
transfer, both pass.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: general sys.modules fast path for vm.import

VirtualMachine::import always resolved and called builtins.__import__
(FuncArgs construction, native slot_call, ImportArgs::from_args, then
import_module_level) even when the module was already cached in
sys.modules. ~63 Rust stdlib call sites hit this on hot paths
(copyreg, pickle's reduce_newobj, warnings, asyncio, etc).

Add VirtualMachine::try_import_cached: for a plain absolute import
(level 0, empty from-list), if builtins.__import__ is still the
original import function (compared by identity against vm.import_func)
and the module -- or, for a dotted name, its top-level package -- is
already present and fully initialized in sys.modules, return it
directly, skipping the __import__ dispatch and import_module_level
entirely. Falls through to the existing slow path whenever the module
is uncached, still initializing, or __import__ has been overridden by
user code, so test_import/test_importlib/test_builtin overrides still
work.

Exposed import::is_module_initializing (refactored out of
import_ensure_initialized) so the fast path can check
__spec__._initializing the same way the slow path does.

Removes _asyncio's local fast_import_cached workaround (added in
cb2064f0e) now that vm.import itself has the same fast path generally.

Measured (interleaved A/B, 5 rounds, pickle.dumps of a plain object,
which hits copyreg import via reduce_newobj): ~2% wall-clock
improvement per call (baseline ~4.75s / 100k dumps vs ~4.66s
candidate), consistent across all rounds. Verified: overridden
__import__ still invoked, a replaced sys.modules is read through the
same accessor, and a self-importing/initializing module is not handed
out early -- all match baseline behavior.

test suite (test_import test_importlib test_builtin test_pkg
test_pkgutil test_runpy test_zipimport test_site test_warnings
test_copy test_pickle test_asyncio.test_tasks test_threaded_import
test_sys): 13/14 files pass; test_threaded_import fails identically on
baseline (ModuleNotFoundError, pre-existing, unrelated to this change).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* _asyncio: bypass generic context.run dispatch in task_eager_start

task_eager_start ran the first step via context.run(coro.send, None),
which builds a bound `send` method object and then re-enters the
generic Callable/FuncArgs dispatch just to invoke context.run's own
generic call. Since eager tasks in async_tree_eager complete almost
entirely synchronously (no event-loop scheduling needed), this
per-task dispatch overhead dominated. Enter/exit the native PyContext
directly and call coro.send via a single call_method instead,
falling back to the generic path for non-native Context subclasses.

async_tree_eager median: ~705ms -> ~697ms across 5 interleaved A/B
rounds (~1% eager-only win); async_tree (none) unaffected (noise-level
delta). test_asyncio (all files), test_weakref, test_weakset pass;
pre-existing test_contextvars module-not-found failure unchanged from
baseline.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: drop scopeguard::defer! from generator/coroutine resume hot path

resume_gen_frame restored owner/exc-slot/frame-chain state via a
scopeguard::defer! closure that ran on every exit (Ok, Err, or panic).
Since the closure's body is the function's only tail expression, a
plain captured result plus explicit cleanup (the same shape with_frame
already uses for the analogous call path) covers both normal exit
paths identically; only the recursion-depth decrement keeps a
scopeguard, matching with_frame's precedent that this codebase does
not otherwise guarantee generator/frame state consistency across a
Rust panic (panic=unwind is not used to implement any Python-level
control flow here).

Delegation-chain benchmark (chain.py, forwarding N values through a
yield-from chain) measures a small but consistent win: ~2-5% less
wall time per forwarded value at depths 1/4/16 across interleaved A/B
rounds. Single-generator create+finish cost is a wash.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: run generator bodies through the call trampoline

`Py<FrameObject>::resume` built its `ExecutingFrame` with
`tailcall_enabled: false`, because a `TailCall` result had nowhere to go:
the trampoline was reachable only from `run_frame_fast`, whose entry frame
lives on the data stack and can never yield. So every ordinary Python call
made from inside a generator or coroutine body re-entered `run_frame_fast`
recursively instead of being flattened.

Generalize the trampoline to drive a heap-resident entry frame whose
enter/exit bookkeeping belongs to its caller, and whose `Yield` is a valid
terminal result rather than a panic. `FrameKind` now says, per frame, what
the trampoline owes it: `Entry` (exit it, caller frees the storage),
`GenEntry` (`resume_gen_frame` linked it and will unlink it; a `Yield` is
the trampoline's result) or `Callee` (exit it and free its storage). The
three near-identical dispatch arms collapse into one `Step::Finished` /
`Step::Deliver` loop.

The suspended-frame stack moves onto the VM and is reused across
invocations: a generator body enters the trampoline once per resume, so a
`Vec::with_capacity(8)` there cost a malloc/free per yield (+27 ns/resume
when first measured). Invocations nest strictly LIFO, so each owns the
region above the length it finds on entry.

Neutral on its own — a generator body's first call was the only one not
already flattened, since the callee's own frame runs under the trampoline
either way. It is what lets SEND/FOR_ITER hand a generator frame to the
same loop. Measured (chain of `yield from`, 1-yield generator create+finish,
bm_generators, bm_coroutines, async_tree none/eager): within noise, except
generator create+finish 625 ns -> 603 ns.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: run a `yield from` chain in one eval loop

`SEND` on a suspended generator recursed: `Coro::send` -> `resume_gen_frame`
-> a fresh `ExecutingFrame::run` per level, and the value came back the same
way. Measured at ~55 ns per level of delegation, against CPython's ~5.8 ns.

Only about 5 ns of that is the resume bookkeeping itself (measured by
stubbing out the claim, the exception slot, the owner swap and the recursion
checks). The rest is what a delegating frame does per value: leave and
re-enter the eval loop, and dispatch `RESUME`, `JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT`,
`SEND` and `YIELD_VALUE` — four instructions that, in the canonical
`yield from` / `await` shape, only hand a value along.

So the trampoline now runs the chain itself. `SendGen` parks its frame and
returns `ExecutionResult::GenResume`; the trampoline claims and links the
sub-generator (`coroutine::flat_resume_enter`, the first half of what
`Coro::send` does around a resume) and runs its frame in the same loop. On
the way down, every frame it finds already suspended at a `yield from` whose
delegate can be resumed is parked without being run at all
(`yield_from_delegate`); on the way back up, a yielded value is re-yielded
for each such frame by parking its `lasti` past the `YIELD_VALUE`
(`park_after_yield_from`) instead of running it. A whole chain therefore
costs one claim/link/unlink per level and no instruction dispatch at all,
with `Py<FrameObject>::resume` extending the same treatment to the outermost
level, which is where `next()` and asyncio's task step enter a chain.

Each level is still claimed, linked and unlinked exactly as a recursive
`Coro::send` would, so `gi_running`, `f_back`, `gi_frame`, `gi_yieldfrom`,
`sys._getframe`, tracebacks, `throw`, `close`, PEP 479 and the
`RecursionError` depth are unchanged; `resume_gen_frame` and the flat path
share `gen_frame_link`/`gen_frame_unlink` and the invariants are documented
on `FlatResume`. Everything else keeps the recursive path: tracing or
monitoring on (both would see the skipped instructions), `throw`/`close`,
async generators, subclasses, non-generator iterators, `FOR_ITER`, a `SEND`
that is not a `yield from`, and a delegate that has not started or is not
itself delegating — the last two because one lone level costs more to hand
to the trampoline than to send into from the eval loop the caller is in.

Measured (median of 5, ns/value or seconds):

    chain of `yield from`, depth 16   911   -> 479   -47%
    chain of `yield from`, depth 4    212   -> 158   -26%
    bm_generators                     0.272 -> 0.187 -31%
    richards                          0.772 -> 0.771    ~0
    bm_coroutines                     0.0129 -> 0.0130 +0.8%
    async_tree none                   ~neutral
    chain depth 1 (no delegation)     81.1  -> 83.6  +3.1%
    fib(24), calls through trampoline 0.0180 -> 0.0183 +1.7%

Per level of delegation: 55.3 ns -> 26.4 ns (CPython 3.14: 5.8 ns).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: reset the oparg prefix when a signal unwinds a frame

An `EXTENDED_ARG` leaves its prefix in `arg_state` for the instruction that
follows it. The signal path in the eval loop unwinds to a handler and
`continue`s straight back to the top, skipping the loop's own
`arg_state.reset()`, so the handler's first instruction was decoded with the
interrupted instruction's prefix still applied. Every other path that jumps
somewhere new — the `set_f_lineno` restart just above — resets first.

Reachable whenever a signal arrives on the instruction right after an
`EXTENDED_ARG` in a frame that has a handler: a `KeyboardInterrupt` into a
`yield from` chain panicked with `InvalidBytecode` in roughly half of the
runs of a 16-deep chain, and now does not in ten out of ten.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* bytecode: fetch a code unit with one 16-bit acquire load

The dispatch loop read the opcode with an Acquire `AtomicU8` load and the
arg byte with a separate Relaxed one. The acquire load sits between the
two, so LLVM had to re-load `self.code` and `code.instructions` for the
second access: four extra instructions and two extra dependent loads on
the instruction-fetch path of every bytecode instruction.

`CodeUnits::read_unit` reads both bytes as a single aligned Acquire
`AtomicU16`, which pairs with `replace_op`'s Release store exactly as
`read_op` did. `CodeUnit` gains `align(2)` so the 16-bit access is
guaranteed aligned rather than relying on the allocator.

5.91 -> 5.76 ns/bytecode-instruction on a straight-line
LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST loop (-2.5%); range loop -2%.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: compute the cache-entry count after dispatch, not before

`op.cache_entries()` is a byte-table lookup used only to skip inline
cache units after an instruction falls through. Computing it before the
handler kept it live across the whole (very large) inlined match, so
every bytecode instruction paid an address materialization, the table
load, a stack spill and a reload of the count.

Moving it next to its only use lets it be computed on the fall-through
path with the value in a register.

Measured together with the following commit (the eval-breaker outline):
5.76 -> 5.55 ns/bytecode-instruction on a straight-line
LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST loop, range loop -1.5%, fib(27) -2.5%.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: move the eval-breaker body out of the dispatch loop

The eval-breaker check itself stays inline on the per-instruction path
(moving it off regresses badly), but everything it guards -- the
finalizing/main-thread check, stop-the-world suspend, the QSBR
checkpoint, signal delivery and the scheduled GC -- was inlined into the
loop body too. That code is never executed on the hot path yet its
address materializations and live values competed for registers with
every opcode handler, so the loop head spilled more than it needed to.

`eval_breaker_work` is `#[cold] #[inline(never)]`, leaving a single
`ldrb`/`cbz` pair inline for the common "nothing pending" case.

Measured with the preceding commit: 5.76 -> 5.55 ns/bytecode-instruction
on a straight-line LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST loop.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: always inline the eval stack push/pop primitives

`pop_value`, `pop_value_opt`, `top_value` and friends are a handful of
instructions each, but `ExecutingFrame::run` is ~50 KB of inlined opcode
handlers, so LLVM's inline budget refused them and emitted real calls:
STORE_FAST and POP_TOP each began with `bl ...pop_value`, which also
forced spills around the call. `#[inline(always)]` puts the four or five
instructions they actually are back into the handlers.

5.55 -> 5.29 ns/bytecode-instruction on a straight-line
LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST loop (-4.8%); nbody -3.5%, fib(27) -3.5%,
`s += i` loop -3.5%, `for _ in range(n)` -4%.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: carry the instruction fetch state in loop locals

Instruction fetch went through memory three times per bytecode
instruction: `self.lasti` (a pointer field) was re-loaded, the program
counter was stored to it and read back at the top of the next iteration,
and `self.code` -> `code.instructions` was re-loaded to address the code
unit. LLVM cannot keep any of them in registers because the handlers
write through `&mut self`, so the fetch chain started with a
store-to-load round trip followed by two dependent pointer loads.

`lasti_cell` and `instructions` are now copied into locals once (both are
plain shared references with the frame's lifetime), and the program
counter is carried in `idx`: after a handler that did not jump the next
index is already known from `lasti_before` plus the cache count. The
frame's `lasti` is still stored before every instruction, so tracebacks,
`f_lineno`, signals and `sys._getframe` see exactly what they did; only
the read-back is gone. The paths that unwind (signal, exception handler,
`set_f_lineno`) re-read it, since they jump to a new position.

Also collapses the eval-breaker `if`, which clippy flagged after the
previous commit moved its body out of line.

range loop -3.3%, richards -3.1%, nbody -2.9%, `s += i` loop -2.2%,
go -1.7%, raytrace -1.2%; mean -1.1% over the 13-benchmark set. The
straight-line LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST micro is unchanged at 5.28
ns/bytecode-instruction (it has no cache entries and never jumps, so it
was already the best case for the old code).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* bytecode: hoist the instruction array base out of the dispatch loop

Addressing a code unit still went `self.code` -> `code.instructions` ->
the `Box<[CodeUnit]>` data pointer on every instruction, two dependent
loads before the acquire load that fetches the unit itself, because the
handlers write through `&mut self` and LLVM has to assume the fields
could change.

The instruction array is allocated once when the code object is built
and never reallocated -- specialization rewrites units in place -- so
`CodeUnits::units_ptr` may be read once before the loop and reused.
`read_unit_from` is the same 16-bit acquire load taken from that base;
`read_unit` now delegates to it, and the index is unchecked exactly as
it was before.

nqueens -1.9%, raytrace -1.6%, range loop -1.3%, deltablue -1.1%,
nbody -0.8%, dispatch micro -0.7%; mean -0.7% over the 13-benchmark set.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* common: an immortal bit in the refcount word

Atomic reference counting is about a third of what a bytecode costs now
that the dispatch loop is trimmed: built `--no-default-features`, where
`PyAtomic` is a `Cell`, the straight-line dispatch micro runs at
3.5 ns/instruction against 5.4. Every `TO_BOOL`/`POP_JUMP_IF_*` pair and
every `None` or small-int push pays a relaxed `ldadd` and a `Release`
`ldaddl` on an object that can never die.

PEP 683's answer is to say so in the word. A fourth flag bit, `IMMORTAL`,
takes a bit from the strong count (leaving 60 on a 64-bit target, 28 on a
32-bit one, both far past what a program reaches); `make_immortal` sets it
and parks the count at CPython's `_Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT`, and `inc`,
`inc_by`, `dec` and `safe_inc` read the bit and return without touching
the counter. The parked count is what keeps the rest of the tree honest
without a special case: it is far too large for a `strong_count() == 1`
in-place-mutation fast path to fire on, and `start_gc_refs` already reads
a count that large as `GC_REACHABLE`, so an immortal object is a permanent
root that keeps its referents alive.

Two details pay for the branch the mortal path now runs, which cost 4% on
object-heavy benchmarks before they went in:

* `leak` sets `IMMORTAL` alongside `LEAKED`. An interned object could
  already never reach zero, so `dec` no longer needs the test it made on
  the result of the decrement: the immortal test at the top decides both.
* `inc`'s three exceptional cases — a destructed word, a count at the
  ceiling, a count at zero — fold into one comparison against the masked
  word, with the handling moved to a cold helper.

What is left is one instruction on `dec` and roughly nothing on `inc`, and
the mortal path measures at parity.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: make the singletons, small ints, interned strings and static types immortal

Everything the `Context` builds once and keeps — `None`, `True`, `False`,
`Ellipsis`, `NotImplemented`, the empty tuple, frozenset, bytes and str,
the -5..256 int cache and the interned one-character strings — is now
marked immortal, as is every static type object, which its `static_cell`
holds for the life of the process. So is every entry of the string pool:
`mark_intern` already stopped those refcounts from reaching zero, so
immortality frees no memory that would otherwise have been freed; it only
takes the atomic read-modify-write off every incref and decref of an
attribute name, a dict key or a docstring.

Straight-line dispatch micro (200 LOAD_FAST/STORE_FAST pairs over cached
ints, median of 5 interleaved runs): 5.39 -> 4.01 ns/instruction, -26%.
A four-thread `if flag:` loop, where the contention on the shared bool was
real: 2.36 s -> 2.14 s, -10%.

pyperformance bench functions run standalone, medians of 5 interleaved
rounds against a matched build: fannkuch -7.8%, nqueens -3.8%, chaos
-3.0%, raytrace +1.0%, go +1.2%, richards +4.2%, nine of them together
-2.9%. Per-benchmark deltas under about 4% sit inside this tree's
build-to-build ThinLTO layout noise, which reaches that size between two
builds of identical source.

Observable: `sys.getrefcount` of an immortal object reports 4294967295,
CPython's `_Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT`, and stops moving — what
`test_sys.test_refcount` expects of `None`. `is_interned`, and the dict
pointer-equality key fast path behind it, keep answering from the separate
`LEAKED` bit.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* codecs: fast-path utf-8 decode, skipping the codec registry round trip

bytes.decode('utf-8') / str(bytes, 'utf-8', ...) always went through the
generic codec registry: a per-call attribute lookup for
_is_text_encoding, then a full call into the pure-Python
encodings.utf_8.decode wrapper, which called back into the native
utf_8_decode and unpacked a 2-tuple result.

CPython's PyUnicode_Decode special-cases a handful of built-in encoding
names (utf-8 among them) and decodes them directly, bypassing the codec
registry entirely -- a codecs.register() override does not affect
str(b"...", "utf-8") there either. This adds the same fast path here:
recognized utf-8 aliases go straight to the native decoder.

Measured with a pure-Python `str(bytes, 'utf-8', 'surrogatepass')` loop:
~723ns -> ~401ns per call (1.8x). On the pyperformance unpickle
benchmark (which decodes short strings this way for every
SHORT_BINUNICODE opcode): ~14.4ms -> ~13.2ms per loop, an ~8.3% win.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* codecs: fast-path utf-8/ascii/latin-1 encode and ascii/latin-1 decode

Extend the utf-8 decode fast path from 3fe684629 to the symmetric encode
direction (str.encode()/bytes(s, enc)), and add the same registry-skipping
fast path for ascii and latin-1 encode/decode, all of which are simple
native codecs.rs functions already. For utf-8 encode with no surrogates in
the string (the common case), encoding is just a copy of the string's
existing UTF-8 bytes, so that's the fastest path; strings containing
surrogates and non-strict error handlers still go through the native
encoder + ErrorsHandler, matching custom codecs.register_error handlers.

Measured (median of interleaved runs vs baseline, 2M iterations):
  str.encode("utf-8"):   351ns -> 195ns  (-44%)
  str.encode():          449ns -> 291ns  (-35%)
  bytes(s, "utf-8"):     542ns -> 382ns  (-30%)
  str.encode("ascii"):   436ns -> 302ns  (-31%)
  str.encode("latin-1"): 487ns -> 333ns  (-32%)
  bytes.decode("ascii"): 519ns -> 359ns  (-31%)
  bytes.decode("latin-1"):590ns -> 417ns (-29%)
  bytes.decode("utf-8")/str(b,"utf-8"): unchanged (already fast-pathed)

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: make the runtime safe for borrowed stack entries

`PyStackRef` has carried a borrow tag since the stack was unified with the
fastlocals, but only `LOAD_SMALL_INT` -- which borrows immortal `Context`
objects -- ever set it, so nothing in the runtime had to be right about
borrowed entries. Turning `LOAD_FAST_BORROW` into a real borrow makes three
places load-bearing, and this fixes them ahead of the switch.

`Traverse for PyStackRef` handed every entry to the tracer, borrowed ones
included. The cycle collector subtracts one from an object's `gc_refs` per
edge it is shown, so a borrowed entry -- which owns no strong count -- would
have pushed a live object's count to zero and freed it out from under the
frame. Borrowed entries are now skipped; nothing becomes unreachable, because
the fastlocals slot the entry borrows from is on the same traversal.

`park_after_yield_from` stands in for a `YIELD_VALUE` that never runs, so the
`promote_stack()` in that handler never ran either; it now promotes there too,
and the debug assertion after it stops being vacuous.

`STORE_FAST`, `DELETE_FAST` and the fused stores now call
`LocalsPlus::debug_audit_local_release`, which in debug builds panics if the
slot is about to drop the last count of an object a borrowed entry still
points at -- the one shape codegen's `optimize_load_fast` exists to prevent,
and the one that would be a use-after-free if the analysis or a modelled stack
effect were wrong.

`BORROW_LOCAL_LOADS` (off) is the switch for the borrow itself, and
`LOAD_FAST_BORROW`/`LOAD_FAST_BORROW_LOAD_FAST_BORROW` now go through
`push_local`, which is a plain clone while it is off. The invariant the switch
depends on is written out where `PyStackRef` is defined.

No measurable change: with the switch off the only behavioral difference is
the traversal fix, which no current bytecode can reach.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: read consumed stack entries in place instead of owning them

`pop_value()` turns whatever is on the stack into an owned `PyObjectRef`, so
an instruction that only reads its operand still pays a reference count round
trip -- and, once `LOAD_FAST_BORROW` starts pushing borrows, would pay an
atomic increment to promote a borrow it is about to throw away. This moves
every consumer that never needs ownership onto `pop_stackref()`, which hands
back the tagged entry and costs nothing for a borrow.

Discarding pops (62 of them, across the `LOAD_ATTR`, `TO_BOOL`, `BINARY_OP`,
`COMPARE_OP`, `CONTAINS_OP` and `CALL` specializations, which read their
operands through `top_value()`/`nth_value()` and then drop them) become
`pop_stackref()`. So do the read-only operands of `POP_TOP`, `POP_JUMP_IF_*`,
`TO_BOOL`, `BINARY_OP`, `COMPARE_OP`, `CONTAINS_OP`, `IS_OP`, `STORE_ATTR`,
`DELETE_ATTR`, `STORE_SUBSCR`, `DELETE_SUBSCR` and `UNPACK_SEQUENCE`.

Two protocol entry points had to move from an owned receiver to `&PyObject` to
make that reachable: `try_to_bool`, which never used the ownership it took,
and `rich_compare`, which forwards to the `&self` `_cmp` anyway. Both keep
working unchanged for `PyObjectRef` callers through deref.

`LOAD_ATTR`'s method specializations popped the receiver and pushed it
straight back below the bound function; they now move the entry across with
its tag intact, which is how CPython keeps a method call's receiver borrowed
from `LOAD_ATTR` all the way through `CALL`. The plain attribute read reads
through the receiver rather than owning it.

Neutral while `BORROW_LOCAL_LOADS` is off -- for an owned entry
`pop_stackref()` and `pop_value()` compile to the same thing.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: turn LOAD_FAST_BORROW into an actual borrow

`LOAD_FAST_BORROW` accounts for 21.5% of executed instructions on
nbody+richards+nqueens, and until now it did exactly what `LOAD_FAST` does:
an atomic increment on the way onto the stack and, from the instruction that
consumed it, an atomic release decrement on the way off. Neither is needed.
The fastlocals slot holds a count for as long as the entry is on the stack --
codegen's `optimize_load_fast` only rewrites a `LOAD_FAST` when it can prove
the entry is consumed before anything can release that slot -- so the entry
can be a borrow that owns nothing, which is what CPython 3.14 does with a
tagged `_PyStackRef`.

Flipping `BORROW_LOCAL_LOADS` on is the whole change; the two preceding
commits are what make it safe (cycle-collector traversal, yield-point
promotion, a debug audit of the invariant) and what make it pay (consumers
that read through the entry rather than promoting it back to owned).

Medians of 7 interleaved rounds, this machine, against the pre-series binary:

  straight-line while loop   6.32 -> 6.01 ns/instruction  (-5.0%)
  x = a + b loop             -6.3%      if flag: loop     -3.8%
  attribute-read loop        -5.2%      method-call loop  -3.3%
  subscript loop             -6.7%      fib(27)           -0.8%

  nbody   -2.6%   fannkuch -1.7%   nqueens  +1.3%   richards -3.0%
  deltablue -2.3% go       -3.0%   raytrace -1.7%   float    -3.2%
  chaos   -2.6%   spectral_norm -2.5%      mean     -2.1%

About half of that is the consumer rewrite alone (mean -1.0% with the switch
still off) and the rest is the borrow. nqueens is the one benchmark that goes
the other way, by less than the roughly 4% of build-to-build layout noise this
tree has, and it moves with the consumer rewrite rather than the switch.

Full suite green (418 files, 42,110 tests). A build with debug assertions on
runs the suite with no audit failure, and trips the audit exactly when
`LOAD_FAST` is forced to borrow in a shape codegen refuses to convert
(`f(x, (x := None))`). Adversarial scripts -- swap loops and reassignment
under `__del__` tracking, argument evaluation that deletes its sibling,
`a[a.pop()]`, closures over a rebound cell, generators dropped while
suspended, tracebacks whose `f_locals` are read after unwinding, `settrace`
writing `f_locals` mid-expression, a method receiver whose local is cleared
while the call is being built, `__add__`/`__lt__`/`__bool__` that clear the
local their operand came from, threads sharing objects through locals, and
`gc.collect()` from a finalizer -- all agree with CPython 3.13 under
`gc.set_threshold(1, 1, 1)`, in both builds.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: exact-dict fast path for DICT_MERGE and CALL_FUNCTION_EX kwargs

`g(**d)` on an exact dict compiled to BUILD_MAP+DICT_MERGE+CALL_FUNCTION_EX
and paid for two Python-level `keys()`/`__getitem__` round trips per key at
both the DICT_MERGE handler and collect_ex_args' iterate_mapping_keys, even
though the source is a plain dict. Add an exact-dict (downcast + type
check, so subclasses still go through the mapping protocol) fast path to
both sites that iterates entries natively via PyDict::items_vec, matching
CPython's PyDict_Check fast paths in PyDict_Merge / CALL_FUNCTION_EX.

Measured (1M calls, release build): g(**d) 1320ns -> 665ns, f(**d)
1470ns -> 900ns, c.m(**d) 1690ns -> 1135ns, f(x=1,**d) 1600ns -> 1035ns,
f(**d1,**d2) 1700ns -> 1013ns. bm_django_template ~7% faster,
bm_argparse (subparsers) ~7% faster.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: skip the recursion guard hashing exact ints inside a tuple

tuple.__hash__ hashed every element through PyObject::hash, which wraps
each call in with_recursion's native-stack-depth check. That guard exists
for elements whose hash can recurse into arbitrary Python code, but
int.__hash__ is a leaf computation - it can neither recurse nor call back
into Python - so the check is pure overhead for the overwhelmingly common
case of tuples of plain ints (e.g. namedtuple-shaped dict keys).

pyperformance's mdp benchmark builds huge tables keyed by tuples of deeply
nested namedtuples whose leaves are ints; profiling with `sample` showed
PyObject::hash/with_recursion/tuple's slot_hash dominating the CPU time.
Hashing exact-int elements directly via hash::hash_bigint cuts mdp's
wall time from ~6.79s to ~4.81s (median of 5 interleaved runs), about 29%
faster, with no change to hash values or recursion-guard behavior for any
other element type.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: wire slot descriptors from __slots__ into C-level type slots

Classes that put a dunder name (e.g. "__setitem__") into __slots__ get
a per-instance member descriptor for it, which is a legitimate way to
override a special method per-instance (chameleon's tal.RepeatDict does
exactly this). PyType::new_verbose ran init_slots() to compute
mp_ass_subscript/mp_subscript/etc. before these member descriptors were
added to the type's attribute namespace, so the slot lookup never saw
them and __setitem__/__getitem__ silently fell back to "does not
support item assignment".

Fix by calling update_slot for each dunder-shaped __slots__ member
right after it is installed on the type, mirroring what
type.__setattr__ already does for regular attribute updates.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* frame: stop allocating cold data to close a generator

`clear_locals_and_stack`, which runs whenever a generator or coroutine
comes to an end, reached for the frame's lazily-allocated `FrameColdData`
through `cold()`. That allocates it on first access, so every finishing
generator paid a `Box<FrameColdData>` malloc and free just to find
`f_extra_locals`, `f_locals_cache` and `f_overwritten_fast_locals` all
empty -- cold data is only ever populated by tracing and frame
introspection. Ask for it with `cold_opt()` instead and skip the three
reads when it was never allocated.

Medians of interleaved A/B runs, ns per generator create+finish over a
plain call: `for _ in g(): pass` 265 -> 231 (-13%), a coroutine that
completes synchronously 642 -> 617 (-4%), `sum(x for x in range(3))`
1033 -> 997 (-3.5%).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* function: bind exact args straight into a generator's frame

Calling a generator, coroutine or async generator function took the
general argument-binding path even when the call site was the simplest
possible one. `invoke_exact_args_slots` and the vectorcall fast path both
recognised the shape -- every parameter positional, filled exactly once
-- and then handed generator-like code back to `invoke()`, which built a
`FuncArgs` (a `Vec` plus an `IndexMap`) only for
`fill_locals_from_args_inner` to walk varargs packing, keyword matching
and defaults that this shape cannot reach.

Add `make_generator_exact_args`, the counterpart of
`prepare_exact_args_frame` for the one call shape it refuses: it builds
the heap frame the generator will own, moves the arguments straight into
its fastlocals and returns the generator. Both fast paths now use it. The
vectorcall one matters on its own for generator expressions, whose fresh
`MAKE_FUNCTION` on every evaluation keeps them out of the call-site
specialization that would otherwise catch them.

Medians of interleaved A/B runs, ns per create+finish over a plain call:
`for _ in g(): pass` 231 -> 218 (-6%), a synchronously-completing
coroutine 616 -> 598 (-3%), `sum(x for x in range(3))` 1007 -> 967 (-4%).

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* frame: drain a dead frame in place instead of moving it out

Three allocations and a large move on the path a finishing generator
takes to release its frame.

`Traverse::clear` opened with `self.iframe.get_mut().take()`, moving the
whole `InterpreterFrame` -- a couple of hundred bytes -- out of its slot
and onto the stack, only to drop it there. Drain it through `as_mut()`
and empty the slot afterwards.

`LocalsPlus::clear_into` collected the evaluation stack into a `Vec` that
existed only to be extended into the caller's; push into that one
directly. And `clear_stack_and_cells` built (and dropped) a `Vec` for a
stack it had not looked at -- a frame that reached its `return`, which is
every generator that simply finished, left nothing there. Look first.

Medians of 5 interleaved rounds, ns per create+finish: `for _ in g():
pass` 307 -> 297 (-3.4%), a synchronously-completing coroutine 600 -> 585
(-2.5%), `list(g())` 565 -> 558; a plain call is unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: don't raise a TypeError to ask an iterator for its length

`length_hint_opt` opened with `iter.length()`, whose whole job on a type
with no length slot is to build the `TypeError` that says so -- which
this caller then catches, recognises and discards. Every iterator and
every generator takes that path, and `list()` calls it on whatever it is
handed, so a `list(gen)` paid for an exception object per call.
`length_opt` answers the same question with `None`. CPython's
`PyObject_LengthHint` gates the call on the slots for the same reason.

Median of 5 interleaved rounds: `list(g())` x200k for a 1-yield
generator 556 -> 407 ns (-27%). pyperformance generators, coroutines,
comprehensions and async_tree are unchanged, as are nqueens, richards
and chaos.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* gc: track a generator and its frame in one pass

Making a generator tracks two objects that are born together and die
together -- the generator and the frame it owns -- and each one took the
gen0 list lock and a thread-local read of the running interpreter for
itself. Give the pair one entry point: `PyGenerator`, `PyCoroutine` and
`PyAsyncGen` opt out of tracking at allocation, the way frames already
do, and `make_generator_or_coro` links both into gen0 under a single
lock, with one owner read and one collection check.

Medians of 5 interleaved rounds: pyperformance coroutines -2.5%,
generators -0.9%; `for _ in g(): pass` over a plain call 205 -> 200 ns.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* dict_inner: fast-path exact-int equality in key_eq

Mirrors CPython's lookdict: two exact `int` keys now compare by BigInt
value directly instead of going through the generic rich-compare
dispatch (identical_or_equal -> bool_eq -> rich_compare_bool -> __eq__
slot lookup). Falls back to bool_eq whenever either side isn't exactly
`int` (subclasses may override __eq__), so behavior is unchanged there.

Measured (min-of-6 rounds, 2M-iteration micros, this tree's build has
~4% layout noise so min is used as the noise floor):
- dict_int_lookup (`d[i]`, int keys): 70.9ns -> 62.0ns (-12.5%)
- dict_str_lookup / dict_tuple_lookup / set_str_contains: unchanged
  (within noise), confirming no regression on non-int keys.

pyperformance sanity checks (single round each, base vs candidate):
bm_mdp median ~5027ms/loop vs ~5003ms/loop (no regression, hashing
isn't the dominant cost there); bm_nqueens, bm_go, bm_deltablue,
bm_hexiom, bm_chaos all within ~1% (noise).

Hash/equality values cross-checked bit-identical against CPython 3.14
for 0, 1, -1, True, False, 2**61-1, 2**61, -(2**63), 2**100, -(2**100),
and int/float/bool/Decimal/Fraction(1) hash-equality invariants.

Also tried an exact-type fast dispatch in PyObject::hash (skipping the
slots.hash vtable call + with_recursion for exact int/str) - it only
moved hash_small_int/hash_large_int by ~2%, under the 3% bar, so it was
not committed.

Tests: `rustpython -m test -j4 test_hash test_int test_long test_tuple
test_dict test_set test_dictviews test_ordered_dict test_collections
test_fractions test_numeric_tower test_float test_bool test_str
test_userdict test_weakref` all pass (1796 run, 72 skipped). `cargo
test -p rustpython-vm --release -p rustpython-common` passes. clippy
clean on the touched lines.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: let the modulus type handle a three-argument pow

CPython's ternary dispatch offers the operation to the third operand's type
whenever its slot differs from the two already tried, including the case where
neither operand had one. The port required both of those slots to exist, so
`pow(10, 2, Decimal(7))` never reached `Decimal` and raised TypeError.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: add a feature-gated opcode-pair histogram

Counts `(prev_op, op)` in the dispatch loop and dumps the nonzero pairs at
exit, so superinstruction and specialization candidates can be ranked from
what pyperformance-shaped code actually dispatches rather than guessed at.

Entirely behind the non-default `opcode-histogram` feature: the module is
`#[cfg]`-ed out and the loop's two-line hook with it, so a default build is
byte-identical to one without the patch.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* vm: let boolean producers run the branch that follows them

`TO_BOOL*`, `COMPARE_OP*`, `CONTAINS_OP*` and `IS_OP` materialised a bool
only for the `POP_JUMP_IF_*` one dispatch later to pop and test it, and the
compiler's `NOT_TAKEN` marker cost a third dispatch on the fall-through edge.
Generalise the `COMPARE_OP_INT`-only jump fusion so every boolean producer
resolves the jump itself, and step over `NOT_TAKEN` from there and from the
plain `POP_JUMP_IF_*` handlers. Both back off to ordinary dispatch when the
successor is an instrumented opcode or while tracing, so `sys.monitoring`
branch events and `sys.settrace` opcode events are unaffected.

Dispatches over 13 standalone pyperformance benchmarks: -5.0% total
(richards -11.7%, unpickle_pure_python -8.9%, sympy -8.4%, hexiom -8.1%,
django_template -7.1%, go -6.1%; nbody unchanged). Times, best of 7
interleaved rounds: deltablue -4.0%, hexiom -3.5%, go -3.4%,
unpickle_pure_python -3.3%, richards -3.2%, raytrace -3.0%, nqueens -1.9%,
geomean -1.0%; a branch-heavy microbenchmark -4.7% against a straight-line
control at 0%.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-fable-5-1

* Adapt yield-from resume to optional generator frames

Coro.frame is now PyAtomicRef<Option<FrameObject>>, so the flattened
resume path uses frame_opt/clear_except_code instead of a direct frame.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Fix clippy and cr_origin after try_to_bool/f_lineno changes

try_to_bool now takes &self, so drop the leftover clones. Derive
cr_origin lines from lasti instead of prev_line, and satisfy
-Dwarnings on the immortal-refcount and del_needed types.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Convert fd filenames without the os ToPyObject impl

host_env-free builds (sandbox check, wasm) do not compile os.rs, so
OsPathOrFd::filename cannot use Borrowed's ToPyObject. Use as_raw()
instead, which is the same conversion.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Gate fd path helpers on the host_env feature

WASM clippy builds rustpython-vm without host_env, so OsPathOrFd and
the fspath/fd helpers are unused and fail -Dwarnings.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Drop redundant pickle try_to_bool clones after rebase

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Document why enumerate keeps a Counter beside BigInt

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Move fd path helpers into ospath_fd under host_env

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Group threading eval-breaker bits in one module

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Make InterpreterFrame construction unsafe

run_iframe stays safe: a live frame already has valid identity pointers.

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

* Move OsPathOrFd re-export to the top of ospath.rs

Assisted-by: Grok:4.6

---------

Co-authored-by: Lee Dogeon <dev.moreal@gmail.com>
2026-09-20 00:32:26 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 300d8bdc02 Honor inline values, custom mro, and type lookup (#8729)
* Add inline values flags and special-method lookup

lookup_maybe_method clears AttributeError from descr_get.
slot_tp_richcompare treats a miss as NotImplemented.
hackcheck rejects object.__setattr__ on types.
Heap types with a managed dict and itemsize 0 get
INLINE_VALUES; _testinternalcapi.has_inline_values
reports the valid bit.
super is a base type; subclass __get__ binds the instance.
__classcell__/__qualname__ may share a name with a slot.
Unset member access uses the type's fully qualified name.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Call custom mro and descr_get for type.__new__

type.mro() computes C3 from the current bases.
A metaclass other than type supplies the MRO via mro().
super() compares obj.__class__ to the instance type.
slot_tp_new looks up __new__ through descr_get.
is_subtype walks the stored MRO without an identity shortcut.
__slots__ names are sorted so __class__ assignment matches.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Expose _testinternalcapi recursion and rare events

get_recursion_depth feeds test.support.infinite_recursion.
SPECIALIZATION_* and SHARED_KEYS_MAX_SIZE match the
adaptive counters. Rare-event hooks increment on
__class__/__bases__/function/builtins writes.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Add remaining _testinternalcapi code and locale APIs

Expose get_co_localskinds, get_code_var_counts, verify_stateless_code,
code_returns_only_none, normalize_path, EncodeLocaleEx, DecodeLocaleEx,
and run_in_subinterp_with_config. Mark unimplemented compiler IR and
specialization monitoring tests as expectedFailure.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix lint for _testinternalcapi identifiers

Add CPython identifier spellings to the cspell dictionary and apply
the rustfmt signature that CI rewrote.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Expand _testinternalcapi with remaining test APIs

Add constants, compiler_cleandoc, dict_getitem_knownhash, time
helpers, interpreter/frame accessors, configs, static types, a
persistent hamt map, and GC/size counters used by the test suite.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Expose compiler IR APIs in _testinternalcapi

Add InstructionSequence and compiler_codegen, optimize_cfg, and
assemble_code_object. Drop expectedFailure marks on tests that pass.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Match optimize_cfg consts and addop locations

Write optimized consts back into the caller's list, mark SETUP_*
pseudo-ops as having an argument, and store addop locations in
instruction-sequence field order. Drop expectedFailure marks on
tests that pass.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix hamt API, SETUP_* HAS_ARG, and FOR_ITER events

Honor explicit pseudo flags when generating opcode metadata so
SETUP_FINALLY/CLEANUP/WITH keep HAS_ARG after regeneration.

Complete the _testinternalcapi hamt mapping: identity on
set/delete, richcompare, weakrefs, subscript, contains, and
length-bearing iterators.

Fire RAISE/STOP_ITERATION for FOR_ITER StopIteration, and skip
both END_FOR and POP_ITER for the exhausted-branch destination.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Skip FOR_ITER RAISE for sequence iterators

List/range/tuple exhaustion matches FOR_ITER_LIST/RANGE/TUPLE and
must not emit a monitoring RAISE. That event stopped pdb's
monitoring backend on for-over-list with Internal StopIteration.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6

* Fix generator FOR_ITER events and review issues

Restore settrace StopIteration for generator for-loops so
test_bdb next/return cases pass, while sequence iterators still
skip RAISE.

Honor review notes: addop oparg bounds, linetable locations,
AST instance errors, MRO subclass lock, builtin-dict notify,
direct-base layout flags, and leftover _testinternalcapi args.

Assisted-by: Grok:grok-4.6
2026-09-19 00:40:20 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon f9b177719b Fix formatting, numeric, unicode, codec, complex and marshal mismatches found by differential testing (#8600)
* Fix %-formatting of bytes precision, width and %c errors

`format_bytes` subtracted the byte length from the field width without
saturating, so `b'%1s' % (b'abcde',)` aborted with a capacity overflow.
A precision written as a bare dot now truncates to nothing, and `%r`/`%a`
on bytes now honour the precision and width like the other conversions.

`%c` with a bytes, bytearray or str argument that is not one unit long
now names the argument by its length instead of by its type.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Fix format spec handling of grouping, bool, 'c' and complex

A grouping option next to an unrecognised presentation type now reports
"Cannot specify ',' with 'a'." instead of falling through to the type
check. `format(True, spec)` now validates the spec the way an int does.

The 'c' type now pads and aligns its character, and an integer outside
the C long range raises OverflowError rather than reporting a code point
out of range.

A complex formatted with the 'n'/'g' types or with a precision and no
type now goes through the general format without forcing a fraction.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Round floats at a negative ndigits from the exact decimal digits

Dividing by a power of ten rounded twice: once when the quotient was
stored and again at the tie, so e.g. `round(2.5e2, -2)` came out as 300.0.
The digits now come from the exact decimal expansion of the value.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Report the requested base in int literal errors and reject a bare sign

An invalid literal parsed with base 0 named the base that the prefix
turned out to mean rather than 0. A string of nothing but a sign was
taken for the old octal form and returned 0 instead of raising.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Split, strip and expand tabs over the Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE set

`str.split`, `rsplit`, `strip`, `lstrip` and `rstrip` with no separator
used Rust's whitespace predicate, which differs from the 29 code points
`Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE` names: U+001C-U+001F and U+0085 were skipped and
U+200B was treated as a separator.

`expandtabs` went through `str`, so it dropped the lone surrogates of a
WTF-8 string; it now works on `Wtf8` throughout.

Indexing a str out of range now says "string index out of range".

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Read Unicode numeric values as exact rationals

`DerivedNumericValues.txt` field 1 carries a rounded decimal, so
`unicodedata.numeric('⅐')` and its neighbours came back short of the
value CPython reports. The generator now reads the rational in field 3,
and takes the 3.2 values from field 8 of `UnicodeData-3.2.0.txt`.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Return a mappingproxy from Pattern.groupindex

`pattern_groupindex` wraps the group index in a dict proxy, and hands
back a plain dict only when the pattern has no named group.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Fix the utf-16/32/7 codecs' error handling

The utf-32 decoder dropped a code point above U+10FFFF instead of calling
the error handler, and both the utf-16 and utf-32 handlers were told the
encoding was "utf-16"/"utf-32" whichever byte order the data was in.

The encoders now take a bytes replacement from the handler as it stands,
rejecting one that does not fill whole code units, rather than iterating
over it as text; a str replacement from the utf-16 encoder now splits an
astral code point into a surrogate pair.

The utf-7 decoder names its encoding "utf7", as its codec does.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Rework complex multiplication, division and power

Division now divides by whichever part of the divisor is larger, the way
`_Py_c_quot` does, and both it and multiplication recover the infinities
that the plain formulas turn into nan, following C11 Annex G. An operand
that is a real number is now multiplied and divided component-wise, which
keeps the sign of a zero and the other part of an infinity; a real
numerator has its own quotient so that its zero keeps a sign too.

An integer exponent no greater than 100 in magnitude is now reached by
repeated multiplication rather than through the polar form, so e.g.
`(1+2j) ** 2` is exact. A zero exponent gives 1, and an exponent with no
imaginary part no longer reaches for a logarithm that turns an infinite
magnitude into a nan. A result that came out infinite raises
OverflowError.

`complex() arg is a malformed string` is replaced by `could not convert
string to complex: ...` when the string carries a misplaced underscore,
`complex division by zero` by `division by zero`, and the message for
zero raised to a negative or complex power no longer names the base.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Intern the string constants that read as names

A code object's string constants were interned by length, so a short
string that is not a name was interned and a long name was not. They are
now picked out the way `all_name_chars` does. The one-character latin-1
strings are interned as well, so that every route to one of them lands on
the same object.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Honour the marshal version and separate its EOF errors

Versions below 2 now write a float or complex as its digits under
TYPE_FLOAT/TYPE_COMPLEX, versions from 4 on write a tuple of fewer than
256 items under TYPE_SMALL_TUPLE and a long ascii string under
TYPE_ASCII, and a string is marked interned only when it is.

`marshal.loads` now tells apart the three ways its data can run out:
"EOF read where object expected" where an object was to start, "EOF read
where not expected" where a single byte was, and "marshal data too short"
where a run of bytes was cut short.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5
2026-08-29 22:43:11 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon a7981dccc7 Align compiler futures, annotations, and symtable with CPython (#8550)
* Align compiler futures and annotations with CPython

Handle Barry parsing consistently across AST, type-comment, REPL, and WASM paths. Preserve deferred annotation source and scope metadata, and make _symtable conversion cached and linear-time.

Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.4

* Fix f-string debug ranges and update Barry/annotate test expectations

Compute the debug f-string source range from the raw leading and
trailing text instead of the comment-stripped text, so a comment inside
a multi-line replacement field no longer shifts the emitted LOAD_CONST
location.

Restrict the obsolete-operator location shift to `<>` by also requiring
a `>` at the reported offset; without it any `ExpectedExpression` that
followed a `<` (`2 <;`) was reported one column to the left.

Add `CodeFlags::FUTURE_MASK` and use it in builtins, the shell, and the
WASM VM instead of repeating the eight-flag union, and collapse the
duplicated Barry diagnostic sequences into `BarrySource::diagnostic`.

Update the `__annotate__` disassembly snapshot to LOAD_FAST_BORROW and
replace the RustPython-only `barry_as_FLUFL` co_flags assertion in
extra_tests with the CPython-matching one.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Restore the annotated function in __annotate__ qualnames

Signature annotation scopes are compiled in the scope enclosing the
annotated function, so the function name has to be folded back into the
qualname: `f.__annotate__`, `C.m.__annotate__`,
`outer.<locals>.inner.__annotate__`. test_type_annotations
test_annotate_qualname covers this.

test_pyrepl test_future_barry_as_flufl now passes, so drop its
expectedFailure marker.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Pass safepoints in the attached-thread interpreter tests

`main_and_subinterpreter_run_sections_overlap` parked its workers on a
condvar while attached, and `busy_main_interpreter_does_not_block_subinterpreter`
looped over protocol calls that never reach a safepoint. An attached
thread that never reaches a safepoint cannot be suspended, so a
concurrent process-wide stop-the-world (from the gc test running in
parallel) never completes and the already-stopped sibling interpreter
stays stopped; the second worker then waits in `wait_while_suspended`
until the 30s deadline.

Both loops now call `vm.check_signals()` each iteration, and the condvar
wait uses `wait_timeout` so the lock is released between safepoints.

Reproduced on Linux (4 CPUs): the two tests with `--test-threads=2`
failed 2/40 before and 0/40 after; the full `rustpython-vm` lib binary
failed 1/30 before and 0/30 after.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Report the obsolete `<>` operator from one place

`<>` was located twice: `BarrySource` recorded the token ranges it
rewrote to `!=`, and `cpython_parse_diagnostic_override` separately
peeked at the bytes around an `ExpectedExpression` location. Both
produced "invalid syntax" spanning the whole operator.

`prepare_barry_as_flufl_source` now records the operator ranges in the
non-Barry case too -- by plain text search, since nothing is rewritten
there -- so `BarrySource::invalid_legacy_operator` covers both, and the
byte-peeking helper is gone. It also defers to an unclosed bracket
earlier in the source, which the diagnostic chain it used to sit in did
for it.

A `<>` that starts a statement now spans both characters: the parser
stops at the `<` rather than one character in, which the byte peek did
not handle.

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5

* Drop a py object's payload before its class

`PyInner` declares `typ` before `payload`, so `drop_in_place` dropped the
class first and `PyAtomicRef::drop` left it null. A `PyWeak` payload is
still linked into the weakref list of the object it points at until its
own `Drop` unlinks it under the stripe lock, which happens after that.
`WeakRefList::add` walks the same list looking for a proxy to reuse and
reads `node.class()` off every node it passes, so it could dereference
the null class of a node on its way out.

`PyInner::dealloc` now runs the two destructors in the other order at all
three of its exit paths, with a compile-time check that no other field
has one.

Reproduced by the new test in about 0.1s, as the panic CI hit in the
c-api `weakrefobject::tests::new_proxy` run:

  panicked at crates/vm/src/object/ext.rs:312:
  unsafe precondition(s) violated: hint::unreachable_unchecked must
  never be reached

Assisted-by: Claude Code:claude-opus-5
2026-08-20 12:47:36 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon f75f951c91 compiler-core: implement DerefMut and IndexMut for Constants (#8557)
`Constants<C>` exposed `Deref` and `Index<ConstIdx>` but neither mutable
counterpart, so an owner of a `CodeObject` could read a constant but not
replace one in place and had to rebuild the whole boxed slice.

`[T]` already carries both halves of the `VarNum` pair in this file.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-08-20 12:42:23 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 311d67766b marshal: let runtime bags preserve raw code bytes (#8552) 2026-08-18 22:21:18 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon a78d0eb577 Fix crashes found hunting the last open fuzzing record (#8524)
* specialize: check the member descriptor's type before caching its slot offset

The LOAD_ATTR/STORE_ATTR specializations cached the slot offset of any member
descriptor found on the owner's type and then guarded the specialized
instruction on the type version alone, while descr_get()/descr_set() check on
every access that the instance belongs to the type the descriptor was defined
for. A descriptor taken from a wider class and bound to a narrower one read
past the instance's slot array once the cache warmed up:

    class Big:
        __slots__ = ("a0", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "a5", "a6", "a7")
    class Narrow:
        __slots__ = ("z",)
    Narrow.x = Big.__dict__["a7"]
    o = Narrow()
    for _ in range(1000):
        try: o.x
        except TypeError: pass
    # index out of bounds: the len is 1 but the index is 7 (object/core.rs)

A class with no slots at all reached the ext_ref().unwrap() on the same line.

Assisted-by: Claude

* socket: reserve recv()'s buffer fallibly

recv() and recvfrom() handed the caller's bufsize straight to
Vec::with_capacity, so an unreachable size aborted the process through
handle_alloc_error before any syscall was made:

    socket.socket().recv(2**62)
    # memory allocation of 4611686018427387904 bytes failed -> SIGABRT

try_reserve_exact reports MemoryError instead, which is what CPython raises.

Assisted-by: Claude

* types: count the __call__ and __get__ slot dispatches as recursion

Both wrappers re-enter Python without pushing a frame, so nothing counted the
nesting when the special method named the object it was looked up on:

    class C: pass
    c = C(); C.__call__ = c
    c()                                    # native stack overflow, SIGSEGV

    class D: pass
    d = D(); D.__get__ = d; D.x = d
    d.x                                    # the same, through descr_get

with_recursion around the two dispatches raises RecursionError instead, the
way Py_EnterRecursiveCall bounds a tp_call dispatch. It costs about 5% on a
__call__ dispatch and 3% on a __get__ dispatch through these wrappers.

Assisted-by: Claude

* typevar: show a ParamSpecArgs origin by its repr

ParamSpecArgs and ParamSpecKwargs fell back to a Rust `{:?}` of __origin__ when
it had no __name__. That walks the object graph natively through Debug for
PyInner, where no recursion guard sits, so a single repr() of a deeply nested
chain overflowed the native stack:

    a = object()
    for _ in range(30000):
        a = typing.ParamSpecArgs(a)
    repr(a)                                # SIGSEGV

The origin is formatted with its repr now, which is guarded, and a ParamSpec
origin is recognized by its type rather than by carrying a __name__.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Do not hold a lock across a call back into Python

Three places kept a lock while running code that can reach the same object, so
a callback that touched it wedged the process:

    _asyncio.future_add_to_awaited_by(fut, waiter)   # waiter.__hash__ adds again
    select.select(elements, [], [], 0)               # fileno() clears `elements`
    select.poll().poll(1000)                         # SIGALRM handler registers

The future's awaited-by field is read and written under its lock but the set is
built outside it, the list extraction re-reads the list on each step the way
map_iterable_object() does, and poll() waits on a copy of its descriptors. All
three ran forever before and now finish the way they do on CPython.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Validate memoryview.cast() arguments and export negative strides correctly

cast() accepted any struct format and any shape element. A zero-size
format ('0s') and a 0 in the shape both reached a division by zero;
cast() now takes only a native single character format, optionally
'@'-prefixed, and shape elements that are ints greater than zero.

A view with a negative stride starts at its last item, so the bytes it
exported began there and its own offsets walked off the front of them.
Such a view now exports the whole underlying buffer with `start` folded
into the descriptor's offsets, and zip_eq() hands over a whole run only
when both sides are contiguous in the last dimension.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Charge native recursion to the stack, not to the frame limit

with_recursion() checked the limit sys.setrecursionlimit() sets and
incremented the same counter that pushing a frame does, so a guard on a
native dispatch spent what Python code had left to call with, and did so
where sys._getframe() cannot see it: test.support.get_recursion_available()
reported frames that were no longer there. Py_EnterRecursiveCall bounds
the native stack instead, which is a separate budget, and the C stack
check with_recursion already performs is that bound.

The snippets pinning the guarded paths nest deep enough to reach the
stack rather than the frame limit.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Report a size that cannot be allocated instead of aborting on it

A size taken from Python went straight into an infallible allocation in
several places, so the process aborted through handle_alloc_error before
any exception could be raised:

- str/bytes/bytearray center(), ljust(), rjust() and zfill() reserved
  the padded result for the caller's width
- expandtabs() built its runs of spaces from a tabsize of any width;
  the argument is a C int, and a wider one does not fit
- Buffered{Reader,Writer,Random} allocated buffer_size, and read(),
  read1() and FileIO.read() their read size
- bytes(n) and bytearray(n) allocated n
- pbkdf2_hmac() allocated the derived key length, which is a C int

Each of these now reports MemoryError, or OverflowError where the
argument does not fit the type it is declared with.

new_zeroed_bytes() leaves the zeroing to the allocator, so a large
request costs the pages that are written to rather than all of them.

Assisted-by: Claude

* marshal: answer allow_code where a code object is written or read

allow_code was answered by walking the whole result a second time, with
no depth counter and no record of what it had already seen, so a value
that referred back to itself or nested deeply enough ran off the native
stack. w_object() and r_object() answer it where the code object is,
inside the walk that already bounds its depth and resolves references.

A container length is read the way r_long() reads one: it is signed, so
a length with the top bit set is out of range rather than four billion
items to reserve room for.

load() no longer holds a borrow of the buffer read() returned across the
seek() it makes afterwards.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Do not lock an object while running code that can reach it

Several places held a lock or a borrow of an object across a call back
into Python, so a callback that touched the same object waited on a lock
its own caller was holding:

- memoryview slice assignment read a source overlapping the destination,
  and __setitem__ converted the value while holding the write borrow
- BytesIO.readinto() read into a buffer viewing the same BytesIO
- array.__setitem__ converted the value under the array's write lock,
  and mmap.write() read a source viewing the same map
- bytearray.join() and bytearray.__mod__ drove Python with the
  bytearray borrowed
- array and bytearray answered "is this resizable" after taking the
  write lock, though an export is exactly a borrow someone else holds

A TextIOWrapper cookie now has to name a position inside what was
decoded in characters as well as in bytes; only the byte offset was
checked, and the character count is what read() and tell() index with.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Stop asserting a pbkdf2 message that depends on the width of a C long

The snippet asserted "key length is too great.", which pbkdf2_hmac()
only reaches once the length has been converted; where a C long is
narrower than the length asked for, the conversion fails first and says
so instead. Both are OverflowError, which is what the case is about.

test_support.test_get_recursion_depth passes now that a native recursion
guard no longer spends frames get_recursion_depth() cannot see.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Publish and read the same pointer for a thread's top frame

set_current_frame() casts the `Py<FrameObject>` it publishes straight to
`*mut FrameObject`, so ThreadSlot::top_frame holds the object's base.
sys._current_frames() read it back through Py::from_payload_ptr(), which
subtracts the payload offset from what it is given. The reference it took
therefore incremented, and later decremented, a word 48 bytes ahead of
the frame -- inside the object allocated before it, whose OnceLock state
word sits exactly there for two frames adjacent in the size class. The
neighbour then read an initialized-looking cold pointer that had never
been written and locked whatever the uninitialized word addressed, so
the thread that owned it crashed rather than the one that read.

The slot now holds `*mut Py<FrameObject>`, which is what both sides mean.

A thread parked in a call has no FrameObject for its topmost frame, so
top_frame is null there and the reader takes the materialize path
instead: test_sys.test_current_frames never reaches the branch. The
snippet takes _current_frames() against threads that are running.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Decide stop-the-world parking under the thread registry lock

do_suspend() published SUSPENDED first and only then re-read `requested`,
restoring itself to ATTACHED if the stop had ended in the meantime. That
made a thread the second writer able to leave SUSPENDED, so a stop whose
completion check had already observed the thread parked could be undone
behind the requester's back:

  worker    CAS ATTACHED -> SUSPENDED
  requester all_non_requester_suspended() -> true, world_stopped = true
  requester start_the_world(): requested = false, then walks the registry
  worker    reads requested == false, stores ATTACHED

With the store landing inside that walk the debug assertion in
start_the_world fires; with the walk already past the slot, a following
stop force-parks the thread DETACHED -> SUSPENDED, counts it as stopped,
and the store then puts it back to ATTACHED with the world declared
stopped and the thread running bytecode.

`requested` is set in init_thread_countdown() and cleared in
start_the_world() with the registry held, and start_the_world() keeps
holding it while releasing every SUSPENDED thread. Taking the registry
around the check and the transition therefore makes the two orders the
only ones possible: park before that release pass and be woken by it, or
find the request already withdrawn and stay ATTACHED. The requester is
left as the only writer that takes a thread out of SUSPENDED, and the
self-restore is gone.

suspend_if_needed() takes the VirtualMachine to reach the registry.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Keep an atexit callback alive while it is being compared

atexit.unregister() releases the callback list around each __eq__ call and
identified the entry it had compared by the address of its Box. __eq__ can
call atexit._clear(), which drops that Box, and atexit.register(), whose
new Box lands on the freed allocation; the identity search then matched
the freshly registered callback and removed it.

  atexit.register(a); atexit.register(b); atexit.register(c)
  # __eq__ runs _clear() then register(d), returns True
  atexit.unregister(probe)

left no callbacks registered where CPython leaves d.

Entries are Arc-shared now, so unregister() holds the one it is comparing
and matches it with Arc::ptr_eq: an address cannot be reused while the
comparison that named it is still running.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Hold atexit entries in PyRc rather than Arc

PyObjectRef is Send and Sync only under the threading feature, so an Arc
over a callback entry trips clippy::arc_with_non_send_sync in builds
without it, such as the wasm package. PyRc is Arc there and Rc otherwise.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Do not hold a buffer's storage while waiting for a peer

FileIO.readinto() and socket.recv_into()/recvfrom_into() took the target
buffer's write borrow and kept it for the whole call, including the wait
for data a pipe, socket or terminal may never deliver. What CPython holds
across that wait is the export, which only forbids resizing; the borrow is
a lock every other thread touching the same object waits on, so

    threading.Thread(target=lambda: sock.recv_into(buf)).start()
    len(buf)

did not answer until the peer sent. A thread parked on that lock is
ATTACHED and never reaches a safepoint, so gc.collect() in a third thread
waited for the peer as well: one incidental read of the buffer stopped the
world from being stopped at all.

The wait now runs against storage of its own and the bytes are copied over
once they arrive, with the export held throughout so the target still
cannot be resized meanwhile. A seekable file answers from itself rather
than from a peer, so FileIO.readinto() writes into the target directly
there and the buffered read path is unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Do not hold a buffer's storage while waiting to hand it over

socket.send()/sendall()/sendto()/sendmsg() and FileIO.write() kept the
source buffer's read borrow for the whole call, including the wait for a
peer that may never make room. That borrow is a lock every other thread
writing to the same object waits on, so

    threading.Thread(target=lambda: sock.sendall(buf)).start()
    buf[0] = 1

did not return until the peer read; and a thread parked there is ATTACHED
and never reaches a safepoint, so gc.collect() in a third thread waited
for the peer too -- the same wedge readinto() had on the receiving side.

ArgBytesLike::borrow_buf_unlocked() answers with bytes that survive the
borrow being dropped. An immutable object hands out a plain reference and
locks nothing, so those are sent where they lie and bytes and memoryviews
over them cost nothing; only bytes reached through a lock are copied out
first. The export is held throughout either way, so the source still
cannot be resized while it is being sent.

The regression snippet covers both directions now and is renamed for it.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Check select()'s descriptor limit while the sequence is walked

seq2set() collected the whole sequence and compared the result's length
against FD_SETSIZE afterwards. Selectable::try_from_object() calls
fileno(), which runs Python and can append to the list being walked, and
the walk re-reads the list on every step, so the collection had no end to
reach and the comparison was never made. seq2set in Modules/selectmodule.c
checks the count per element instead.

stdlib_select.py gains a fileno() that appends to its own list, and
releases its sockets with close() rather than by dropping the name.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Bound native recursion where the C stack cannot be measured

check_c_stack_overflow() answers no unconditionally under miri and on
musl, where the stack pointer is not read. Since 9c9905aff that check is
all with_recursion() does, so every guard placed on native recursion --
__call__ and __get__ dispatch among them -- was a no-op on those targets
and the nesting ran until the stack ran out.

with_recursion() now counts its own depth on those targets and refuses
past NATIVE_RECURSION_LIMIT_UNMEASURED. The count is separate from the
frame limit sys.setrecursionlimit() sets, and compiles away where the
stack pointer can be read.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Report the failure to allocate pbkdf2's key and Take.readinto's scratch

Both buffers are sized from an argument -- pbkdf2_hmac's dklen accepts up
to i32::MAX, and readinto's from the length of the destination -- and were
built with vec![0u8; n], which aborts the process on allocation failure.
new_zeroed_bytes() raises MemoryError instead.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Read the frozen-code tuple length as a signed length

The '(' branches in read_marshal_str_vec() and read_marshal_const_tuple()
took the length with read_u32() as usize, so a value with the top bit set
read as four billion items rather than as out of range. read_len() is what
every other length in this file goes through, and it reinterprets as i32.

Both readers serve deserialize_code(), which reads only the frozen modules
baked in at build time, so this changes no reachable behavior;
marshal.loads() already went through read_len().

Assisted-by: Claude

* Make the snippets from the fuzzer sweep assert what they check

builtin_str.py expanded a tab to 2**31-1 columns, allocating 2 GiB to
observe that the width is accepted; a string with no tab observes the same
acceptance without laying anything out.

stdlib_array.py caught the refusal of frombytes() on its own exported
buffer and passed silently when nothing was raised. stdlib_hashlib.py
used a bare `assert False` as its failure branch. Both now say so through
the same shapes the other snippets use.

stdlib_socket.py also accepts OverflowError from recv() with a size that
does not fit the platform's C int.

stdlib_threading_current_frames.py indexed the frame chain for "f123"
without first asserting it is there.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Ask for a marshal container's room instead of assuming it

A flagged tuple or list is published in the reference table before its
children are read, and the placeholder was built with vec![none; len].
The length is the input's to choose and read_len() lets it reach
i32::MAX, so marshal.loads(b"\xa8\xff\xff\xff\x7f") -- five bytes -- asks
for 17 GB of element slots and aborts the process where the allocator
cannot serve it. r_object() allocates the container up front too, but
PyTuple_New() reports what it cannot get.

The elements are now reserved with try_reserve_exact() and a refusal is
raised as MemoryError through the decoder's pending-error channel.
PyTuple::new_marshal_placeholder() held nothing but that allocation and
is gone; the caller builds the elements and uses new_ref().

Assisted-by: Claude

* Compare the blocking-buffer snippet against something

measure() asserted len(buf) == len(buf), which holds whatever the length
is; it now takes the length the caller expects. The pipe case compared
the drained total against the whole source, while an unbuffered write()
reports only what it transferred and a signal can cut that short; it now
compares against what write() returned.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Refuse array.frombytes() a source whose items are not bytes

frombytes() reads its argument as bytes, but accepted any contiguous
buffer, so array("i").frombytes(memoryview(array("d", [1.0]))) appended a
double's bytes read as ints instead of raising. array_array_frombytes_impl
requires an itemsize of 1; ArgBytesLike now reports the itemsize so the
same check can be made here.

The BufferError that a resize meets while the array is exported also names
the array rather than repeating bytearray's wording.

stdlib_array.py's frombytes-of-itself case used typecode "i", where the
new check answers before the resize guard is reached; it uses "b" so the
guard is what refuses, and asserts the wider case separately.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Tell apart the ways marshal data can be bad

A type byte no reader knows, a back reference that names nothing, and
TYPE_NULL all came out as a bare "bad marshal data" ValueError. r_object()
answers the first two with "bad marshal data (unknown type code)" and
"bad marshal data (invalid reference)", and read_object() answers the
third with a TypeError, "NULL object in marshal data for object", since
TYPE_NULL stands for no object rather than for a value.

MarshalError gains the three cases and deserialize_value() maps them.
The container-specific wording r_object() uses for a NULL read inside a
tuple or list is not reproduced; the exception type is.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Hash the collector's tables by address rather than by SipHash

A collection keys three sets and two maps by object address, and it visits
every tracked object and every edge between them, so the hashing is a
per-edge cost. Those tables used the default RandomState, whose SipHash
buys resistance against a caller choosing colliding keys -- and nothing
chooses these keys: they are addresses this process handed out into tables
that live and die inside one collection. A profile of gc.collect() over a
423k-object heap spent 45% of its samples in SipHash.

They now hash with a splitmix64 finalizer. The shifts matter: a table
picks its bucket from the low bits and an address arrives with those bits
zeroed by alignment, so a plain multiply leaves every object in a handful
of buckets and is slower than SipHash was.

The reachability walk also copied each object's referent vector out of the
map it was cached in, a second pass over every edge; it reads them in
place, and reference subtraction hands its vector to the map instead of
cloning it.

Measured over 423k live objects: 0.93s to 0.15s. Over 843k dead ones:
3.00s to 0.79s. extra_tests/snippets/stdlib_threading_gc_import.py, whose
collector thread calls gc.collect() in a loop, ran anywhere from 2.7s to
28s and now runs in 3.1-3.5s: a collection that takes longer leaves more
garbage for the next one to walk, so the cost fed back on itself.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Keep the collection's candidates and their counts in one table

A collection built a set of candidates and, beside it, a map from the same
addresses to their reference counts. Both were probed for every edge in
the heap -- membership from the set, the count from the map -- so each
edge paid to hash the same address twice, and each candidate paid to be
inserted twice. The map alone answers both questions.

The candidates also keep a walkable order now, which the reference
subtraction pass needs since it writes the counts while reading the
candidates, and which the unreachable set is built from instead of a
set difference.

Over the 423k-object heap measured in the previous commit: 0.15s to
0.13s live, and 0.79s to 0.49s dead.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* gc: collect referents into one buffer instead of a vector per object

Step 3 allocated a `Vec` for every tracked object to hold its referents
and kept them all in a map until step 4 read them back. The referents now
go into a single growing buffer, with the map holding each object's range
into it.

Adds `PyObject::gc_extend_referent_ptrs`, which appends to a caller's
buffer; `gc_get_referent_ptrs` calls it with a fresh one.

Assisted-by: Claude

* memoryview and struct: match the checks and errors of the reference

memoryview:
- `cast()` accepted a source and destination that are both item types,
  which reinterprets the items rather than re-dividing the bytes; one side
  now has to be a byte format.
- A cast to `shape=()` returned without checking that the buffer holds
  exactly the one item that shape describes.
- `hash()` hashes the bytes, so it now raises ValueError for a view whose
  items are not bytes, rather than returning a hash that disagrees with the
  value the view compares equal to.
- `tobytes()` takes the `order` argument, with 'F' walking a
  multidimensional view down its columns; `BufferDescriptor` gained
  `for_each_segment_fortran` for that walk.

struct:
- A value the format has no room for reported "argument out of range"
  instead of naming the format and its range. The format character is now
  passed to the packing functions to report it.
- `Struct.__new__` no longer reads the format; `__init__` does, so
  `__init__` can be called again and a subclass can pass the format up.
  Methods raise RuntimeError until it has run, and `Struct` is a base type.

Removes the expectedFailure from test_Struct_reinitialization and
test_struct_subclass_instantiation.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* io: decide the readinto path by file type, not by seekability

FileIO.readinto wrote straight into the caller's buffer, holding its write
borrow, when the fd was seekable; otherwise it read aside into scratch and
copied. Seekability stood in for "this read answers without waiting on a
peer", which a pipe on Windows breaks: lseek on one succeeds, so the pipe
took the borrow-holding path and every other thread touching that bytearray
waited for the peer.

host_io::reads_without_waiting answers it directly -- seekability elsewhere,
GetFileType() == FILE_TYPE_DISK on Windows.

The regression snippet times each operation separately, so a failure names
the one that waited; it asserts the transfer is still in flight before
checking the export; and the socket case fills the connection until it
refuses rather than assuming a size that outruns it, which SO_SNDBUF on an
already-connected pair does not settle.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-08-17 00:33:27 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 7108ff0f69 marshal: round-trip code constants through the runtime bag (#8516)
* Keep abnormal marshal loop test aligned with CPython

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:gpt-5.5

* marshal: retain runtime code constants while loading

Decode code fields through the runtime MarshalBag so co_consts values that do not fit the compiler constant enum remain available to VM code wrappers while the compiler table receives shape placeholders.

Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex:GPT-5.4

* marshal: write and read co_consts through the runtime bag

serialize_code gains a serialize_code_with variant that writes each
co_consts entry through a caller-supplied writer; serialize_code keeps
the BorrowedConstant writer as its default.  The VM writer passes its own
write_object_depth, so a code constant that Literal holds but
BorrowedConstant cannot describe reaches the stream instead of panicking
in borrow_obj_constant, and a constant shared with the enclosing object
takes an entry in the writer's reference table.

PyMarshalBag implements constant_ref_from_value, bytes_from_value,
str_from_value and tuple_elements_from_value, which
deserialize_code_value_inner requires to decode code fields through the
runtime bag.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-08-14 03:30:51 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 84a0ba7864 Fix marshal recursive reference loading (#8501)
* Fix marshal recursive reference loading

Create reference-tracked containers before reading their children so recursive list, dict, set, and tuple graphs can be unmarshaled. Preserve interned string markers through the runtime bag and add an initialization-only tuple construction path.

Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5

* Preserve marshal container insertion errors

Keep Python exceptions raised while constructing unmarshaled sets, frozensets, and dictionaries instead of collapsing them into ValueError. This makes abnormal recursive hash-container streams report TypeError like CPython and removes the remaining test_marshal expected failure.

Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5

* Enable full abnormal marshal reference loop test

* Test direct marshal tuple reference loop

Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5
2026-08-12 16:28:09 +09:00
Joshua Megnauth 33eb99af44 Fix some clippy lints for 1.99 (#8412) 2026-07-30 22:11:31 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 16917e0f2a Use dict keys-version stamps and entry-index hints in LOAD_ATTR/STORE_ATTR specializations (#8350)
* Use dict keys-version stamps and entry-index hints in attr specializations

Add a keys-version stamp to Dict: a globally unique u32 assigned lazily
and reset on any key-set change (new key, deletion, clear). Value-only
updates keep the stamp.

- LoadAttrMethodWithValues / LoadAttrNondescriptorWithValues: cache the
  instance dict's stamp in the pointer cache and skip the shadow probe
  while the stamp matches.
- LoadAttrWithHint: cache the entry index at specialization time; a hit
  is an identity check on the entry key instead of a hash probe, with
  self-refresh on miss.
- StoreAttrWithHint / StoreAttrInstanceValue: replace values through the
  cached entry index via set_item_with_hint.

Fixes youknowone#42

Assisted-by: Claude

* Share keys-version stamps between dicts with identical layouts

Derive the keys-version stamp from a shape — the ordered interned-key
sequence of a hole-free dict — instead of always allocating a unique
stamp. Dicts with identical layouts (instances of the same class built
by the same __init__) now carry equal stamps, so a LOAD_ATTR cache
entry populated by one instance skips the shadow probe for every
instance sharing the layout.

Shapes are held in a fixed-size lock-free table keyed by interned key
addresses; dicts with holes, non-interned keys, or more than 32 keys
fall back to dict-unique stamps.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Address clippy and review feedback for keys-version stamps

- Use BuildHasher::hash_one for shape hashing (clippy manual_hash_one)
- Fix set_item_with_hint doc: a refreshed hint is returned on any hint
  miss, not only when the hinted slot was vacant
- Route both holey-dict instances through a single LOAD_ATTR cache site
  in the snippet test

Assisted-by: Claude

* Restore try_read_cached_descriptor doc comment to its function

The doc block and #[inline] were left attached to store_attr_dict_hinted
when it was inserted above try_read_cached_descriptor.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Specialize LoadAttrWithHint even when the entry index exceeds u16

hint_for_key returns None both for an absent key and for a present key
whose entry index does not fit in u16, so very large instance dicts
stopped specializing entirely. Use get_item_opt_refresh_hint to decide
presence, degrading an unrepresentable hint to 0: the handler then
keeps taking its full-probe fallback path.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-23 16:18:09 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 210ccc889c Thread-safe type operations: type lock, QSBR type-cache reclamation, GC stop-the-world, and interpreter optimizations (#7416)
* type lock

* Drop old PyObjectRef outside type lock to prevent deadlock

Dropping values inside with_type_lock can trigger weakref callbacks,
which may access attributes (LOAD_ATTR specialization) and re-acquire
the non-reentrant type mutex, causing deadlock.

Return old values from lock closures so they drop after lock release.

* Align type lock behavior with CPython

* Add PUBLISHED flag bit to RefCount state word

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add QSBR module for deferred memory reclamation

Assisted-by: Claude

* Defer memory free of cache-published objects via QSBR

Assisted-by: Claude

* Wire QSBR checkpoints into thread lifecycle and eval breaker

Assisted-by: Claude

* Publish type-cache values to QSBR and bypass cache without a VM

Mark cached type-method values as QSBR-published before storing their
pointer in TYPE_CACHE, so racing readers never try-incref freed memory.
Debug-assert that the current thread is ATTACHED whenever a lock-free
cache read happens.

Delete find_name_in_mro_without_vm and its unsound direct SeqLock read
outside any VM/thread registration; find_name_in_mro now falls back to
the locked, uncached MRO walk when no VM is current. This also removes
assign_version_tag()'s last caller, so its unlocked fallback is deleted
along with it (version_for_specialization keeps the locked path).

VirtualMachine::initialize() runs Python bytecode (e.g. importing
codecs/encodings) before any enter_vm scope exists, which left the
bootstrap thread not ATTACHED for cache reads during startup. Add
thread::VmBootstrapGuard, an RAII counterpart to enter_vm usable across
statements that need &mut VirtualMachine, and wrap initialize() with it.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use try-incref reads and QSBR-backed swaps in specialization cache

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reset QSBR thread registry after fork in the child

Add Qsbr::reset_after_fork, which clears the registered thread slots
before draining the retire queue. Call it in py_os_after_fork_child,
right after type_cache_after_fork() and before
_thread::after_fork_child() re-registers the surviving thread.

Dead parent threads' Arc<QsbrSlot> handles live on in the child's
copied memory with no destructor ever running, so without this the
registry keeps them 'online' forever and future grace periods never
complete.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add threaded stress test for type cache mutation races

Assisted-by: Claude

* Restrict qsbr internals to pub(crate) and fix clippy lints

Downgrade pub items in the private qsbr::threading module (QsbrSlot,
Qsbr, QSBR, and its methods) to pub(crate), since they were never
reachable outside the crate. Downgrade ThreadSlot::qsbr accordingly to
avoid a private-interfaces warning. Import Arc/Weak from alloc instead
of std to match clippy::std_instead_of_alloc. Rewrite the process()
comment: goals are not strictly ordered by push order since advance()
and the queue push aren't atomic together, so concurrent free_delayed
calls can interleave; the drained prefix stays sound because each item
individually passed poll, with reordering only affecting reclamation
latency.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gate per-instruction QSBR check behind a global pending flag

eval_breaker_tripped() and check_signals() called
thread::qsbr_break_requested() on every bytecode instruction, which
does a thread-local lookup, RefCell borrow, and atomic load even when
no QSBR retirement is pending. This caused a measured 10-18% slowdown
on tight interpreter loops.

Add Qsbr::pending, a global AtomicBool set under the queue lock while
free_delayed() holds a retired allocation, and cleared under the same
lock by process()/drain_all() once the queue empties. The hot path now
checks Qsbr::break_pending() (a single relaxed static load) before
touching thread-local state, and only pays the TLS cost while a
retirement is actually in flight.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Merge signal and QSBR eval-breaker flags into one atomic word

Replace the separate ANY_TRIGGERED AtomicBool and QSBR pending
AtomicBool checks in the per-instruction eval-breaker path with a
single AtomicU8 (EVAL_BREAKER) holding a bit per source. The global
QSBR instance mirrors its pending state into the QSBR bit under the
same queue-lock critical sections that already toggle pending, while
local QSBR instances used by unit tests are left untouched.

eval_breaker_tripped() and check_signals() now read/act on the merged
word (eval_breaker_pending(), qsbr_bit_set()) instead of issuing two
separate atomic loads per instruction. set_triggered() switches from
store to fetch_or so a signal handler never clobbers the QSBR bit.

Removed the now-unreferenced is_triggered() helper; break_pending()
is kept for unit tests only and marked allow(dead_code) outside test
builds.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip freelist reuse for published objects in default_dealloc

Freelist-eligible payloads (tuple, int, list, dict, float, ...) were
routed to T::freelist_push before ever reaching PyInner::dealloc, so a
published object (e.g. a tuple cached as a type attribute) bypassed the
is_published -> free_delayed QSBR hook entirely. That let PyRef::new_ref
reuse the slot and rewrite the refcount word with a non-atomic
core::ptr::write racing a reader's atomic try-incref, and let
FreeList::drop call alloc::dealloc directly while a reader could still
be mid-read.

Gate the freelist branch in default_dealloc on
RefCount::is_published(), checked before any teardown. A published
object now always falls through to PyInner::dealloc, whose existing
hook defers the memory free via QSBR.

Document the non-unix (e.g. Windows) reclamation-latency limitation in
the QSBR design doc's Lifecycle integration section (previously only
noted in a code comment in vm/thread.rs).

Extend the type-cache stress test so the mutator also churns a
freelist-eligible published tuple class attribute (C.shape), read by
readers each inner loop and deleted on the same cadence as C.m, to
exercise the fixed bypass.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use itoa for PyInt::to_str_radix_10 i64 fast path

Format small integers with itoa::Buffer instead of i64::to_string()
in PyInt::to_str_radix_10(), which backs both str(int)/repr(int) for
exact int and PyObject::str()'s exact-int fast path. Adds the itoa
crate as a workspace dependency.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Make object attribute dunders wrapper descriptors

Remove the __getattribute__, __setattr__ and __delattr__ #[pymethod]s
from PyBaseObject so add_operators installs PyWrapper slot wrappers for
them from the #[pyslot] functions instead of method descriptors.

lookup_slot_in_mro now classifies these entries as NativeSlot, so heap
types without Python-level overrides keep the native getattro/setattro
slot functions, which lets LOAD_ATTR/STORE_ATTR specialization apply to
instances of Python-defined classes.

Since __setattr__ and __delattr__ share the setattro slot, resolve both
names together in update_one_slot: overriding only one of them no longer
lets the other name's native resolution overwrite the dispatching
wrapper.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Resolve TpSetattro pair on attribute deletion, not just addition

update_one_slot's TpSetattro branch only ran the combined
__setattr__/__delattr__ resolution (added in the previous commit) when
ADD was true. On deletion (e.g. del C.__setattr__), it fell back to
inherit_from_mro, which copies the base class's slot and discards the
class's own remaining Python-level override of the other name.

lookup_slot_in_mro reads the current attribute dicts, so the same
resolution is correct for both addition and deletion; the ADD-only
guard is removed and the logic now always runs.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Generate Opcode::cache_entries/deopt as table lookups

generate_rs_opcode_metadata.py now emits a 256-entry const array for
each function instead of a chained match over opcode names.
Opcode::deopt() indexes an [Option<Opcode>; 256] table built from the
existing specialization-to-base mapping, and Opcode::cache_entries()
indexes a [u8; 256] table that bakes in the same deopt/to_base
composition deoptimize() previously performed before its own match.
Regenerated opcode_metadata.rs from the updated script; PseudoOpcode's
bodies are unchanged since it has no cache/deopt entries to table.

Added an exhaustive test in instruction.rs that checks every valid u8
opcode against a frozen copy of the old chained-match bodies.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Make Opcode/Instruction numeric conversions O(1)

Opcode::as_numeric, Opcode::as_instruction and Instruction::as_opcode
were each a per-variant match over ~230 arms in the define_opcodes!
macro. Opcode now carries the same explicit $op_id discriminants and
#[repr($typ)] as Instruction, which makes the conversions sound as:

- Opcode::as_numeric: a plain `self as $typ` identity cast.
- Opcode::as_instruction / Instruction::as_opcode: a mem::transmute,
  relying on both enums sharing one-$typ-wide layout (Instruction's
  payload fields are all the zero-sized Arg<T> marker, checked by a
  new per-instantiation size_of assertion).

try_from_numeric is left as a match: $op_id values have gaps
(specialized/instrumented opcode ranges), so a range check can't
replace it.

Adds #[inline] to the rewritten conversions plus deoptimize, and to
the small generated wrapper/table-lookup functions from the previous
opcode-metadata change (as_u8/as_u16, cache_entries, deopt, to_base)
via generate_rs_opcode_metadata.py, then regenerates
opcode_metadata.rs.

Extends the instruction.rs equivalence-test pattern with two
exhaustive tests (u8 and u16 instantiations) checking the new
identity-cast/transmute conversions against the untouched
try_from_numeric/TryFrom paths.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Pop CallIsinstance arguments directly instead of collecting into Vecs

The specialized handler built two heap-allocated Vecs per call
(pop_multiple().collect() plus a with_capacity(2) buffer) before
invoking is_instance. Pop the class and instance straight off the
stack for the effective two-argument case, removing the per-call
allocations.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Inherit tp_new instead of always installing new_wrapper

update_one_slot's TpNew branch stored new_wrapper for every ADD, so all
heap types had slots.new == new_wrapper and the CallAllocAndEnterInit
specialization never fired. Now __new__ is resolved through the MRO
dicts: an own or Python-level definition installs new_wrapper, while a
builtin __new__ entry (or none) inherits slots.new from the solid base.

The now-reachable CallAllocAndEnterInit path gains the missing guards:
the specializer requires co_argcount == oparg + 1 (via
can_specialize_call) and rejects generator-like __init__, and the
handler re-checks the argcount against the class-level init cache.
Without the argcount check, __init__ defaults broke re._parser
(UnboundLocalError in SubPattern.__init__). Remove the now-unused
is_simple_for_call_specialization.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip locals dict allocation for the init-cleanup shim frame

Mark the shim code object NEWLOCALS and create the shim frame with no
locals mapping so FrameLocals::lazy() is used. The shim only executes
ExitInitCheck/ReturnValue and never touches locals, so this removes one
dict allocation per specialized instantiation.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Guard CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT with cached function version

The init specialization cache stored only the type version, so swapping
__init__.__code__ (which zeroes func_version) did not deopt the warmed
call site and stale code assumptions (argcount shape, no varargs/kwonly,
not a generator) were applied to the new code object.

Store get_version_for_current_state() in the specialization cache when
caching __init__ and re-check func_version() in the handler before using
the cached function, deopting to the generic call path on mismatch, the
same way the getitem specialization cache does.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply rustfmt and ruff-format fixes to files from earlier commits

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add frame object freelist

Frame.iframe becomes FrameUnsafeCell<Option<InterpreterFrame>> so a dead
frame can be left as an empty husk. Traverse::clear extracts all owned
child references (including localsplus values via LocalsPlus::clear_into)
and empties the cell. Dead frame allocations are cached in a thread-local
FreeList<Frame> (up to 200 entries) and reused by PyRef::new_ref.

clear_generator returns early when the frame was already cleared by cycle
collection; generator drops can run after tp_clear of their frame.

gc: skip tp_clear for objects saved to gc.garbage by DEBUG_SAVEALL, since
they remain reachable from Python.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Drop frame children directly in tp_clear instead of extracting

Pushing the frame's ~10 child references into the clear buffer grew a
Vec on every frame deallocation. Take the interpreter frame out of the
cell and drop it in place; LocalsPlus::clear_into is removed.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Untrack objects before tp_clear and guard cross-thread f_locals

The cycle collector called tp_clear on unreachable objects while they
were still linked into the GC generation lists, so another thread could
obtain a strong reference to an already-cleared object (e.g. a frame
husk with iframe == None) via gc.get_objects() and access the cleared
payload. Untrack the dead set before the clear phase, mirroring the
untrack-then-clear ordering of the refcount dealloc path.

Objects that gained an external reference before untracking are found
by comparing each object's strong count against the references coming
from within the dead set; such late-resurrected objects and everything
reachable from them are re-tracked and skipped, letting a later
collection retry once the external references are released.

Also reject f_locals access for a frame currently executing on another
thread. Reading fastlocals of such a frame races with the executing
thread overwriting the slots (torn reads of dropped values). Access
from the executing thread itself (locals(), trace callbacks) is still
allowed via the current-frame chain check.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip localsplus heap copy for uniquely referenced dying frames

release_datastack_frame now checks the frame's strong count after
untracking it from the GC generation lists. When the caller holds the
only reference, localsplus values are dropped in place and the data
stack storage is released without the heap copy; escaped frames
(traceback, sys._getframe, trace callbacks) keep the copy path.
The three inline materialize+pop call sites in function.rs are routed
through release_datastack_frame.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Stage exact-args call arguments in stack slot buffers

CallPyExactArgs, CallBoundMethodExactArgs and CallAllocAndEnterInit no
longer collect popped arguments into a per-call Vec (plus a second Vec
for self-prepending). Arguments are popped into a fixed-size
Option<PyObjectRef> slot buffer (CallArgBuffer, 8 inline slots, heap
fallback for larger arities) and moved into fastlocals via the new
invoke_exact_args_slots / a take() iterator.

- prepare_exact_args_frame now accepts an ExactSizeIterator of args
- specialization_run_init_cleanup_shim takes the slot buffer and fills
  slot 0 with new_obj, dropping one redundant clone
- LoadAttrGetattributeOverridden, LoadAttrProperty and
  BinaryOpSubscrGetitem pass inline slot arrays instead of vec![]

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reduce allocations in generic call paths

- FuncArgs::prepend_arg: use reserve instead of reserve_exact so
  exact-capacity vectors do not realloc on every prepend.
- IntoFuncArgs::into_method_args: build the final args vec once with
  capacity len + 1 instead of prepending into a full vector.
- PyType::call: skip cloning FuncArgs when no init slot can run after
  slot_new (no init slot, not `type`, and slot_new is not new_wrapper).

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip redundant exc_info restore on frame exit

with_frame_impl saves the current exc_info slot value and restores it
when the frame exits. When the slot still holds the same value, the
restore rewrites the slot and recomputes the thread-exception mirror
for no effect. Add restore_exception, which compares the slot against
the saved value by pointer identity and skips the store when they
match. The saved value is a strong reference held for the whole frame
scope, so the pointed-to object cannot be freed and its address reused
while the frame runs, making the pointer comparison free of ABA.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply rustfmt to gc_state.rs

Assisted-by: Claude

* Avoid empty FuncArgs clone in PyType::call

Cloning args for the init call clones the kwargs map even when args is
empty, which shows up in no-argument instantiation profiles. Prepare
the init-call args before slot_new: a default FuncArgs when args is
empty (indistinguishable from a clone of empty args), the existing
clone otherwise. The empty check also keeps the init-slot load of the
clone-elision path off the no-argument call path.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Push freelist husks only after tp_clear and child drops

default_dealloc pushed the object onto the thread-local freelist before
running clear_fn. Payloads that drop children inside clear (Frame) can
run __del__ there, and a reentrant allocation could pop the husk and
overwrite its payload while clear_fn still held a &mut borrow of it.
Tuples had the same window through the extracted-edges drop, which ran
after the push.

Reorder default_dealloc to clear, drop the extracted children, and only
then attempt the freelist push, so the husk becomes reusable only when
no borrows into the payload remain.

The tuple freelist bucketed husks by element count, which required
reading the payload during push; after this reordering the elements are
already cleared. PyInner<PyTuple> is a fixed-size allocation (the
elements box is dropped and replaced on reuse), so replace the per-size
buckets with the shared single-list FreeList. Remove the now-unused
pyinner_layout helper.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Resolve __set__ and __delete__ together for the descr_set slot

The descr_set slot serves both __set__ and __delete__, but the
TpDescrSet accessor resolved only the single modified name and fell
back to MRO inheritance on delete. Deleting one of the pair could
disable the surviving operation: after `del D.__set__`, an instance
delete stopped calling the remaining __delete__.

Resolve both names together like the TpSetattro accessor does: any
Python-level definition selects the dispatching wrapper, matching
native functions are stored directly, a single native function with
the other name absent is stored directly, and the slot is inherited
from the MRO only when neither name resolves.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Update type base on __bases__ assignment

set_bases replaced bases and mro but never updated the stored base, so
__base__ kept reporting the old value after reassignment and slot
resolution (tp_new inheritance, set_new/set_alloc during init_slots)
read the stale solid base.

Change the base field to PyAtomicRef<Option<PyType>> so it can be
swapped under the type lock while remaining lock-free for readers, and
recompute it in set_bases with the same best_base validation type
creation uses (BASETYPE flag, instance layout conflict among bases).
The swapped-out base is parked in the frame's temporary refs; other
references released inside the critical section are dropped after the
lock is released.

Also in set_bases:
- remove this class from the old bases' subclass lists (pruning dead
  entries), so repeated assignment no longer accumulates duplicates
- roll back bases, base, and all updated mros when the recursive mro
  update fails, instead of leaving the type half-reparented
- fix the misformatted empty-tuple error message

Remove the expectedFailure marker from test_unsubclassable_types,
which now passes.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix rollback order, dead weakrefs, and lock-held drops in set_bases

- Restore recorded mros in reverse on rollback so a class visited
  multiple times through diamond inheritance ends with its original
  mro instead of an intermediate one.
- Skip dead weakrefs in the subclass list during the recursive mro
  update instead of panicking on upgrade.
- Retire the replaced mros on the success path instead of dropping
  them while the type lock is held.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reify number sub-slot wrapper once in update_one_slot

The update_sub_slot! macro expanded the Python-method wrapper closure at
both the own and inherited store sites. Each expansion is a distinct fn
item, so a base and a non-overriding subclass stored wrappers with
distinct addresses in unmerged debug builds. binary_op1 compares slot fn
addresses to detect whether a subclass overrides the operator, so the
inherited slot was misread as an override and C() // E() dispatched to
__rfloordiv__ instead of __floordiv__.

Bind the wrapper store in a single closure and call it from both branches
so the fn item is reified once and the slot value stays identical across
a base and its subclasses. Document the conservative-on-mismatch nature
of the new_wrapper address guard in call_wrapped.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Restrict type_cache_after_fork visibility and guard type-cache reads

type_cache_after_fork is only called from within the crate, so mark it
pub(crate) to resolve the unreachable-pub warning.

Add debug_assert_current_thread_attached at the has_name_in_mro lock-free
type-cache read site, matching lookup_ref_and_version_interned, and gate
the function on debug_assertions so it is not compiled unused in release
builds where the call sites are elided.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Guard BinaryOpSubscrGetitem with the cached type version

The specialized BINARY_OP_SUBSCR_GETITEM handler used the cached
__getitem__ after checking only the function version, unlike the sibling
specialized handlers which revalidate the type version tag first.

Store the type version in the inline cache at specialization time and
revalidate owner.class().tp_version_tag against it before using the cached
function, deopting to the generic subscript path on mismatch.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Call __abstractmethods__ __len__ once in object.__new__

The abstract-method check invoked the user-visible __len__ twice: once via
length_opt for the count and again while materializing the method names.
Derive the count from the materialized list instead, so __len__ runs once.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use i64 fast paths for specialized int add/sub/mul

Rewrite execute_binary_op_int to box results through new_int via i64
checked arithmetic instead of raw BigInt ops with new_bigint. Add an
int_mul helper and a shared int_fast_op that computes the i64 result and
falls back to the BigInt operation on to_i64 or checked-op failure.

Wire int_mul into both the specialized BinaryOpMultiplyInt handler and
the generic execute_bin_op Multiply/InplaceMultiply path, gated on exact
int operands so subclasses keep dispatching through _mul/_imul.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use i64 fast paths for exact int floordiv and remainder

Add floordiv_i64/mod_i64 computing i64 floor-division and divisor-signed
remainder, guarding zero divisor and i64::MIN overflow by returning None.
Wire them through int_floordiv/int_mod (shared int_div_fast_op boxes via
new_int) into the generic execute_bin_op FloorDivide/Remainder and their
Inplace variants, gated on exact int operands so subclasses and zero
divisors fall through to the existing _floordiv/_mod/_ifloordiv/_imod
slow path.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip trashcan and untrack for non-GC-tracked objects in dealloc

default_dealloc read is_gc_tracked() only to decide untracking, and
entered the trashcan recursion guard unconditionally. Non-GC objects
(int, float, str, ...) own no child references that recurse during
deallocation, so they need neither the trashcan nor untracking. Read
is_gc_tracked() once and gate both trashcan begin/end and untrack on it,
removing three thread-local accesses per non-GC object deallocation.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Merge trashcan depth and defer queue into one thread-local struct

trashcan::end accessed two separate thread-locals (DEALLOC_DEPTH and
DEALLOC_QUEUE) at the outermost deallocation. Combine both into a single
`Trashcan` thread-local holding Cell-based depth and queue fields, so
begin and end each reach their state through one thread-local access.
The queue is set back before each deferred dealloc call so reentrant
begin/end during draining never holds an outstanding borrow.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Check object layout compatibility on __bases__ and __class__ assignment

Add a shared compatible_for_assignment helper that walks each type to the
base that fixes its instance layout and rejects the assignment when the old
and new layouts differ (basicsize, itemsize, member count, __dict__,
__weakref__, and __slots__ names). Wire it into set_bases, which previously
performed no layout check, and replace the inline check in __class__
assignment, which compared the two types directly and over-rejected a
subclass that adds no layout.

Enable test_descr.test_builtin_bases, which the new set_bases check passes.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Stop the world around GC pointer-reading phases

The cycle collector reads each tracked object's interpreter state during
reference subtraction, the reachability walk and the strong-reference
snapshot, including the localsplus of frames other threads are executing.
Those slots are written without synchronization, so the reads are a data
race under threading.

collect_inner now stops the world before taking the generation read locks
and restarts it after the strong-reference snapshot, before the
finalizer/weakref/tp_clear phases. A debug assertion checks that no frame
on any thread's call stack was classified unreachable.

Automatic collections from maybe_collect are deferred to the next bytecode
safepoint via a new eval-breaker GC bit instead of running synchronously:
a synchronous collection can hold an internal lock (e.g. the lazy frame
locals cell) that another thread is blocked on with no way to reach a
safepoint, deadlocking the stop.

Hardens the stop-the-world machinery for these frequent, concurrent GC
stops: attach_thread now honors a pending stop after re-attaching so a
thread doing rapid allow_threads calls cannot run past the requester;
stop_the_world completion is level-triggered on all-threads-suspended
rather than an edge-triggered countdown; and the thread-start started/ready
handshakes detach while waiting so the waiter is parkable.

Updates the Frame and PyRwLock/PyMutex traversal SAFETY comments to state
the actual invariant.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add threaded GC vs executing-frame stress snippet

Workers churn frame state (recursion, generators, frame cycles) while a
collector loops gc.collect() and an introspector walks live frame objects.
Exercises the stop-the-world barrier around GC traversal.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Serialize fork and GC stop-the-world requesters

fork() (posix before/after-fork) and the cycle collector both drive the
single StopTheWorldState. With no mutual exclusion their requester word and
suspension countdown could interleave and be clobbered, so the completion
check never converged and a requester waited on itself forever (reproducible
parent-side hang when forking with GC enabled).

Add one exclusion held for the whole stop->start span of either requester:
stop_the_world acquires it before any stop bookkeeping and
start_the_world/reset_after_fork release it. The acquire is park-friendly
(poll try-lock and honor a pending suspend between tries) so a requester
blocked behind an active stop can still be force-parked instead of deadlocking
the active requester. The acquirer holds no other lock while spinning.

Also correct the PyRwLock traverse SAFETY note: a failed try_read may mean a
force-parked thread holds the write lock; skipping is safe because
under-traversal only over-approximates liveness. Document the residual
gc.collect()-under-a-non-generation-lock exposure at the collect_inner barrier.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add fork under concurrent GC stop-the-world snippet

Worker threads allocate cyclic garbage with GC enabled while the main thread
forks repeatedly and each child collects. Exercises the fork/GC
stop-the-world exclusion; the allocation rate is throttled so a collection
stays cheap in unoptimized builds.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Detach while acquiring the import lock

The global import lock is held across bytecode by the importlib bootstrap,
so its holder can be parked at a safepoint mid-hold. Acquiring it while
attached let another thread block attached on the lock, so a stop-the-world
requester could wait forever for that attached thread to suspend while the
holder stayed parked.

Wrap IMP_LOCK acquisition in allow_threads in both _imp.acquire_lock and the
pre-fork acquire_imp_lock_for_fork so the wait honors stop-the-world requests.
Correct the acquire_exclusion comment: a spinning requester may hold IMP_LOCK
(fork) or the collecting mutex (GC); safety relies on those never being
acquired attached-blocking by another thread.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add concurrent-import vs GC deadlock snippet

Two threads re-import modules (contending the import lock) while a third
storms the cycle collector and a fourth allocates cyclic garbage. Regressed
as a hang before the import lock acquisition was made park-friendly.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Create call frames untracked and track generators explicitly

Add PyPayload::NEW_REF_UNTRACKED (default false, true for Frame) so
PyRef::new_ref skips auto-tracking ordinary call frames in the GC.
Generator/coroutine/async-generator frames are tracked explicitly in
invoke_with_locals before their generator back-reference is installed.
run_frame debug-asserts that a datastack frame is untracked on entry.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Track escaped call frames lazily at datastack release

Rewrite release_datastack_frame around the invariant that a datastack
frame is never GC-tracked while it runs: strong_count() == 1 means the
frame never escaped, so drop localsplus in place without touching the
GC; strong_count() > 1 means it escaped, so materialize localsplus onto
the heap and then track the frame. This removes the untrack and the
untrack-recheck dance from the common non-escaping path.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Guard the tracked-frame localsplus invariant

Document at Frame::traverse that references to a frame are always
recorded as graph edges, so the collector reads a frame's localsplus
only when the frame is itself a tracked candidate. Add debug assertions
at both frame track sites (escaped datastack frames and generator
frames) that a frame is heap-backed before it is tracked, so a collector
never reads data-stack-resident, still-mutating storage.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reword frame/dealloc invariant comments and drop needless borrow

- frame.rs: replace the task codename in the tracked-frame localsplus
  invariant comment with a description of the collector-vs-executing-frame
  behavior.
- object.rs: remove needless borrow on current_cls in the __class__
  assignment compatibility check.
- core.rs: rewrite the default_dealloc trashcan/untrack-skip comment to
  state the actual invariant, which now covers untracked non-escaped
  frames releasing at interpreter depth with bounded recursion.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Move type SetAttr slot rewrite inside the type lock and tighten cache reads

Run update_slot inside the same with_type_lock transaction as
modified_inner and the attributes dict mutation, so the version
invalidation, dict change, and slot-table rewrite are published together.

Load init_version and getitem_version with Acquire in the specialization
cache readers to pair with the Release stores in the writers.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Capture the type version before reading mutable slots in specializers

specialize_load_attr, specialize_store_attr, specialize_to_bool, and the
CallAllocAndEnterInit path of specialize_call read the version tag with
version_for_specialization before inspecting getattro, setattro, the
bool/len slots, and tp_new/tp_alloc, so a concurrent install of the
corresponding dunder invalidates the version the specialization is cached
against.

In the BinaryOpSubscr __getitem__ path, check the HEAPTYPE and
eval-frame gates before lookup_ref_and_version_interned, which takes the
global type lock and may allocate a version tag.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use _get_method_dict for the test_type check in the test runner

Replace the direct __func__.__dict__ access with the _get_method_dict
helper so plain functions without __func__ do not raise AttributeError.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix lint hooks: cspell dictionary entries, spelling fix, formatting

Add qsbr to the rustpython dictionary and reborrows/reparenting to
the top-level word list. Rename oldto/newto locals to old_to/new_to.
Fix Stabilise -> Stabilize typo in a frame.rs comment.
Apply cargo fmt to object.rs, type.rs, and frame.rs, and ruff
format/check fixes to two extra_tests snippet files.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Rebuild all slots for type and descendants on __bases__ reassignment

Add PyType::update_all_slots, which invalidates version tags and iterates
the full SLOT_DEFS name table calling update_slot::<true> for each distinct
name. Unlike init_slots, which is additive and driven only by dunder names
present in the current MRO, this resets a slot whose method left the MRO
instead of leaving a stale dispatcher pointer.

Call it from set_bases in place of the previous modified_inner + init_slots
pair, so reassigning __bases__ rebuilds slots for the type and every
descendant.

Add extra_tests/snippets/type_bases_slot_rebuild.py covering removed-method
resets on zelf and deep descendants, the wrong-target switch, __getattr__,
the added-method mirror, and a swap-away-and-back round trip.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Derive the thread-local frame stack from the frame chain

Remove the per-VM `frames` Vec. current_frame, sys._getframe,
sys._getframemodulename, frame.f_back, sys.monitoring re-instrumentation,
gc.get_referrers, faulthandler stack dumps and the post-fork slot rebuild
now walk the signal-safe CURRENT_FRAME/`previous` chain instead. Add
`Py::from_payload_ptr` to recover a frame object from a chain pointer.

The cross-thread `ThreadSlot::frames` registry (sys._current_frames,
cross-thread f_back, GC stop-the-world assertion) is unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Inherit sub-slot fallback into the field being resolved

update_one_slot's number/sequence/mapping fallback inherited via the
accessor's default field. Left and right binary ops (add/right_add)
share one accessor but occupy distinct fields, so resolving an absent
right op or deleting it reset the left op's field, dropping a
still-defined __add__ dispatcher. Inherit the exact field under
resolution instead.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gate type_cache_after_fork to its fork caller and use Self in downcast

type_cache_after_fork is only called from the unix fork path, so gate it
with all(feature = "host_env", unix) to match the caller and avoid a
dead-code error on non-unix targets. Replace the explicit PyType with Self
in the modified_inner downcast.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Unmark test_attr and test_method_call_error in test_monitoring

Both TestLoadSuperAttr tests now pass; remove their expectedFailure markers.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Run tp_new specialization __init__ without a trampoline frame

CallAllocAndEnterInit ran __init__ inside a synthetic init-cleanup shim
frame whose code carried the __init__ name. Since the thread frame stack
is derived from the frame chain, that shim frame was visible to
sys._getframe, f_back walks, traceback construction and inspect.stack /
inspect.trace. Its code object has empty co_positions, so a stack walk
that reached it raised StopIteration inside inspect._get_code_position,
cascading into unrelated failures (test_inspect trace/stack/frame,
asyncio source traceback).

Call __init__ directly via run_frame, enforce the __init__() should
return None contract inline, and drop the shim: the init-cleanup code
object, its builder, with_frame_untraced, monitoring_disabled_for_code,
and the extra-frame datastack/recursion budget. Removing the second
frame per construction also cuts the specialization's per-call cost.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Replace per-call thread-frame mutex with an atomic top-of-stack (unix)

On unix threading builds, publish each thread's top Python frame in a
single relaxed AtomicPtr store from set_current_frame instead of pushing
onto a parking_lot::Mutex<Vec<FramePtr>> per call. Cross-thread readers
(sys._current_frames, cross-thread f_back, faulthandler.dump_traceback,
the GC unreachable debug-assert) run under stop-the-world and walk the
published top frame down the Frame::previous chain; the owning thread is
then parked at a safepoint, so the pointer and the frames it reaches are
quiescent and alive. The faulthandler watchdog is a plain OS thread that
cannot stop-the-world, so it walks the chain lock-free and best-effort.

Non-unix threading builds have no stop-the-world and keep the existing
mutex-guarded frame stack unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip exc_info save/restore for callees that never touch the slot

with_frame saves and restores the shared exc_info slot around every
Python call to contain frames that leave it unbalanced. Cache a
has_exc_handling bit on PyCode at creation, set when the bytecode
contains any opcode that calls vm.set_exception (PushExcInfo, PopExcept,
CheckEgMatch, EndAsyncFor, InstrumentedEndAsyncFor). A callee whose code
has none of these cannot mutate the slot, so the save and restore are
skipped for it. Generators go through resume_gen_frame and are
unaffected.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Return a write-through FrameLocalsProxy from frame.f_locals

Optimized (function) frames now expose `f_locals` as a `FrameLocalsProxy`
implementing PEP 667 semantics instead of a cached snapshot dict:

- reads go live through the fast-local slots; each access mints a fresh
  proxy; keys that do not name a fast local are stored in a per-frame
  `f_extra_locals` side dict and folded into `locals()`.
- writes to a fast-local key store into the slot (or its cell) in place;
  deleting a fast local raises ValueError; extra keys delete normally.
- full mapping protocol: keys/values/items (lists), get/pop/setdefault,
  update (dict or FrameLocalsProxy only), __or__/__ior__/__ror__ (dict
  result), copy (plain dict), __reduce__ blocks pickling/copy, repr with
  recursion guard, mapping-pattern and Mapping ABC support.

Class/module/exec frames keep returning their namespace mapping directly.
Cross-thread access to a frame running on another thread still raises
RuntimeError.

A closed generator now keeps its frame locals when a durable frame
reference escaped (f_locals proxy, sys._getframe, f_back), matching
take_ownership; the escape is tracked with a per-frame flag. The
snapshot-then-fold locals_to_fast/locals_dirty write-back is retired
since proxy writes reach the slots directly.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Retain the caller frame so f_back resolves after it returns

When a frame escapes its execution (referenced through a traceback,
`sys._getframe`, `f_locals`, ...), capture a strong reference to its
caller at release time. `f_back` consults it once the caller has left
the live frame chain, so the Python-visible frame chain survives return.
The retained reference is a GC-traversed edge and is cleared by
`frame.clear()`, so ancestor chains stay collectable.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix debug-build native stack overflow on deep recursion

Make check_c_stack_overflow one-sided (trip whenever the stack pointer
is below the soft limit) so a single native frame larger than the margin
cannot step past the danger band undetected.

Raise the debug STACK_MARGIN_BYTES from 4096 to 16384 words so the margin
exceeds a single debug interpreter frame, leaving headroom to raise
RecursionError. Release margin unchanged.

Clamp the soft-limit margin to half the stack so small explicit thread
stacks do not get a soft limit above their stack top.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Allocate exception instance __dict__ lazily

Exception construction went through into_ref_with_type, which eagerly
allocated an empty instance dict for every HAS_DICT type. Add
into_ref_with_type_lazy_dict, which builds the instance with an
unallocated dict slot, and route the four exception construction sites
(PyBaseException, PyOSError, OSErrorBuilder, PyBaseExceptionGroup)
through it. The dict now materializes on first attribute write or
__dict__ access via the existing get_or_insert path.

add_note and PyImportError::slot_init now obtain the dict through
object_get_dict so they materialize it instead of assuming it exists.

A freshly constructed exception no longer reports an empty dict in
gc.get_referents, matching the reference interpreter.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Allocate exception __dict__ lazily in vm.new_exception

Route vm.new_exception() through into_ref_with_type_lazy_dict so
internally raised exceptions (new_type_error, new_value_error, etc.)
start without an instance dict, matching the slot_new path. The dict
is materialized on the first attribute write or __dict__ access.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Validate FrameLocalsProxy.update() arguments

Reject keyword arguments and require exactly one positional argument,
raising TypeError with the "takes no keyword arguments" and "takes
exactly one argument (N given)" messages.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Address review nits in frame and faulthandler

- Drop stale vm.frames reference from the release_datastack_frame
  uniqueness argument.
- Assert has_exc_handling when unwinding an Except-typed stack slot,
  documenting the invariant that guards the shared exc_info write.
- Truncate the specialized __init__ return-type name to 200 chars,
  matching the unspecialized wrapper.
- Reword two comments to describe behavior without prose references
  to CPython.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use scopeguard for start_the_world in faulthandler dump_all_threads

Wrap the unix stop-the-world registry walk in a scope with
scopeguard::defer! so start_the_world runs on panic, matching the
f_back and get_all_current_frames sites. Add scopeguard to the stdlib
dependencies. Also correct the restore_exception doc comment to name
with_frame after the rename.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gitignore docs/superpowers

Assisted-by: Claude

* Rename type_bases_slot_rebuild.py to builtin_type_bases.py

Match the builtin_* naming convention of extra_tests/snippets.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply rustfmt, ruff, and cspell lint fixes

Reformat with rustfmt, fix import spacing in builtin_type_bases.py with
ruff, and add "pointee" to the cspell word list.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gate unix-only QSBR methods to their call sites

`online`, `drain_all`, and `reset_after_fork` are called only from unix
code (thread attach/detach, post-fork reset), and `offline` from unix
code plus a unit test. Gate them with matching cfg so `-D dead_code`
does not fire on non-unix targets.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Visit the function closure tuple as a GC edge

PyFunction::traverse visited the cells inside the closure tuple instead
of the tuple object itself, so the tuple's reference from the function
was never subtracted during cycle collection. A closure tuple that
reached back to its function (or, through a frame retained by f_back,
to a Thread) was stranded as a false GC root and never collected,
leaking the whole cycle. Visit the tuple itself, matching clear().

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply formatting hook fix to builtin_type_bases.py

Assisted-by: Claude

* Unmark asyncgen finalization-by-gc tests in test_base_events

test_asyncgen_finalization_by_gc and
test_asyncgen_finalization_by_gc_in_other_thread now pass; GC finalizes
the async generators.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Unmark test_sni_callback_refcycle in test_ssl

The servername-callback reference cycle is now collected by GC.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Widen GC stop-the-world gates from unix-only to all threading builds

Change `cfg(all(unix, feature = "threading"))` to `cfg(feature = "threading")`
on the stop-the-world machinery so it also compiles and runs on non-unix
threading builds:

- StopTheWorldState, its stats, stw_trace, and the stop_the_world field
- ThreadSlot state/stop_requested/thread fields and their initializers
- wait_while_suspended/attach_thread/detach_thread/suspend_if_needed/do_suspend,
  allow_threads, stop_requested_for_current_thread, and the enter_vm /
  VmBootstrapGuard / attach_current_thread / release_current_thread / cleanup
  attach-state wiring
- eval_breaker_tripped, check_signals, run_scheduled_gc, signal GC_BIT /
  schedule_gc / take_gc_scheduled, and the frame.rs safepoint call
- CollectStopTheWorld and its use in collect_inner
- QSBR::online/offline, now called from attach/detach on all threading builds
- debug_assert_current_thread_attached and its type-cache call sites

maybe_collect defers auto-collection to the bytecode safepoint on every
threading build instead of only unix; non-threading builds keep the inline
collect. stw_trace writes to std stderr on non-unix.

top_frame publishing (CURRENT_TOP_FRAME_SLOT, set_current_frame), the
frame-walk debug assert in collect_inner, and the fork reinit helpers remain
unix-only; non-unix keeps ThreadSlot::frames for introspection.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Detach current thread around blocking _winapi/_overlapped waits

Wrap the blocking Windows wait calls in `vm.allow_threads` so the calling
thread transitions ATTACHED -> DETACHED for the duration of the wait:

- _winapi: WaitForSingleObject, WaitForMultipleObjects,
  BatchedWaitForMultipleObjects, ConnectNamedPipe, ReadFile,
  Overlapped.GetOverlappedResult
- _overlapped: Overlapped.getresult

These previously blocked while ATTACHED, so a stop-the-world requester
could never suspend the thread and spun in its wait loop indefinitely.

* Format WaitForMultipleObjects allow_threads closure

* Treat concurrent sni_callback removal as no-op in invoke_sni_callback

* Assert capi refcount on a fresh mortal list instead of the int type object

The refcount test asserted exact incref/decref deltas on PyInt's shared
type object. That object's reference count is perturbed by the other capi
tests running in parallel, and is immortal under some interpreter
configurations, so the deltas were not reliably +1/-1. Assert them on a
freshly created, uniquely owned list whose reference count is private to
the test and mortal.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Traverse and GC-track PyOSError instances

The `#[pyexception]` struct macro now forwards a `traverse` option to the
generated `#[pyclass]`, and `ExceptionItemMeta` accepts the `traverse`
key. `PyOSError` is marked `traverse = "manual"`, so `HAS_TRAVERSE` is
true and OSError-family instances are tracked at creation and traversed
by the collector.

`PyOSError::traverse` now visits the underlying `PyBaseException`
(traceback, cause, context, args) instead of `PyException::try_traverse`,
which was a no-op because `PyException` has `HAS_TRAVERSE = false`.

* Unmark test_blockingioerror in test_io

The BlockingIOError reference cycle is now collected by GC.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-08 15:21:41 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon a1ba6a662c Align compiler and AST behavior with CPython (#8138)
* Align compiler and AST behavior with CPython

Update the compiler pipeline, AST module support, and related VM compile/eval paths toward CPython 3.14 behavior.

Use upstream Ruff parser crates directly and keep RustPython-specific syntax preflight handling in the compile path.

Refresh opcode metadata, snapshots, and targeted tests for the aligned bytecode and AST behavior.

* fix

* Fix PR 8138 CI failures

* Fix match mapping wildcard scan complexity

* fixes

* Use Ruff runtime AST fields

* Minimize residual patch diff

* refactor error handling

* Remove _ast conversion context wrappers

* Clean up _ast conversion glue and compiler warning escalation

Rename the Node conversion parameter `ctx` to `vm` throughout the _ast
module.

Remove the unused compile_program, compile_program_single,
compile_block_expression, and compile_expression forwarders; compile_top
stays as the entry point.

Stash an escalated compiler SyntaxWarning so a non-SyntaxWarning category
propagates unchanged instead of being rewritten to SyntaxError, matching
PyErr_ExceptionMatches(SyntaxWarning) in compiler_warn. Drop the now-unused
CompileWarningError::into_codegen_error.

Replace the PositionalArguments two-variant enum with a struct holding a
shared range and a PositionalArgumentsKind enum.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Represent compiler flags as a CompilerFlags bitflags

Replace the loose PY_CF_*/CO_* i32 constants in compile_mode with a
CompilerFlags bitflags covering the PyCF_* flags and __future__
CO_FUTURE_* bits. The Python-visible ast.PyCF_* attribute values are
derived from it via bits(); parser input modes stay plain consts.

builtins::compile and the compile_string flag handling test flags
through CompilerFlags::contains instead of raw bit math.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix PR 8138 test regressions

* Fix PR 8138 CI failures

* Avoid shell interpolation in Linux deps action

* Fix review findings in compiler/AST changes

- frame.rs: compute the MATCH_CLASS class name lazily so a successful
  match no longer takes the type name lock or allocates; the
  __match_args__-not-a-tuple branch reuses it instead of recomputing.
- _ast/constant.rs: add the missing leading space to the with_recursion
  label ("maximum recursion depth exceeded during compilation").
- sys.set_int_max_str_digits: restore the "maxdigits must be 0 or larger
  than {n}" error text.
- codegen: set CO_MAXBLOCKS to 20 in both ir.rs and compile.rs.
- _ast/exception.rs: extract the duplicated excepthandler node guard
  into ensure_excepthandler_node.
- codegen: correct the validate_keywords doc comment.
- Drop redundant "CPython" qualifiers from comments added in this branch.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-06-26 18:22:08 +09:00
Shahar Naveh c6e254fbdc General code nits (#8135)
* General nitpicks

* Move Compiler::constant_truthiness to a ConstantData method

* More code cleanup

* bytecode::CodeFlags -> CodeFlags

* More code clenaups
2026-06-22 16:46:17 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 11da0b42c3 clippy enum_glob_use (#8121) 2026-06-17 13:24:36 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 5add3d6a69 Align codegen passes and opcode metadata with CPython (#7987)
* Share marshal ref table between code object and its internals

read_marshal_bytes, _str, _str_vec, _name_tuple, and _const_tuple now
take a shared ref table and resolve TYPE_REF / register FLAG_REF
entries. deserialize_code is split into a public wrapper and an inner
function that receives the ref table; deserialize_value_depth opens a
fresh inner ref space when it hits Type::Code, mirroring CPython's
behaviour of putting the code object itself at ref slot 0. Nested code
objects inside const tuples reuse the surrounding code's ref space via
the new read_const_value helper.

* Align PYC magic number, FORMAT_VERSION, and header check with CPython 3.14

PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER changes from 2994 to 3627, matching CPython 3.14's
pyc_magic_number_token (0x0a0d0e2b). marshal FORMAT_VERSION drops from
5 to 4 (the encoder/marshal.version value; the decoder already accepts
both). check_pyc_magic_number_bytes now compares all four magic bytes
instead of the first two.

* Accept CPython-tagged .pyc as read-only bytecode source

SourceFileLoader.get_code now also looks for .pyc files using
_RP_FALLBACK_CACHE_TAGS (currently ('cpython-314',)) in addition to
sys.implementation.cache_tag. The matched .pyc is only used for
reading; recompilation still writes to the RustPython-tagged path, so
CPython's .pyc is never overwritten. Source-stat / hash / timestamp
validation logic is unchanged.

* Apply rustfmt to marshal helpers

* Marshal PySlice from format version 4 instead of 5

CPython's marshal supports TYPE_SLICE from format version 4 onwards
and that is the default version. Rejecting slice dumps below version
5 made marshal.dumps(slice(...)) fail with the default version and
broke test.test_marshal.SliceTestCase.test_slice.

* Revert "Accept CPython-tagged .pyc as read-only bytecode source"

Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py is CPython's own code copied
verbatim; local patches here defeat compatibility tracking. The
cpython-XX cache_tag fallback needs to live on the RustPython side
(Rust code or sys.implementation.cache_tag policy), not as edits to
the imported standard library.

This reverts commit 1fc426d0fb5fcdb50d35cad13bbb43e8f6ce1c7f.

* Set marshal FORMAT_VERSION to 5 to match CPython 3.14.5

Py_MARSHAL_VERSION is 5 in CPython 3.14.5 (Include/marshal.h:16) and
TYPE_SLICE serialization rejects version < 5 (Python/marshal.c:720).
Restore the same threshold and constant so marshal.version and the
slice-marshal gate match CPython.

* Thread marshal recursion depth through nested code objects

Code objects embedded in const-tuples reset the depth budget on each
recursion, so a hostile or pathological marshal stream of code-in-tuple-
in-code can blow the stack despite MAX_MARSHAL_STACK_DEPTH. Pass the
current depth through deserialize_code_inner and read_marshal_const_tuple
and decrement at each code-object/tuple boundary.

Also route dict keys through deserialize_value_after_header so TYPE_CODE
keys decode instead of failing with BadType.

* align compiler to CPython

* Align codegen with CPython compile.c

Rename CFG helpers and accessors to the names used in CPython's
compile.c (basicblock_next_instr, basicblock_last_instr,
basicblock_append_instructions, bb_has_fallthrough, is_jump,
make_cfg_traversal_stack, mark_warm/mark_cold, etc.). Drop the unused
boolop-folding gate, mark_cpython_cfg_label_block helper, and
ComprehensionLoopControl::iter_range field.

Track an is_coroutine flag on SymbolTable, set in async def, await, and
async comprehensions, and propagate it through non-generator
comprehensions per symtable_handle_comprehension().

Mark SetupCleanup/SetupFinally/SetupWith as has_arg pseudo-ops, mark
ForIter as a terminator, and add has_arg/has_const on AnyInstruction.
Fix Instruction::stack_effect_jump to delegate to the opcode's
stack_effect_jump rather than stack_effect.

* Align codegen IR with CPython CFG structures

* Match CPython CFG annotation offset arithmetic

* Propagate CPython CFG label translation errors

* Align CPython exception target labeling flow

* Propagate CPython CFG traversal stack allocation errors

* Match CPython optimize_load_fast allocation flow

* Propagate CPython basicblock allocation errors

* Propagate CPython redundant NOP cleanup errors

* Propagate CPython unused const cleanup errors

* Propagate CPython const folding errors

* Propagate CPython swaptimize allocation errors

* Match CPython list-to-tuple fold allocation

* Skip const folding on CPython allocation failures

* Skip subscript folding on CPython allocation failures

* Propagate CPython assembler allocation errors

* Propagate CPython localsplus allocation errors

* Propagate CPython localsplus setup allocation errors

* Propagate CPython jump label map allocation errors

* Propagate CPython instruction sequence allocation errors

* Propagate CPython instruction label allocation errors

* Guard CPython codegen block allocation

* Guard CPython label shadow allocation

* Propagate CPython label shadow allocation errors

* Align CPython c-array allocation updates

* Align CPython ref stack growth

* Match CPython CFG builder debug check

* Avoid Rust-only CFG append clone

* Reuse CPython cleared block slots

* Use CPython block append in copy_basicblock

* Match CPython cfg builder creation order

* Clear label map after CPython apply pass

* Match CPython cfg builder allocation check

* Propagate CPython c-array size errors

* Drop Rust-only label uniqueness check

* Drop Rust-only label shadow debug checks

* Propagate CFG block index overflow

* Propagate CFG label oparg overflow

* Model CPython basicblock instruction storage

* Drop Rust-only recorded CFG precheck

* Model CPython instruction sequence storage

* Propagate instruction sequence offset overflow

* Model CPython instruction sequence labels

* Match CPython jump offset arithmetic

* Match CPython exception table arithmetic

* Match CPython label index arithmetic

* Match CPython instruction offset casts

* Match CPython jump offset indexing

* Match CPython oparg locals casts

* Match CPython localsplus offset arithmetic

* Match CPython cell prefix indexing

* Match CPython C array growth arithmetic

* Match CPython label map allocation arithmetic

* Match CPython label map size tracking

* Use CPython label map size in sequence passes

* Assert CPython label map clearing invariants

* Match CPython label oparg assignment

* Match CPython compiler direct arithmetic

* Match CPython load fast local casts

* Match CPython load fast depth assert

* Match CPython resume depth flagging

* Match CPython stack depth arithmetic

* Drop Rust-only stack overflow error

* Return CPython stack depth directly

* Match CPython C array growth errors

* Match CPython instruction insert asserts

* Match CPython unreachable pseudo jump

* Match CPython CFG size guard

* Match CPython superinstruction assert

* Match CPython redundant jump assert

* Match CPython stackdepth errors

* Match CPython jump offset flow

* Match CPython assembler buffer defaults

* Match CPython bytecode emit growth

* Match CPython assembler entry growth

* Match CPython assembler growth overflow check

* Match CPython remove_unreachable structure

* Match CPython static swap flow

* Inline CPython code unit preprocessing

* Match CPython C array growth checks

* Match CPython label map size guard

* Match CPython load-fast flow

* Simplify CPython CFG condition flow

* Align exception fallthrough propagation

* Match CPython pseudo target table

* Match CPython annotations CFG assert

* Match CPython inverted op assert

* Match CPython many-locals guard

* Reject deopt opcodes in CFG stack effects

* Match CPython invalid stack effect error

* Test CPython deopt stack effect guard

* Match CPython load-fast extended-arg assert

* Match CPython instruction allocation asserts

* Match CPython basicblock last-instr asserts

* Match CPython opcode range asserts

* Assert CPython fallthrough line propagation invariant

* Assert CPython CFG target offset sign

* Assert CPython exception fallthrough invariant

* Assert CPython exception stack bounds

* Assert CPython traversal stack allocation

* Match CPython label-map allocation in shadow

* Mirror CPython label-map sentinel fill

* Match CPython CFG builder allocation asserts

* Match CPython exception stack structure

* Match CPython ref stack structure

* Match CPython CFG traversal stack structure

* Mirror CPython CFG traversal stack pointer

* Use CPython fixed exception handler stack

* Mirror CPython ref stack capacity field

* Match CPython swap optimizer scratch stack

* Align static swap helpers with CPython blocks

* Align swaptimize signature with CPython

* Match CPython redundant pair pass result

* Match CPython inline pass result

* Match CPython redundant NOP pass results

* Fix bytecode metadata after upstream rebase

* Match CPython opcode stack metadata

* Add CPython identifiers to cspell dictionary

Add CNOTAB, LNOTAB, ialloc, ioffset, iused, nblocks, ncellsused,
ncellvars, nextop, noffsets, nvars, swaptimize, untargeted to
.cspell.dict/cpython.txt for the new CFG/assembler code in
crates/codegen/src/ir.rs.

* Fix CI failures from bytecode-parity work

- clippy: drop redundant `test_` prefix on three test functions and
  remove an unnecessary `u32` cast in basicblock_clear_reuses_cpython_spare_slots_in_offset_order
- insta: regenerate nested_double_async_with snapshot to match the new
  CFG output that drops unreferenced labels after the redundant-NOP pass
- regrtest: drop `@expectedFailure` markers from test_func_args,
  test_meth_args (test_compile), test_disassemble_with,
  test_disassemble_try_finally (test_dis), and test_except_star
  (test_monitoring) which now pass

* Resync generated opcode metadata

Empty conf.toml since WithExceptStart and Setup{Cleanup,Finally,With}
stack effects already match CPython, so the TODO override entries are
stale and only cause CI hook diffs.

Regenerate opcode_metadata.rs and drop the matching SetupCleanup/
SetupFinally/SetupWith assertions on PseudoOpcode::has_arg(); their
`HAS_ARG` flag comes from pseudo definitions in bytecodes.c that the
upstream analyzer does not propagate through PseudoInstruction.properties,
so the generated has_arg() excludes them. has_target() still covers
these block-push pseudos via is_block_push().

* Drop is_block_push has_arg invariant

The CPython invariant `assert(OPCODE_HAS_ARG(op) || !IS_BLOCK_PUSH(op))`
relies on SETUP_{FINALLY,CLEANUP,WITH} carrying `HAS_ARG_FLAG` in
CPython's metadata. The autogen tool reads pseudo-opcode properties from
target instructions and does not propagate the pseudo's own
HAS_ARG flag, so PseudoOpcode::has_arg() omits these three opcodes.
Drop the debug_assert that fired inside py_freeze proc-macro expansion.

* Auto-generate has_eval_break and route AnyInstruction has_arg/has_const via macro

Add fn_has_eval_break to generate_rs_opcode_metadata.py using CPython's
Properties.eval_breaker, removing the hand-written matches! body for
Opcode::has_eval_break and PseudoOpcode::has_eval_break.

Forward has_arg/has_const from Instruction and PseudoInstruction to
their opcode, so AnyInstruction can use either_real_pseudo! like the
other has_* accessors instead of an open-coded match.
2026-05-28 09:19:11 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 26dfeae512 Autogen opcodes metadata (#7983) 2026-05-27 16:44:58 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 9a0291188c Clippy rules (test related) (#7968) 2026-05-25 22:03:18 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 1d95df70bd Align marshal and .pyc with CPython 3.14 (#7958)
* Share marshal ref table between code object and its internals

read_marshal_bytes, _str, _str_vec, _name_tuple, and _const_tuple now
take a shared ref table and resolve TYPE_REF / register FLAG_REF
entries. deserialize_code is split into a public wrapper and an inner
function that receives the ref table; deserialize_value_depth opens a
fresh inner ref space when it hits Type::Code, mirroring CPython's
behaviour of putting the code object itself at ref slot 0. Nested code
objects inside const tuples reuse the surrounding code's ref space via
the new read_const_value helper.

* Align PYC magic number, FORMAT_VERSION, and header check with CPython 3.14

PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER changes from 2994 to 3627, matching CPython 3.14's
pyc_magic_number_token (0x0a0d0e2b). marshal FORMAT_VERSION drops from
5 to 4 (the encoder/marshal.version value; the decoder already accepts
both). check_pyc_magic_number_bytes now compares all four magic bytes
instead of the first two.

* Add CPython 3.14 .pyc decoding regression tests

Two fixture-based tests pin the marshal decoder against actual CPython
3.14 marshal.dumps() output: a trivial module that exercises FLAG_REF
plus TYPE_REF for qualname, and a module with a nested function that
exercises ref sharing between a const tuple and its surrounding code
object.

* Accept CPython-tagged .pyc as read-only bytecode source

SourceFileLoader.get_code now also looks for .pyc files using
_RP_FALLBACK_CACHE_TAGS (currently ('cpython-314',)) in addition to
sys.implementation.cache_tag. The matched .pyc is only used for
reading; recompilation still writes to the RustPython-tagged path, so
CPython's .pyc is never overwritten. Source-stat / hash / timestamp
validation logic is unchanged.

* Apply rustfmt to marshal helpers

* Marshal PySlice from format version 4 instead of 5

CPython's marshal supports TYPE_SLICE from format version 4 onwards
and that is the default version. Rejecting slice dumps below version
5 made marshal.dumps(slice(...)) fail with the default version and
broke test.test_marshal.SliceTestCase.test_slice.

* Revert "Accept CPython-tagged .pyc as read-only bytecode source"

Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py is CPython's own code copied
verbatim; local patches here defeat compatibility tracking. The
cpython-XX cache_tag fallback needs to live on the RustPython side
(Rust code or sys.implementation.cache_tag policy), not as edits to
the imported standard library.

This reverts commit 1fc426d0fb5fcdb50d35cad13bbb43e8f6ce1c7f.

* Format sys.implementation.cache_tag as cpython-{MAJOR}{MINOR}

Use the CPython compatibility version (e.g. cpython-314) instead of
the rustpython-{MAJOR_IMPL}_{MINOR_IMPL} interpreter version string.

* Set marshal FORMAT_VERSION to 5 to match CPython 3.14.5

Py_MARSHAL_VERSION is 5 in CPython 3.14.5 (Include/marshal.h:16) and
TYPE_SLICE serialization rejects version < 5 (Python/marshal.c:720).
Restore the same threshold and constant so marshal.version and the
slice-marshal gate match CPython.

* Thread marshal recursion depth through nested code objects

Code objects embedded in const-tuples reset the depth budget on each
recursion, so a hostile or pathological marshal stream of code-in-tuple-
in-code can blow the stack despite MAX_MARSHAL_STACK_DEPTH. Pass the
current depth through deserialize_code_inner and read_marshal_const_tuple
and decrement at each code-object/tuple boundary.

Also route dict keys through deserialize_value_after_header so TYPE_CODE
keys decode instead of failing with BadType.
2026-05-24 19:30:42 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 6440e64355 Align codegen metadata with CPython (#7952) 2026-05-23 20:16:03 +09:00
Shahar Naveh acf12468c4 Clippy nursery lints (#7875) 2026-05-15 10:38:36 +00:00
fanninpm 738d36eb04 Move dependencies to workspace for compiler-core crate (#7874)
* Add dependency from `compiler-core` crate to workspace

* Declare dependency as workspace = true
2026-05-15 16:52:31 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 7b2379dbef Add more pedantic clippy rules (#7830) 2026-05-12 20:57:37 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 542ddd40d9 Autogen instructions & opcodes (#7797) 2026-05-10 22:13:38 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 76128d183f Remove unused rust impl for formatting dis output (#7660)
* Remove unused rust impl for formatting dis output

* remove `examples/dis.rs`

* Added tests

* Update lock

* Try to set snapshot dir

* Remove verbose flag

* Regenerate snapshots after #7711

* Revert "Bump insta from 1.46.3 to 1.47.2 (#7706)"

This reverts commit e6d9ea6bfe.

* Debug info

* Show diff as well

* Show debug faster

* CI: true env

* Recert CI

* Add `CI: true` in ci emv

* Reapply "Bump insta from 1.46.3 to 1.47.2 (#7706)"

This reverts commit 693ca8cbe4d7885a81162a9be31e8bb567db885a.

* simplify macro

* trim on function side

* Force insta workspace root

* fix merge
2026-05-05 08:09:35 +00:00
Shahar Naveh 00fef131bd Opcode name (#7433) 2026-05-04 20:49:47 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 323a45ef07 Enable some pedantic clippy lints (#7764) 2026-05-04 10:25:37 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 5c1a2d7876 AnyInstruction helpers + doc imrovments (#7757) 2026-05-03 00:13:31 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 5ea40b496f Opcode descs not hardcoded (#7682)
* Add `::iterator()` for oparg enums

* adjust `get_special_method_names`

* Adjust intristic function 2 oparg

* Adjust intristic function 1 oparg

* Adjust binary operator oparg
2026-04-25 21:57:02 +09:00
Shahar Naveh f3aee2ce5a oparg_enum! to support custom display value (#7654) 2026-04-23 15:32:01 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 9ee32a1b38 Bytecode parity - boolop, comprehension, CFG passes (#7631)
* Bytecode parity - boolop, comprehension, CFG passes

- Flatten nested same-op BoolOp and add IfExpr to jump_if
- Simplify is_name_imported to module-level only
- Enable inlined comprehensions in module/class scope
- Add TweakInlinedComprehensionScopes with fast_hidden tracking
- Track fb_range in FBlockInfo for with-statement line info
- Add constant subscript folding and unary Not folding
- Add emit_return_const_no_location for implicit returns
- Use JumpNoInterrupt for ternary/except jumps
- Add STACK_USE_GUIDELINE threshold for collection building
- Reorder CFG pipeline: inline small blocks earlier, resolve
  line numbers before cold block extraction
- Add redirect_empty_unconditional_jump_targets,
  reorder_conditional_chain_and_jump_back_blocks,
  materialize_empty_conditional_exit_targets,
  duplicate_shared_jump_back_targets passes
- Add borrow deoptimization for multi-handler, named-except,
  protected conditional tail, and protected import joins
- Run folding/optimization passes twice around peephole

* Bytecode parity - slice augassign, async comp inline

- Augmented assignment with two-part slices uses BINARY_SLICE/STORE_SLICE
- Inline async comprehensions (remove await/async guards)
- Inlined comprehension cleanup jump uses JumpNoInterrupt
- Class firstlineno uses first decorator line when decorated
- Recurse into nested functions for static attribute collection
- Fold unary positive complex constants (+0.0j)
- Add deoptimize_borrow_for_folded_nonliteral_exprs pass
- Add inline_single_predecessor_artificial_expr_exit_blocks pass
- Skip shared artificial expr-stmt exit blocks in small-block inlining
- Mark folded boolop tail as folded_from_nonliteral_expr

* apply reviews
2026-04-21 00:10:00 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon a04189fa34 Align bytecode codegen structure with CPython 3.14 (#7588)
* Align bytecode codegen structure with CPython 3.14

* Bytecode parity - constant folding, annotation ordering, superinstruction alignment

- Add BoolOp constant folding with short-circuit semantics in compile_expression
- Add constant truthiness evaluation for assert statement optimization
- Disable const collection/boolop folding in starred unpack and assignment contexts
- Move annotation block generation after body with AnnotationsPlaceholder splicing
- Reorder insert_superinstructions to run before push_cold_blocks (matching flowgraph.c)
- Lower LOAD_CLOSURE after superinstructions to avoid false LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST
- Add ToBool before PopJumpIf in comparisons and chained compare cleanup blocks
- Unify annotation dict building to always use incremental BuildMap + StoreSubscr
- Add TrueDivide constant folding for integer operands
- Fold constant sets to Frozenset (not Tuple) in try_fold_constant_collection
- Add PyVmBag for frozenset constant materialization in code objects
- Add remove_redundant_const_pop_top_pairs pass and peephole const+branch folding
- Emit Nop for skipped constant expressions and constant-true asserts
- Preserve comprehension local ordering by source-order bound name collection
- Simplify annotation scanning in symboltable (remove simple-name gate)

* Fix CI regressions in marshal and fast-local ops

* impl more

* Align bytecode codegen with CPython structure

* Bytecode parity - comprehension/except scope ordering, load_fast_borrow fixes

- Reorder comprehension symbol-table walk so the outermost iterator
  registers its sub_tables in the enclosing scope before the comp
  scope, and rescan elt/ifs in CPython's order. Codegen peeks past the
  outermost iterator's nested scopes to find the comprehension table.
- For plain try/except, emit handler sub_tables before the else block
  so codegen's linear sub_table cursor stays aligned.
- Rename `collect_simple_annotations` to `collect_annotations` and
  evaluate non-simple annotations during __annotate__ compilation to
  preserve source-order side effects while keeping the simple-name
  index stable.
- Dedupe equivalent code constants in `arg_constant` and add a
  structural equality check on `CodeObject`.
- Disable LOAD_FAST_BORROW for the tail end block when a try has a
  bare `except:` clause, and have `new_block` inherit the flag from
  the current block.
- Remove `cfg!(debug_assertions)` guard around the
  `optimize_load_fast_borrow` start-depth check so mismatches are
  handled (return instead of assert) in release builds.
- Collapse nop-only blocks that precede a return epilogue and hoist
  the prior line number into the next real instruction so the
  line table matches.
- Unmark now-passing `test_consts_in_conditionals`,
  `test_load_fast_unknown_simple`,
  `test_load_fast_known_because_already_loaded`, and PEP 646 f3/f4
  annotation checks.

* Bytecode parity - try/except line tracking, assert 0 shape

- In `compile_try_except`, drop the leading Nop and set the end
  block's source range from the last orelse/body statement so line
  events after the try fall on the right line.
- Recognise constant-false asserts as the direct-raise shape (no
  ToBool/PopJumpIfFalse) and flip the test assertion accordingly.
- Extend `remove_redundant_nops_in_blocks` to also look through a
  trailing nop before a return-epilogue pair (LoadConst/ReturnValue
  or LoadSmallInt/ReturnValue) so the epilogue keeps the correct
  line number.
- Rename `preds` to `predecessor_blocks` in the LOAD_FAST_BORROW
  disable pass and add a test-only `debug_late_cfg_trace` helper.
- Regenerate the `nested_double_async_with` snapshot: the tail
  reference to `stop_exc` now emits LOAD_FAST instead of
  LOAD_FAST_BORROW.

* Bytecode parity - iter folding, break/continue line, cold inlining

- Fold a constant list iterable into a constant tuple in for-loop
  iterable position, matching the CPython optimizer, and strip a
  redundant LIST_TO_TUPLE immediately before GET_ITER in the IR
  peephole pass.
- Emit a Nop at the break/continue source range before unwinding
  so line events land on the break/continue statement instead of
  the following instruction.
- Drop `propagate_disable_load_fast_borrow`; the forward propagation
  was over-zealous and the per-block inheritance in `new_block` plus
  the bare-except marker are enough.
- Relax `inline_small_or_no_lineno_blocks` so small exit blocks at
  the tail of a cold block are always inlined, not just return
  epilogues.
- Add codegen tests covering the LIST_TO_TUPLE/GET_ITER peephole and
  the late-CFG trace helper for a for-loop list-literal iterable.
2026-04-18 09:19:11 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 11493eb56b Add const methods for oparg enums (#7617)
* Add const methods for oparg enums

* Shorten doc link
2026-04-17 20:06:30 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 930a07b7df Constify OpArgState methods (#7616) 2026-04-17 20:05:37 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 8d1000d485 Simplify Intruction.deopt() (#7615)
* Simplify `Instruction.deopt()`

* Adjust `scripts/generate_opcode_metadata.py`
2026-04-17 20:04:22 +09:00
Shahar Naveh e52e698d36 Simplify cache_entries match statement (#7613)
* Simplify cache_entries method

* Use `Opcode`
2026-04-16 08:52:11 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 63fa928074 Macro for defining opcode & instruction enums (#7573)
* Macro for defining opcode & instruction enums

* Convert `Instruction` as well

* revert `#[repr(...)]` changes
2026-04-16 03:18:14 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 030da76d4e Add InstructionMetadata::stack_effect_jump for branch stack effects (#7585)
* Add InstructionMetadata::stack_effect_jump for branch stack effects

CPython's compile.c provides stack_effect(opcode, oparg, jump) where the
jump parameter selects between fallthrough and branch effects. The existing
stack_effect() only returns the fallthrough effect.

Add stack_effect_jump() that returns the branch effect. Most instructions
have identical fallthrough/branch effects; ForIter and Send are the
exceptions (ForIter: fallthrough=+1, branch=-1; Send: fallthrough=0,
branch=-1).

* apply review
2026-04-13 17:25:26 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 7abf8cc247 Bytecode parity - for-loop cleanup, return duplication, late jump threading fix (#7580)
- Use POP_TOP instead of POP_ITER for for-loop break/return cleanup
- Expand duplicate_end_returns to clone final return for jump predecessors
- Restrict late jump threading pass to unconditional jumps only
- Skip exception blocks in inline/reorder passes
- Simplify threaded_jump_instr NoInterrupt handling
2026-04-12 22:43:35 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 501ff88aed Improve codegen bytecode parity (#7541)
- Add CFG block splitting, jump threading, backward jump normalization
- Add genexpr StopIteration wrapper
- Add ConstantData::Slice and constant slice folding
- Add duplicate_exits_without_lineno and Block: Clone
- Add builtin(genexpr) optimization for tuple/list/set/all/any
- Add compile_try_except_no_finally for try-except without finally
- Add module_name_declared_global_in_nested_scope
- Add constant tuple folding in try_fold_constant_expr
- Add fstring literal-only optimization and empty literal elision
- Fix duplicate_exits_without_lineno: splice new blocks into linked list
2026-03-31 15:45:18 +09:00
Shahar Naveh dbf64f873f Remove oparg builders (#7537) 2026-03-30 18:53:13 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 6f98ae3f79 Bytecode parity (#7535)
* Add CFG block splitting, jump threading, backward jump normalization, genexpr StopIteration wrapper

- split_blocks_at_jumps: split blocks at branch points so each has one exit
- jump_threading: thread jumps through single-jump blocks (flowgraph.c jump_thread)
- Backward conditional jump normalization: invert and create NOT_TAKEN+JUMP block
- Follow empty blocks in jump-to-return optimization (next_nonempty_block)
- Add PEP 479 StopIteration handler to compile_comprehension for generators

* Add ConstantData::Slice and constant slice folding

- Add Slice variant to ConstantData and BorrowedConstant
- Fold constant slices (x[:3], x[1:4]) into LOAD_CONST(slice(...))
- Marshal serialization/deserialization for Slice type
- Box::leak in borrow_obj_constant for PySlice roundtrip

* Add ConstantData::Frozenset variant (type only, folding deferred)

Add Frozenset to ConstantData, BorrowedConstant, and marshal support.
Actual frozenset folding (BUILD_SET + CONTAINS_OP → LOAD_CONST frozenset)
requires VirtualMachine for element hashing and is deferred.

* Add duplicate_exits_without_lineno (disabled) and Block: Clone

Prepare infrastructure for exit block duplication optimization.
Currently disabled pending stackdepth integration.
2026-03-30 12:52:04 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon cbdc7bb587 Compiler parity: docstring dedent, StopIteration wrapper, constant folding (#7530) 2026-03-29 22:36:20 +09:00