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78 Commits
Author SHA1 Message Date
Jeong, YunWon a78d0eb577 Fix crashes found hunting the last open fuzzing record (#8524)
* specialize: check the member descriptor's type before caching its slot offset

The LOAD_ATTR/STORE_ATTR specializations cached the slot offset of any member
descriptor found on the owner's type and then guarded the specialized
instruction on the type version alone, while descr_get()/descr_set() check on
every access that the instance belongs to the type the descriptor was defined
for. A descriptor taken from a wider class and bound to a narrower one read
past the instance's slot array once the cache warmed up:

    class Big:
        __slots__ = ("a0", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "a5", "a6", "a7")
    class Narrow:
        __slots__ = ("z",)
    Narrow.x = Big.__dict__["a7"]
    o = Narrow()
    for _ in range(1000):
        try: o.x
        except TypeError: pass
    # index out of bounds: the len is 1 but the index is 7 (object/core.rs)

A class with no slots at all reached the ext_ref().unwrap() on the same line.

Assisted-by: Claude

* socket: reserve recv()'s buffer fallibly

recv() and recvfrom() handed the caller's bufsize straight to
Vec::with_capacity, so an unreachable size aborted the process through
handle_alloc_error before any syscall was made:

    socket.socket().recv(2**62)
    # memory allocation of 4611686018427387904 bytes failed -> SIGABRT

try_reserve_exact reports MemoryError instead, which is what CPython raises.

Assisted-by: Claude

* types: count the __call__ and __get__ slot dispatches as recursion

Both wrappers re-enter Python without pushing a frame, so nothing counted the
nesting when the special method named the object it was looked up on:

    class C: pass
    c = C(); C.__call__ = c
    c()                                    # native stack overflow, SIGSEGV

    class D: pass
    d = D(); D.__get__ = d; D.x = d
    d.x                                    # the same, through descr_get

with_recursion around the two dispatches raises RecursionError instead, the
way Py_EnterRecursiveCall bounds a tp_call dispatch. It costs about 5% on a
__call__ dispatch and 3% on a __get__ dispatch through these wrappers.

Assisted-by: Claude

* typevar: show a ParamSpecArgs origin by its repr

ParamSpecArgs and ParamSpecKwargs fell back to a Rust `{:?}` of __origin__ when
it had no __name__. That walks the object graph natively through Debug for
PyInner, where no recursion guard sits, so a single repr() of a deeply nested
chain overflowed the native stack:

    a = object()
    for _ in range(30000):
        a = typing.ParamSpecArgs(a)
    repr(a)                                # SIGSEGV

The origin is formatted with its repr now, which is guarded, and a ParamSpec
origin is recognized by its type rather than by carrying a __name__.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Do not hold a lock across a call back into Python

Three places kept a lock while running code that can reach the same object, so
a callback that touched it wedged the process:

    _asyncio.future_add_to_awaited_by(fut, waiter)   # waiter.__hash__ adds again
    select.select(elements, [], [], 0)               # fileno() clears `elements`
    select.poll().poll(1000)                         # SIGALRM handler registers

The future's awaited-by field is read and written under its lock but the set is
built outside it, the list extraction re-reads the list on each step the way
map_iterable_object() does, and poll() waits on a copy of its descriptors. All
three ran forever before and now finish the way they do on CPython.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Validate memoryview.cast() arguments and export negative strides correctly

cast() accepted any struct format and any shape element. A zero-size
format ('0s') and a 0 in the shape both reached a division by zero;
cast() now takes only a native single character format, optionally
'@'-prefixed, and shape elements that are ints greater than zero.

A view with a negative stride starts at its last item, so the bytes it
exported began there and its own offsets walked off the front of them.
Such a view now exports the whole underlying buffer with `start` folded
into the descriptor's offsets, and zip_eq() hands over a whole run only
when both sides are contiguous in the last dimension.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Charge native recursion to the stack, not to the frame limit

with_recursion() checked the limit sys.setrecursionlimit() sets and
incremented the same counter that pushing a frame does, so a guard on a
native dispatch spent what Python code had left to call with, and did so
where sys._getframe() cannot see it: test.support.get_recursion_available()
reported frames that were no longer there. Py_EnterRecursiveCall bounds
the native stack instead, which is a separate budget, and the C stack
check with_recursion already performs is that bound.

The snippets pinning the guarded paths nest deep enough to reach the
stack rather than the frame limit.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Report a size that cannot be allocated instead of aborting on it

A size taken from Python went straight into an infallible allocation in
several places, so the process aborted through handle_alloc_error before
any exception could be raised:

- str/bytes/bytearray center(), ljust(), rjust() and zfill() reserved
  the padded result for the caller's width
- expandtabs() built its runs of spaces from a tabsize of any width;
  the argument is a C int, and a wider one does not fit
- Buffered{Reader,Writer,Random} allocated buffer_size, and read(),
  read1() and FileIO.read() their read size
- bytes(n) and bytearray(n) allocated n
- pbkdf2_hmac() allocated the derived key length, which is a C int

Each of these now reports MemoryError, or OverflowError where the
argument does not fit the type it is declared with.

new_zeroed_bytes() leaves the zeroing to the allocator, so a large
request costs the pages that are written to rather than all of them.

Assisted-by: Claude

* marshal: answer allow_code where a code object is written or read

allow_code was answered by walking the whole result a second time, with
no depth counter and no record of what it had already seen, so a value
that referred back to itself or nested deeply enough ran off the native
stack. w_object() and r_object() answer it where the code object is,
inside the walk that already bounds its depth and resolves references.

A container length is read the way r_long() reads one: it is signed, so
a length with the top bit set is out of range rather than four billion
items to reserve room for.

load() no longer holds a borrow of the buffer read() returned across the
seek() it makes afterwards.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Do not lock an object while running code that can reach it

Several places held a lock or a borrow of an object across a call back
into Python, so a callback that touched the same object waited on a lock
its own caller was holding:

- memoryview slice assignment read a source overlapping the destination,
  and __setitem__ converted the value while holding the write borrow
- BytesIO.readinto() read into a buffer viewing the same BytesIO
- array.__setitem__ converted the value under the array's write lock,
  and mmap.write() read a source viewing the same map
- bytearray.join() and bytearray.__mod__ drove Python with the
  bytearray borrowed
- array and bytearray answered "is this resizable" after taking the
  write lock, though an export is exactly a borrow someone else holds

A TextIOWrapper cookie now has to name a position inside what was
decoded in characters as well as in bytes; only the byte offset was
checked, and the character count is what read() and tell() index with.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Stop asserting a pbkdf2 message that depends on the width of a C long

The snippet asserted "key length is too great.", which pbkdf2_hmac()
only reaches once the length has been converted; where a C long is
narrower than the length asked for, the conversion fails first and says
so instead. Both are OverflowError, which is what the case is about.

test_support.test_get_recursion_depth passes now that a native recursion
guard no longer spends frames get_recursion_depth() cannot see.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Publish and read the same pointer for a thread's top frame

set_current_frame() casts the `Py<FrameObject>` it publishes straight to
`*mut FrameObject`, so ThreadSlot::top_frame holds the object's base.
sys._current_frames() read it back through Py::from_payload_ptr(), which
subtracts the payload offset from what it is given. The reference it took
therefore incremented, and later decremented, a word 48 bytes ahead of
the frame -- inside the object allocated before it, whose OnceLock state
word sits exactly there for two frames adjacent in the size class. The
neighbour then read an initialized-looking cold pointer that had never
been written and locked whatever the uninitialized word addressed, so
the thread that owned it crashed rather than the one that read.

The slot now holds `*mut Py<FrameObject>`, which is what both sides mean.

A thread parked in a call has no FrameObject for its topmost frame, so
top_frame is null there and the reader takes the materialize path
instead: test_sys.test_current_frames never reaches the branch. The
snippet takes _current_frames() against threads that are running.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Decide stop-the-world parking under the thread registry lock

do_suspend() published SUSPENDED first and only then re-read `requested`,
restoring itself to ATTACHED if the stop had ended in the meantime. That
made a thread the second writer able to leave SUSPENDED, so a stop whose
completion check had already observed the thread parked could be undone
behind the requester's back:

  worker    CAS ATTACHED -> SUSPENDED
  requester all_non_requester_suspended() -> true, world_stopped = true
  requester start_the_world(): requested = false, then walks the registry
  worker    reads requested == false, stores ATTACHED

With the store landing inside that walk the debug assertion in
start_the_world fires; with the walk already past the slot, a following
stop force-parks the thread DETACHED -> SUSPENDED, counts it as stopped,
and the store then puts it back to ATTACHED with the world declared
stopped and the thread running bytecode.

`requested` is set in init_thread_countdown() and cleared in
start_the_world() with the registry held, and start_the_world() keeps
holding it while releasing every SUSPENDED thread. Taking the registry
around the check and the transition therefore makes the two orders the
only ones possible: park before that release pass and be woken by it, or
find the request already withdrawn and stay ATTACHED. The requester is
left as the only writer that takes a thread out of SUSPENDED, and the
self-restore is gone.

suspend_if_needed() takes the VirtualMachine to reach the registry.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Keep an atexit callback alive while it is being compared

atexit.unregister() releases the callback list around each __eq__ call and
identified the entry it had compared by the address of its Box. __eq__ can
call atexit._clear(), which drops that Box, and atexit.register(), whose
new Box lands on the freed allocation; the identity search then matched
the freshly registered callback and removed it.

  atexit.register(a); atexit.register(b); atexit.register(c)
  # __eq__ runs _clear() then register(d), returns True
  atexit.unregister(probe)

left no callbacks registered where CPython leaves d.

Entries are Arc-shared now, so unregister() holds the one it is comparing
and matches it with Arc::ptr_eq: an address cannot be reused while the
comparison that named it is still running.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Hold atexit entries in PyRc rather than Arc

PyObjectRef is Send and Sync only under the threading feature, so an Arc
over a callback entry trips clippy::arc_with_non_send_sync in builds
without it, such as the wasm package. PyRc is Arc there and Rc otherwise.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Do not hold a buffer's storage while waiting for a peer

FileIO.readinto() and socket.recv_into()/recvfrom_into() took the target
buffer's write borrow and kept it for the whole call, including the wait
for data a pipe, socket or terminal may never deliver. What CPython holds
across that wait is the export, which only forbids resizing; the borrow is
a lock every other thread touching the same object waits on, so

    threading.Thread(target=lambda: sock.recv_into(buf)).start()
    len(buf)

did not answer until the peer sent. A thread parked on that lock is
ATTACHED and never reaches a safepoint, so gc.collect() in a third thread
waited for the peer as well: one incidental read of the buffer stopped the
world from being stopped at all.

The wait now runs against storage of its own and the bytes are copied over
once they arrive, with the export held throughout so the target still
cannot be resized meanwhile. A seekable file answers from itself rather
than from a peer, so FileIO.readinto() writes into the target directly
there and the buffered read path is unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Do not hold a buffer's storage while waiting to hand it over

socket.send()/sendall()/sendto()/sendmsg() and FileIO.write() kept the
source buffer's read borrow for the whole call, including the wait for a
peer that may never make room. That borrow is a lock every other thread
writing to the same object waits on, so

    threading.Thread(target=lambda: sock.sendall(buf)).start()
    buf[0] = 1

did not return until the peer read; and a thread parked there is ATTACHED
and never reaches a safepoint, so gc.collect() in a third thread waited
for the peer too -- the same wedge readinto() had on the receiving side.

ArgBytesLike::borrow_buf_unlocked() answers with bytes that survive the
borrow being dropped. An immutable object hands out a plain reference and
locks nothing, so those are sent where they lie and bytes and memoryviews
over them cost nothing; only bytes reached through a lock are copied out
first. The export is held throughout either way, so the source still
cannot be resized while it is being sent.

The regression snippet covers both directions now and is renamed for it.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Check select()'s descriptor limit while the sequence is walked

seq2set() collected the whole sequence and compared the result's length
against FD_SETSIZE afterwards. Selectable::try_from_object() calls
fileno(), which runs Python and can append to the list being walked, and
the walk re-reads the list on every step, so the collection had no end to
reach and the comparison was never made. seq2set in Modules/selectmodule.c
checks the count per element instead.

stdlib_select.py gains a fileno() that appends to its own list, and
releases its sockets with close() rather than by dropping the name.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Bound native recursion where the C stack cannot be measured

check_c_stack_overflow() answers no unconditionally under miri and on
musl, where the stack pointer is not read. Since 9c9905aff that check is
all with_recursion() does, so every guard placed on native recursion --
__call__ and __get__ dispatch among them -- was a no-op on those targets
and the nesting ran until the stack ran out.

with_recursion() now counts its own depth on those targets and refuses
past NATIVE_RECURSION_LIMIT_UNMEASURED. The count is separate from the
frame limit sys.setrecursionlimit() sets, and compiles away where the
stack pointer can be read.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Report the failure to allocate pbkdf2's key and Take.readinto's scratch

Both buffers are sized from an argument -- pbkdf2_hmac's dklen accepts up
to i32::MAX, and readinto's from the length of the destination -- and were
built with vec![0u8; n], which aborts the process on allocation failure.
new_zeroed_bytes() raises MemoryError instead.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Read the frozen-code tuple length as a signed length

The '(' branches in read_marshal_str_vec() and read_marshal_const_tuple()
took the length with read_u32() as usize, so a value with the top bit set
read as four billion items rather than as out of range. read_len() is what
every other length in this file goes through, and it reinterprets as i32.

Both readers serve deserialize_code(), which reads only the frozen modules
baked in at build time, so this changes no reachable behavior;
marshal.loads() already went through read_len().

Assisted-by: Claude

* Make the snippets from the fuzzer sweep assert what they check

builtin_str.py expanded a tab to 2**31-1 columns, allocating 2 GiB to
observe that the width is accepted; a string with no tab observes the same
acceptance without laying anything out.

stdlib_array.py caught the refusal of frombytes() on its own exported
buffer and passed silently when nothing was raised. stdlib_hashlib.py
used a bare `assert False` as its failure branch. Both now say so through
the same shapes the other snippets use.

stdlib_socket.py also accepts OverflowError from recv() with a size that
does not fit the platform's C int.

stdlib_threading_current_frames.py indexed the frame chain for "f123"
without first asserting it is there.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Ask for a marshal container's room instead of assuming it

A flagged tuple or list is published in the reference table before its
children are read, and the placeholder was built with vec![none; len].
The length is the input's to choose and read_len() lets it reach
i32::MAX, so marshal.loads(b"\xa8\xff\xff\xff\x7f") -- five bytes -- asks
for 17 GB of element slots and aborts the process where the allocator
cannot serve it. r_object() allocates the container up front too, but
PyTuple_New() reports what it cannot get.

The elements are now reserved with try_reserve_exact() and a refusal is
raised as MemoryError through the decoder's pending-error channel.
PyTuple::new_marshal_placeholder() held nothing but that allocation and
is gone; the caller builds the elements and uses new_ref().

Assisted-by: Claude

* Compare the blocking-buffer snippet against something

measure() asserted len(buf) == len(buf), which holds whatever the length
is; it now takes the length the caller expects. The pipe case compared
the drained total against the whole source, while an unbuffered write()
reports only what it transferred and a signal can cut that short; it now
compares against what write() returned.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Refuse array.frombytes() a source whose items are not bytes

frombytes() reads its argument as bytes, but accepted any contiguous
buffer, so array("i").frombytes(memoryview(array("d", [1.0]))) appended a
double's bytes read as ints instead of raising. array_array_frombytes_impl
requires an itemsize of 1; ArgBytesLike now reports the itemsize so the
same check can be made here.

The BufferError that a resize meets while the array is exported also names
the array rather than repeating bytearray's wording.

stdlib_array.py's frombytes-of-itself case used typecode "i", where the
new check answers before the resize guard is reached; it uses "b" so the
guard is what refuses, and asserts the wider case separately.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Tell apart the ways marshal data can be bad

A type byte no reader knows, a back reference that names nothing, and
TYPE_NULL all came out as a bare "bad marshal data" ValueError. r_object()
answers the first two with "bad marshal data (unknown type code)" and
"bad marshal data (invalid reference)", and read_object() answers the
third with a TypeError, "NULL object in marshal data for object", since
TYPE_NULL stands for no object rather than for a value.

MarshalError gains the three cases and deserialize_value() maps them.
The container-specific wording r_object() uses for a NULL read inside a
tuple or list is not reproduced; the exception type is.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Hash the collector's tables by address rather than by SipHash

A collection keys three sets and two maps by object address, and it visits
every tracked object and every edge between them, so the hashing is a
per-edge cost. Those tables used the default RandomState, whose SipHash
buys resistance against a caller choosing colliding keys -- and nothing
chooses these keys: they are addresses this process handed out into tables
that live and die inside one collection. A profile of gc.collect() over a
423k-object heap spent 45% of its samples in SipHash.

They now hash with a splitmix64 finalizer. The shifts matter: a table
picks its bucket from the low bits and an address arrives with those bits
zeroed by alignment, so a plain multiply leaves every object in a handful
of buckets and is slower than SipHash was.

The reachability walk also copied each object's referent vector out of the
map it was cached in, a second pass over every edge; it reads them in
place, and reference subtraction hands its vector to the map instead of
cloning it.

Measured over 423k live objects: 0.93s to 0.15s. Over 843k dead ones:
3.00s to 0.79s. extra_tests/snippets/stdlib_threading_gc_import.py, whose
collector thread calls gc.collect() in a loop, ran anywhere from 2.7s to
28s and now runs in 3.1-3.5s: a collection that takes longer leaves more
garbage for the next one to walk, so the cost fed back on itself.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* Keep the collection's candidates and their counts in one table

A collection built a set of candidates and, beside it, a map from the same
addresses to their reference counts. Both were probed for every edge in
the heap -- membership from the set, the count from the map -- so each
edge paid to hash the same address twice, and each candidate paid to be
inserted twice. The map alone answers both questions.

The candidates also keep a walkable order now, which the reference
subtraction pass needs since it writes the counts while reading the
candidates, and which the unreachable set is built from instead of a
set difference.

Over the 423k-object heap measured in the previous commit: 0.15s to
0.13s live, and 0.79s to 0.49s dead.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* gc: collect referents into one buffer instead of a vector per object

Step 3 allocated a `Vec` for every tracked object to hold its referents
and kept them all in a map until step 4 read them back. The referents now
go into a single growing buffer, with the map holding each object's range
into it.

Adds `PyObject::gc_extend_referent_ptrs`, which appends to a caller's
buffer; `gc_get_referent_ptrs` calls it with a fresh one.

Assisted-by: Claude

* memoryview and struct: match the checks and errors of the reference

memoryview:
- `cast()` accepted a source and destination that are both item types,
  which reinterprets the items rather than re-dividing the bytes; one side
  now has to be a byte format.
- A cast to `shape=()` returned without checking that the buffer holds
  exactly the one item that shape describes.
- `hash()` hashes the bytes, so it now raises ValueError for a view whose
  items are not bytes, rather than returning a hash that disagrees with the
  value the view compares equal to.
- `tobytes()` takes the `order` argument, with 'F' walking a
  multidimensional view down its columns; `BufferDescriptor` gained
  `for_each_segment_fortran` for that walk.

struct:
- A value the format has no room for reported "argument out of range"
  instead of naming the format and its range. The format character is now
  passed to the packing functions to report it.
- `Struct.__new__` no longer reads the format; `__init__` does, so
  `__init__` can be called again and a subclass can pass the format up.
  Methods raise RuntimeError until it has run, and `Struct` is a base type.

Removes the expectedFailure from test_Struct_reinitialization and
test_struct_subclass_instantiation.

Assisted-by: Claude
Assisted-by: Codex:GPT-5

* io: decide the readinto path by file type, not by seekability

FileIO.readinto wrote straight into the caller's buffer, holding its write
borrow, when the fd was seekable; otherwise it read aside into scratch and
copied. Seekability stood in for "this read answers without waiting on a
peer", which a pipe on Windows breaks: lseek on one succeeds, so the pipe
took the borrow-holding path and every other thread touching that bytearray
waited for the peer.

host_io::reads_without_waiting answers it directly -- seekability elsewhere,
GetFileType() == FILE_TYPE_DISK on Windows.

The regression snippet times each operation separately, so a failure names
the one that waited; it asserts the transfer is still in flight before
checking the export; and the socket case fills the connection until it
refuses rather than assuming a size that outruns it, which SO_SNDBUF on an
already-connected pair does not settle.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-08-17 00:33:27 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon a97e8f0746 str: take search bounds through the character index (#8530)
* str: count an empty needle in characters

str.count with an empty needle ran find_iter over the range's bytes, which
reports one position per encoded byte boundary rather than one per
character: '가나다'.count('') answered 10 instead of 4. Count the range's
code points instead; bytes.count keeps the byte-position answer.

Assisted-by: Claude

* str: take search bounds through the character index

find, rfind, index, rindex, count, startswith and endswith resolved their
start/stop bounds with AnyStr::get_chars, which walks the payload to both
bounds, and find reported its hit by counting the code points in front of
it -- so a sweep over a subject's own indices walked it once per call.
Resolve the bounds with StrData::char_range_to_bytes instead, which is the
converter the subscript and slice paths already use, and map the hit back
with Wtf8Index::char_index_at_byte, added here as the table's inverse: a
bracketed search over the groups, then at most an entry's worth of steps.

The payload alone does not say whether it is ASCII, so get_chars walked
there too; that path is now off it as well.

n=8000, sweeping the bound over the subject, best of 3, interleaved:

                     '가나다라'*n/4            'abcd'*n/4
    find          18.00ms ->  0.15ms      3.48ms -> 0.14ms
    startswith    16.75ms ->  0.12ms
    count         22.78ms ->  4.02ms

count stays linear in the range it is given, as it is in CPython.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-08-15 17:23:37 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 9616b28d3d str: resolve subscripts and slices through the code point index (#8526)
`nth_char` and the four `SliceableSequenceOp` methods each walked the buffer
to reach a character index, so `s[i]` and `s[a:b]` on a non-ASCII string were
O(i) and O(b), and a loop over either was quadratic. They now resolve through
`char_index_to_byte`, which is what the index table was added for: a plain
slice becomes a byte reslice, and a stepped slice one lookup per collected
character.

An index within four code points of an end is still walked to, and so is a
slice that reaches within four of both. PyPy draws the same line with
`MAX_UNROLL_NEXT_CODEPOINT_POS`, in a guard that also asks the JIT whether the
index is a constant; there is no JIT here, but the reason to skip the build
survives it -- `s[0]` on a long string should not pay for a table.

The stepped slices took their character count from `(range.len() / step) + 1`,
which overshoots whenever the last step lands short: `"aéc"[::3]` reported a
length of 2 for a one-character string, and `reversed()` on it read past the
end of the buffer and panicked. The count is now the index iterator's own
length, so it cannot drift from the characters actually collected.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-08-15 01:03:09 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 4a8c613b04 _sre: drive a non-ASCII str subject through a character index on the string (#8522)
* common: index a WTF-8 buffer's code points for random access

`Wtf8`'s iterators are sequential, so resolving a code point index through
them is O(n) and code that indexes the same string repeatedly walks it once
per index. `Wtf8Index` is a side table -- one 24-byte group per 64 code
points, 0.375 bytes per code point -- that answers the same question in
constant time; the layout is PyPy's `UTF8_INDEX_STORAGE`.

`StrData` builds one on the first call to the new `char_index_to_byte`, in a
slot published by compare-exchange, and drops it with the string. ASCII
strings answer from the index itself and never build a table. A clone gets an
empty slot, since it indexes its own copy of the buffer.

Assisted-by: Claude

* _sre: drive a non-ASCII str subject through the string's character index

The `&Wtf8` drive answers `count` and `create_cursor` by decoding from the
start of the subject, so a scan that restarts at successive positions walks
the subject once per position, and `slice` walks it again per extracted
group. `Utf8Str` holds the `PyStr` and asks it instead: `count` is the cached
character length, and `create_cursor` and `slice` resolve their positions
through `char_index_to_byte`. Stepping is the `&Wtf8` drive's, unchanged.

The table lives on the string, so a `Match` that outlives the scan shares it
-- `group` has no cursor of its own to move relative to.

`SreStr for &Wtf8` has no callers left; the `StrDrive` impl stays, since
`Utf8Str` steps through it. The three subject helpers now share one downcast.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-08-14 23:33:58 +09:00
Seonghun An 33d98d122e Implement negative zero coercion format option (#8475)
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5
2026-08-09 14:58:07 +09:00
Seonghun An c258bad623 Fix complex zero-padding error priority (#8453)
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5
2026-08-05 02:13:43 +09:00
Joshua Megnauth 33eb99af44 Fix some clippy lints for 1.99 (#8412) 2026-07-30 22:11:31 +09:00
Seonghun An 7c6e7dc29e Fix zero padding for string format specs (#8407)
* Fix zero padding for string format specs

Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5

* Add string alignment format regression test

Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5
2026-07-29 20:27:59 +09:00
OkJaandClaude Opus 5 6b554d96c7 Implement fractional grouping in format specs (#8373)
Support the CPython 3.13+ format spec syntax that puts a grouping option
after the precision, so `format(1234.56789, '.6,f')` gives
'1234.567,890'. The integer and fractional parts group independently and
may use different separators (`,.6_f` -> '1,234.567_890'), so the spec
carries a separate `frac_grouping_option`.

`parse_precision` now consumes the separator that follows the precision
digits and rejects a `,`/`_` mix. A repeated separator is deliberately
left in the spec so the trailing-text check reports it, which is how
CPython arrives at a different message there. A dot followed by neither
digits nor a separator now raises "Format specifier missing precision"
rather than an unrelated error.

Fraction digits group away from the decimal point, so the last group may
be short, and any exponent or percent tail is left intact. The
separators count toward the field width, so zero padding of the integer
part reserves room for them.

'n' takes its separators from the locale and so cannot carry one. The
complex locale path rewrites 'n' to 'g' before delegating, so it has to
validate first; that also makes `format(1+2j, ',n')` fail as it does in
CPython, which it previously did not.

Reference (CPython 3.14), Python/formatter_unicode.c:
- parsing: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.14/Python/formatter_unicode.c#L257-L299
- 'n' rejection: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.14/Python/formatter_unicode.c#L361-L367
- number split: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.14/Python/formatter_unicode.c#L488-L516
- zero-pad width: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.14/Python/formatter_unicode.c#L604-L606

Remove `@unittest.expectedFailure` from tests that now pass
(2 in test_format, 1 in test_float).

Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-26 14:31:34 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 210ccc889c Thread-safe type operations: type lock, QSBR type-cache reclamation, GC stop-the-world, and interpreter optimizations (#7416)
* type lock

* Drop old PyObjectRef outside type lock to prevent deadlock

Dropping values inside with_type_lock can trigger weakref callbacks,
which may access attributes (LOAD_ATTR specialization) and re-acquire
the non-reentrant type mutex, causing deadlock.

Return old values from lock closures so they drop after lock release.

* Align type lock behavior with CPython

* Add PUBLISHED flag bit to RefCount state word

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add QSBR module for deferred memory reclamation

Assisted-by: Claude

* Defer memory free of cache-published objects via QSBR

Assisted-by: Claude

* Wire QSBR checkpoints into thread lifecycle and eval breaker

Assisted-by: Claude

* Publish type-cache values to QSBR and bypass cache without a VM

Mark cached type-method values as QSBR-published before storing their
pointer in TYPE_CACHE, so racing readers never try-incref freed memory.
Debug-assert that the current thread is ATTACHED whenever a lock-free
cache read happens.

Delete find_name_in_mro_without_vm and its unsound direct SeqLock read
outside any VM/thread registration; find_name_in_mro now falls back to
the locked, uncached MRO walk when no VM is current. This also removes
assign_version_tag()'s last caller, so its unlocked fallback is deleted
along with it (version_for_specialization keeps the locked path).

VirtualMachine::initialize() runs Python bytecode (e.g. importing
codecs/encodings) before any enter_vm scope exists, which left the
bootstrap thread not ATTACHED for cache reads during startup. Add
thread::VmBootstrapGuard, an RAII counterpart to enter_vm usable across
statements that need &mut VirtualMachine, and wrap initialize() with it.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use try-incref reads and QSBR-backed swaps in specialization cache

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reset QSBR thread registry after fork in the child

Add Qsbr::reset_after_fork, which clears the registered thread slots
before draining the retire queue. Call it in py_os_after_fork_child,
right after type_cache_after_fork() and before
_thread::after_fork_child() re-registers the surviving thread.

Dead parent threads' Arc<QsbrSlot> handles live on in the child's
copied memory with no destructor ever running, so without this the
registry keeps them 'online' forever and future grace periods never
complete.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add threaded stress test for type cache mutation races

Assisted-by: Claude

* Restrict qsbr internals to pub(crate) and fix clippy lints

Downgrade pub items in the private qsbr::threading module (QsbrSlot,
Qsbr, QSBR, and its methods) to pub(crate), since they were never
reachable outside the crate. Downgrade ThreadSlot::qsbr accordingly to
avoid a private-interfaces warning. Import Arc/Weak from alloc instead
of std to match clippy::std_instead_of_alloc. Rewrite the process()
comment: goals are not strictly ordered by push order since advance()
and the queue push aren't atomic together, so concurrent free_delayed
calls can interleave; the drained prefix stays sound because each item
individually passed poll, with reordering only affecting reclamation
latency.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gate per-instruction QSBR check behind a global pending flag

eval_breaker_tripped() and check_signals() called
thread::qsbr_break_requested() on every bytecode instruction, which
does a thread-local lookup, RefCell borrow, and atomic load even when
no QSBR retirement is pending. This caused a measured 10-18% slowdown
on tight interpreter loops.

Add Qsbr::pending, a global AtomicBool set under the queue lock while
free_delayed() holds a retired allocation, and cleared under the same
lock by process()/drain_all() once the queue empties. The hot path now
checks Qsbr::break_pending() (a single relaxed static load) before
touching thread-local state, and only pays the TLS cost while a
retirement is actually in flight.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Merge signal and QSBR eval-breaker flags into one atomic word

Replace the separate ANY_TRIGGERED AtomicBool and QSBR pending
AtomicBool checks in the per-instruction eval-breaker path with a
single AtomicU8 (EVAL_BREAKER) holding a bit per source. The global
QSBR instance mirrors its pending state into the QSBR bit under the
same queue-lock critical sections that already toggle pending, while
local QSBR instances used by unit tests are left untouched.

eval_breaker_tripped() and check_signals() now read/act on the merged
word (eval_breaker_pending(), qsbr_bit_set()) instead of issuing two
separate atomic loads per instruction. set_triggered() switches from
store to fetch_or so a signal handler never clobbers the QSBR bit.

Removed the now-unreferenced is_triggered() helper; break_pending()
is kept for unit tests only and marked allow(dead_code) outside test
builds.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip freelist reuse for published objects in default_dealloc

Freelist-eligible payloads (tuple, int, list, dict, float, ...) were
routed to T::freelist_push before ever reaching PyInner::dealloc, so a
published object (e.g. a tuple cached as a type attribute) bypassed the
is_published -> free_delayed QSBR hook entirely. That let PyRef::new_ref
reuse the slot and rewrite the refcount word with a non-atomic
core::ptr::write racing a reader's atomic try-incref, and let
FreeList::drop call alloc::dealloc directly while a reader could still
be mid-read.

Gate the freelist branch in default_dealloc on
RefCount::is_published(), checked before any teardown. A published
object now always falls through to PyInner::dealloc, whose existing
hook defers the memory free via QSBR.

Document the non-unix (e.g. Windows) reclamation-latency limitation in
the QSBR design doc's Lifecycle integration section (previously only
noted in a code comment in vm/thread.rs).

Extend the type-cache stress test so the mutator also churns a
freelist-eligible published tuple class attribute (C.shape), read by
readers each inner loop and deleted on the same cadence as C.m, to
exercise the fixed bypass.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use itoa for PyInt::to_str_radix_10 i64 fast path

Format small integers with itoa::Buffer instead of i64::to_string()
in PyInt::to_str_radix_10(), which backs both str(int)/repr(int) for
exact int and PyObject::str()'s exact-int fast path. Adds the itoa
crate as a workspace dependency.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Make object attribute dunders wrapper descriptors

Remove the __getattribute__, __setattr__ and __delattr__ #[pymethod]s
from PyBaseObject so add_operators installs PyWrapper slot wrappers for
them from the #[pyslot] functions instead of method descriptors.

lookup_slot_in_mro now classifies these entries as NativeSlot, so heap
types without Python-level overrides keep the native getattro/setattro
slot functions, which lets LOAD_ATTR/STORE_ATTR specialization apply to
instances of Python-defined classes.

Since __setattr__ and __delattr__ share the setattro slot, resolve both
names together in update_one_slot: overriding only one of them no longer
lets the other name's native resolution overwrite the dispatching
wrapper.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Resolve TpSetattro pair on attribute deletion, not just addition

update_one_slot's TpSetattro branch only ran the combined
__setattr__/__delattr__ resolution (added in the previous commit) when
ADD was true. On deletion (e.g. del C.__setattr__), it fell back to
inherit_from_mro, which copies the base class's slot and discards the
class's own remaining Python-level override of the other name.

lookup_slot_in_mro reads the current attribute dicts, so the same
resolution is correct for both addition and deletion; the ADD-only
guard is removed and the logic now always runs.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Generate Opcode::cache_entries/deopt as table lookups

generate_rs_opcode_metadata.py now emits a 256-entry const array for
each function instead of a chained match over opcode names.
Opcode::deopt() indexes an [Option<Opcode>; 256] table built from the
existing specialization-to-base mapping, and Opcode::cache_entries()
indexes a [u8; 256] table that bakes in the same deopt/to_base
composition deoptimize() previously performed before its own match.
Regenerated opcode_metadata.rs from the updated script; PseudoOpcode's
bodies are unchanged since it has no cache/deopt entries to table.

Added an exhaustive test in instruction.rs that checks every valid u8
opcode against a frozen copy of the old chained-match bodies.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Make Opcode/Instruction numeric conversions O(1)

Opcode::as_numeric, Opcode::as_instruction and Instruction::as_opcode
were each a per-variant match over ~230 arms in the define_opcodes!
macro. Opcode now carries the same explicit $op_id discriminants and
#[repr($typ)] as Instruction, which makes the conversions sound as:

- Opcode::as_numeric: a plain `self as $typ` identity cast.
- Opcode::as_instruction / Instruction::as_opcode: a mem::transmute,
  relying on both enums sharing one-$typ-wide layout (Instruction's
  payload fields are all the zero-sized Arg<T> marker, checked by a
  new per-instantiation size_of assertion).

try_from_numeric is left as a match: $op_id values have gaps
(specialized/instrumented opcode ranges), so a range check can't
replace it.

Adds #[inline] to the rewritten conversions plus deoptimize, and to
the small generated wrapper/table-lookup functions from the previous
opcode-metadata change (as_u8/as_u16, cache_entries, deopt, to_base)
via generate_rs_opcode_metadata.py, then regenerates
opcode_metadata.rs.

Extends the instruction.rs equivalence-test pattern with two
exhaustive tests (u8 and u16 instantiations) checking the new
identity-cast/transmute conversions against the untouched
try_from_numeric/TryFrom paths.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Pop CallIsinstance arguments directly instead of collecting into Vecs

The specialized handler built two heap-allocated Vecs per call
(pop_multiple().collect() plus a with_capacity(2) buffer) before
invoking is_instance. Pop the class and instance straight off the
stack for the effective two-argument case, removing the per-call
allocations.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Inherit tp_new instead of always installing new_wrapper

update_one_slot's TpNew branch stored new_wrapper for every ADD, so all
heap types had slots.new == new_wrapper and the CallAllocAndEnterInit
specialization never fired. Now __new__ is resolved through the MRO
dicts: an own or Python-level definition installs new_wrapper, while a
builtin __new__ entry (or none) inherits slots.new from the solid base.

The now-reachable CallAllocAndEnterInit path gains the missing guards:
the specializer requires co_argcount == oparg + 1 (via
can_specialize_call) and rejects generator-like __init__, and the
handler re-checks the argcount against the class-level init cache.
Without the argcount check, __init__ defaults broke re._parser
(UnboundLocalError in SubPattern.__init__). Remove the now-unused
is_simple_for_call_specialization.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip locals dict allocation for the init-cleanup shim frame

Mark the shim code object NEWLOCALS and create the shim frame with no
locals mapping so FrameLocals::lazy() is used. The shim only executes
ExitInitCheck/ReturnValue and never touches locals, so this removes one
dict allocation per specialized instantiation.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Guard CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT with cached function version

The init specialization cache stored only the type version, so swapping
__init__.__code__ (which zeroes func_version) did not deopt the warmed
call site and stale code assumptions (argcount shape, no varargs/kwonly,
not a generator) were applied to the new code object.

Store get_version_for_current_state() in the specialization cache when
caching __init__ and re-check func_version() in the handler before using
the cached function, deopting to the generic call path on mismatch, the
same way the getitem specialization cache does.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply rustfmt and ruff-format fixes to files from earlier commits

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add frame object freelist

Frame.iframe becomes FrameUnsafeCell<Option<InterpreterFrame>> so a dead
frame can be left as an empty husk. Traverse::clear extracts all owned
child references (including localsplus values via LocalsPlus::clear_into)
and empties the cell. Dead frame allocations are cached in a thread-local
FreeList<Frame> (up to 200 entries) and reused by PyRef::new_ref.

clear_generator returns early when the frame was already cleared by cycle
collection; generator drops can run after tp_clear of their frame.

gc: skip tp_clear for objects saved to gc.garbage by DEBUG_SAVEALL, since
they remain reachable from Python.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Drop frame children directly in tp_clear instead of extracting

Pushing the frame's ~10 child references into the clear buffer grew a
Vec on every frame deallocation. Take the interpreter frame out of the
cell and drop it in place; LocalsPlus::clear_into is removed.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Untrack objects before tp_clear and guard cross-thread f_locals

The cycle collector called tp_clear on unreachable objects while they
were still linked into the GC generation lists, so another thread could
obtain a strong reference to an already-cleared object (e.g. a frame
husk with iframe == None) via gc.get_objects() and access the cleared
payload. Untrack the dead set before the clear phase, mirroring the
untrack-then-clear ordering of the refcount dealloc path.

Objects that gained an external reference before untracking are found
by comparing each object's strong count against the references coming
from within the dead set; such late-resurrected objects and everything
reachable from them are re-tracked and skipped, letting a later
collection retry once the external references are released.

Also reject f_locals access for a frame currently executing on another
thread. Reading fastlocals of such a frame races with the executing
thread overwriting the slots (torn reads of dropped values). Access
from the executing thread itself (locals(), trace callbacks) is still
allowed via the current-frame chain check.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip localsplus heap copy for uniquely referenced dying frames

release_datastack_frame now checks the frame's strong count after
untracking it from the GC generation lists. When the caller holds the
only reference, localsplus values are dropped in place and the data
stack storage is released without the heap copy; escaped frames
(traceback, sys._getframe, trace callbacks) keep the copy path.
The three inline materialize+pop call sites in function.rs are routed
through release_datastack_frame.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Stage exact-args call arguments in stack slot buffers

CallPyExactArgs, CallBoundMethodExactArgs and CallAllocAndEnterInit no
longer collect popped arguments into a per-call Vec (plus a second Vec
for self-prepending). Arguments are popped into a fixed-size
Option<PyObjectRef> slot buffer (CallArgBuffer, 8 inline slots, heap
fallback for larger arities) and moved into fastlocals via the new
invoke_exact_args_slots / a take() iterator.

- prepare_exact_args_frame now accepts an ExactSizeIterator of args
- specialization_run_init_cleanup_shim takes the slot buffer and fills
  slot 0 with new_obj, dropping one redundant clone
- LoadAttrGetattributeOverridden, LoadAttrProperty and
  BinaryOpSubscrGetitem pass inline slot arrays instead of vec![]

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reduce allocations in generic call paths

- FuncArgs::prepend_arg: use reserve instead of reserve_exact so
  exact-capacity vectors do not realloc on every prepend.
- IntoFuncArgs::into_method_args: build the final args vec once with
  capacity len + 1 instead of prepending into a full vector.
- PyType::call: skip cloning FuncArgs when no init slot can run after
  slot_new (no init slot, not `type`, and slot_new is not new_wrapper).

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip redundant exc_info restore on frame exit

with_frame_impl saves the current exc_info slot value and restores it
when the frame exits. When the slot still holds the same value, the
restore rewrites the slot and recomputes the thread-exception mirror
for no effect. Add restore_exception, which compares the slot against
the saved value by pointer identity and skips the store when they
match. The saved value is a strong reference held for the whole frame
scope, so the pointed-to object cannot be freed and its address reused
while the frame runs, making the pointer comparison free of ABA.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply rustfmt to gc_state.rs

Assisted-by: Claude

* Avoid empty FuncArgs clone in PyType::call

Cloning args for the init call clones the kwargs map even when args is
empty, which shows up in no-argument instantiation profiles. Prepare
the init-call args before slot_new: a default FuncArgs when args is
empty (indistinguishable from a clone of empty args), the existing
clone otherwise. The empty check also keeps the init-slot load of the
clone-elision path off the no-argument call path.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Push freelist husks only after tp_clear and child drops

default_dealloc pushed the object onto the thread-local freelist before
running clear_fn. Payloads that drop children inside clear (Frame) can
run __del__ there, and a reentrant allocation could pop the husk and
overwrite its payload while clear_fn still held a &mut borrow of it.
Tuples had the same window through the extracted-edges drop, which ran
after the push.

Reorder default_dealloc to clear, drop the extracted children, and only
then attempt the freelist push, so the husk becomes reusable only when
no borrows into the payload remain.

The tuple freelist bucketed husks by element count, which required
reading the payload during push; after this reordering the elements are
already cleared. PyInner<PyTuple> is a fixed-size allocation (the
elements box is dropped and replaced on reuse), so replace the per-size
buckets with the shared single-list FreeList. Remove the now-unused
pyinner_layout helper.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Resolve __set__ and __delete__ together for the descr_set slot

The descr_set slot serves both __set__ and __delete__, but the
TpDescrSet accessor resolved only the single modified name and fell
back to MRO inheritance on delete. Deleting one of the pair could
disable the surviving operation: after `del D.__set__`, an instance
delete stopped calling the remaining __delete__.

Resolve both names together like the TpSetattro accessor does: any
Python-level definition selects the dispatching wrapper, matching
native functions are stored directly, a single native function with
the other name absent is stored directly, and the slot is inherited
from the MRO only when neither name resolves.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Update type base on __bases__ assignment

set_bases replaced bases and mro but never updated the stored base, so
__base__ kept reporting the old value after reassignment and slot
resolution (tp_new inheritance, set_new/set_alloc during init_slots)
read the stale solid base.

Change the base field to PyAtomicRef<Option<PyType>> so it can be
swapped under the type lock while remaining lock-free for readers, and
recompute it in set_bases with the same best_base validation type
creation uses (BASETYPE flag, instance layout conflict among bases).
The swapped-out base is parked in the frame's temporary refs; other
references released inside the critical section are dropped after the
lock is released.

Also in set_bases:
- remove this class from the old bases' subclass lists (pruning dead
  entries), so repeated assignment no longer accumulates duplicates
- roll back bases, base, and all updated mros when the recursive mro
  update fails, instead of leaving the type half-reparented
- fix the misformatted empty-tuple error message

Remove the expectedFailure marker from test_unsubclassable_types,
which now passes.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix rollback order, dead weakrefs, and lock-held drops in set_bases

- Restore recorded mros in reverse on rollback so a class visited
  multiple times through diamond inheritance ends with its original
  mro instead of an intermediate one.
- Skip dead weakrefs in the subclass list during the recursive mro
  update instead of panicking on upgrade.
- Retire the replaced mros on the success path instead of dropping
  them while the type lock is held.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reify number sub-slot wrapper once in update_one_slot

The update_sub_slot! macro expanded the Python-method wrapper closure at
both the own and inherited store sites. Each expansion is a distinct fn
item, so a base and a non-overriding subclass stored wrappers with
distinct addresses in unmerged debug builds. binary_op1 compares slot fn
addresses to detect whether a subclass overrides the operator, so the
inherited slot was misread as an override and C() // E() dispatched to
__rfloordiv__ instead of __floordiv__.

Bind the wrapper store in a single closure and call it from both branches
so the fn item is reified once and the slot value stays identical across
a base and its subclasses. Document the conservative-on-mismatch nature
of the new_wrapper address guard in call_wrapped.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Restrict type_cache_after_fork visibility and guard type-cache reads

type_cache_after_fork is only called from within the crate, so mark it
pub(crate) to resolve the unreachable-pub warning.

Add debug_assert_current_thread_attached at the has_name_in_mro lock-free
type-cache read site, matching lookup_ref_and_version_interned, and gate
the function on debug_assertions so it is not compiled unused in release
builds where the call sites are elided.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Guard BinaryOpSubscrGetitem with the cached type version

The specialized BINARY_OP_SUBSCR_GETITEM handler used the cached
__getitem__ after checking only the function version, unlike the sibling
specialized handlers which revalidate the type version tag first.

Store the type version in the inline cache at specialization time and
revalidate owner.class().tp_version_tag against it before using the cached
function, deopting to the generic subscript path on mismatch.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Call __abstractmethods__ __len__ once in object.__new__

The abstract-method check invoked the user-visible __len__ twice: once via
length_opt for the count and again while materializing the method names.
Derive the count from the materialized list instead, so __len__ runs once.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use i64 fast paths for specialized int add/sub/mul

Rewrite execute_binary_op_int to box results through new_int via i64
checked arithmetic instead of raw BigInt ops with new_bigint. Add an
int_mul helper and a shared int_fast_op that computes the i64 result and
falls back to the BigInt operation on to_i64 or checked-op failure.

Wire int_mul into both the specialized BinaryOpMultiplyInt handler and
the generic execute_bin_op Multiply/InplaceMultiply path, gated on exact
int operands so subclasses keep dispatching through _mul/_imul.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use i64 fast paths for exact int floordiv and remainder

Add floordiv_i64/mod_i64 computing i64 floor-division and divisor-signed
remainder, guarding zero divisor and i64::MIN overflow by returning None.
Wire them through int_floordiv/int_mod (shared int_div_fast_op boxes via
new_int) into the generic execute_bin_op FloorDivide/Remainder and their
Inplace variants, gated on exact int operands so subclasses and zero
divisors fall through to the existing _floordiv/_mod/_ifloordiv/_imod
slow path.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip trashcan and untrack for non-GC-tracked objects in dealloc

default_dealloc read is_gc_tracked() only to decide untracking, and
entered the trashcan recursion guard unconditionally. Non-GC objects
(int, float, str, ...) own no child references that recurse during
deallocation, so they need neither the trashcan nor untracking. Read
is_gc_tracked() once and gate both trashcan begin/end and untrack on it,
removing three thread-local accesses per non-GC object deallocation.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Merge trashcan depth and defer queue into one thread-local struct

trashcan::end accessed two separate thread-locals (DEALLOC_DEPTH and
DEALLOC_QUEUE) at the outermost deallocation. Combine both into a single
`Trashcan` thread-local holding Cell-based depth and queue fields, so
begin and end each reach their state through one thread-local access.
The queue is set back before each deferred dealloc call so reentrant
begin/end during draining never holds an outstanding borrow.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Check object layout compatibility on __bases__ and __class__ assignment

Add a shared compatible_for_assignment helper that walks each type to the
base that fixes its instance layout and rejects the assignment when the old
and new layouts differ (basicsize, itemsize, member count, __dict__,
__weakref__, and __slots__ names). Wire it into set_bases, which previously
performed no layout check, and replace the inline check in __class__
assignment, which compared the two types directly and over-rejected a
subclass that adds no layout.

Enable test_descr.test_builtin_bases, which the new set_bases check passes.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Stop the world around GC pointer-reading phases

The cycle collector reads each tracked object's interpreter state during
reference subtraction, the reachability walk and the strong-reference
snapshot, including the localsplus of frames other threads are executing.
Those slots are written without synchronization, so the reads are a data
race under threading.

collect_inner now stops the world before taking the generation read locks
and restarts it after the strong-reference snapshot, before the
finalizer/weakref/tp_clear phases. A debug assertion checks that no frame
on any thread's call stack was classified unreachable.

Automatic collections from maybe_collect are deferred to the next bytecode
safepoint via a new eval-breaker GC bit instead of running synchronously:
a synchronous collection can hold an internal lock (e.g. the lazy frame
locals cell) that another thread is blocked on with no way to reach a
safepoint, deadlocking the stop.

Hardens the stop-the-world machinery for these frequent, concurrent GC
stops: attach_thread now honors a pending stop after re-attaching so a
thread doing rapid allow_threads calls cannot run past the requester;
stop_the_world completion is level-triggered on all-threads-suspended
rather than an edge-triggered countdown; and the thread-start started/ready
handshakes detach while waiting so the waiter is parkable.

Updates the Frame and PyRwLock/PyMutex traversal SAFETY comments to state
the actual invariant.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add threaded GC vs executing-frame stress snippet

Workers churn frame state (recursion, generators, frame cycles) while a
collector loops gc.collect() and an introspector walks live frame objects.
Exercises the stop-the-world barrier around GC traversal.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Serialize fork and GC stop-the-world requesters

fork() (posix before/after-fork) and the cycle collector both drive the
single StopTheWorldState. With no mutual exclusion their requester word and
suspension countdown could interleave and be clobbered, so the completion
check never converged and a requester waited on itself forever (reproducible
parent-side hang when forking with GC enabled).

Add one exclusion held for the whole stop->start span of either requester:
stop_the_world acquires it before any stop bookkeeping and
start_the_world/reset_after_fork release it. The acquire is park-friendly
(poll try-lock and honor a pending suspend between tries) so a requester
blocked behind an active stop can still be force-parked instead of deadlocking
the active requester. The acquirer holds no other lock while spinning.

Also correct the PyRwLock traverse SAFETY note: a failed try_read may mean a
force-parked thread holds the write lock; skipping is safe because
under-traversal only over-approximates liveness. Document the residual
gc.collect()-under-a-non-generation-lock exposure at the collect_inner barrier.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add fork under concurrent GC stop-the-world snippet

Worker threads allocate cyclic garbage with GC enabled while the main thread
forks repeatedly and each child collects. Exercises the fork/GC
stop-the-world exclusion; the allocation rate is throttled so a collection
stays cheap in unoptimized builds.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Detach while acquiring the import lock

The global import lock is held across bytecode by the importlib bootstrap,
so its holder can be parked at a safepoint mid-hold. Acquiring it while
attached let another thread block attached on the lock, so a stop-the-world
requester could wait forever for that attached thread to suspend while the
holder stayed parked.

Wrap IMP_LOCK acquisition in allow_threads in both _imp.acquire_lock and the
pre-fork acquire_imp_lock_for_fork so the wait honors stop-the-world requests.
Correct the acquire_exclusion comment: a spinning requester may hold IMP_LOCK
(fork) or the collecting mutex (GC); safety relies on those never being
acquired attached-blocking by another thread.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add concurrent-import vs GC deadlock snippet

Two threads re-import modules (contending the import lock) while a third
storms the cycle collector and a fourth allocates cyclic garbage. Regressed
as a hang before the import lock acquisition was made park-friendly.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Create call frames untracked and track generators explicitly

Add PyPayload::NEW_REF_UNTRACKED (default false, true for Frame) so
PyRef::new_ref skips auto-tracking ordinary call frames in the GC.
Generator/coroutine/async-generator frames are tracked explicitly in
invoke_with_locals before their generator back-reference is installed.
run_frame debug-asserts that a datastack frame is untracked on entry.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Track escaped call frames lazily at datastack release

Rewrite release_datastack_frame around the invariant that a datastack
frame is never GC-tracked while it runs: strong_count() == 1 means the
frame never escaped, so drop localsplus in place without touching the
GC; strong_count() > 1 means it escaped, so materialize localsplus onto
the heap and then track the frame. This removes the untrack and the
untrack-recheck dance from the common non-escaping path.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Guard the tracked-frame localsplus invariant

Document at Frame::traverse that references to a frame are always
recorded as graph edges, so the collector reads a frame's localsplus
only when the frame is itself a tracked candidate. Add debug assertions
at both frame track sites (escaped datastack frames and generator
frames) that a frame is heap-backed before it is tracked, so a collector
never reads data-stack-resident, still-mutating storage.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Reword frame/dealloc invariant comments and drop needless borrow

- frame.rs: replace the task codename in the tracked-frame localsplus
  invariant comment with a description of the collector-vs-executing-frame
  behavior.
- object.rs: remove needless borrow on current_cls in the __class__
  assignment compatibility check.
- core.rs: rewrite the default_dealloc trashcan/untrack-skip comment to
  state the actual invariant, which now covers untracked non-escaped
  frames releasing at interpreter depth with bounded recursion.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Move type SetAttr slot rewrite inside the type lock and tighten cache reads

Run update_slot inside the same with_type_lock transaction as
modified_inner and the attributes dict mutation, so the version
invalidation, dict change, and slot-table rewrite are published together.

Load init_version and getitem_version with Acquire in the specialization
cache readers to pair with the Release stores in the writers.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Capture the type version before reading mutable slots in specializers

specialize_load_attr, specialize_store_attr, specialize_to_bool, and the
CallAllocAndEnterInit path of specialize_call read the version tag with
version_for_specialization before inspecting getattro, setattro, the
bool/len slots, and tp_new/tp_alloc, so a concurrent install of the
corresponding dunder invalidates the version the specialization is cached
against.

In the BinaryOpSubscr __getitem__ path, check the HEAPTYPE and
eval-frame gates before lookup_ref_and_version_interned, which takes the
global type lock and may allocate a version tag.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use _get_method_dict for the test_type check in the test runner

Replace the direct __func__.__dict__ access with the _get_method_dict
helper so plain functions without __func__ do not raise AttributeError.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix lint hooks: cspell dictionary entries, spelling fix, formatting

Add qsbr to the rustpython dictionary and reborrows/reparenting to
the top-level word list. Rename oldto/newto locals to old_to/new_to.
Fix Stabilise -> Stabilize typo in a frame.rs comment.
Apply cargo fmt to object.rs, type.rs, and frame.rs, and ruff
format/check fixes to two extra_tests snippet files.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Rebuild all slots for type and descendants on __bases__ reassignment

Add PyType::update_all_slots, which invalidates version tags and iterates
the full SLOT_DEFS name table calling update_slot::<true> for each distinct
name. Unlike init_slots, which is additive and driven only by dunder names
present in the current MRO, this resets a slot whose method left the MRO
instead of leaving a stale dispatcher pointer.

Call it from set_bases in place of the previous modified_inner + init_slots
pair, so reassigning __bases__ rebuilds slots for the type and every
descendant.

Add extra_tests/snippets/type_bases_slot_rebuild.py covering removed-method
resets on zelf and deep descendants, the wrong-target switch, __getattr__,
the added-method mirror, and a swap-away-and-back round trip.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Derive the thread-local frame stack from the frame chain

Remove the per-VM `frames` Vec. current_frame, sys._getframe,
sys._getframemodulename, frame.f_back, sys.monitoring re-instrumentation,
gc.get_referrers, faulthandler stack dumps and the post-fork slot rebuild
now walk the signal-safe CURRENT_FRAME/`previous` chain instead. Add
`Py::from_payload_ptr` to recover a frame object from a chain pointer.

The cross-thread `ThreadSlot::frames` registry (sys._current_frames,
cross-thread f_back, GC stop-the-world assertion) is unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Inherit sub-slot fallback into the field being resolved

update_one_slot's number/sequence/mapping fallback inherited via the
accessor's default field. Left and right binary ops (add/right_add)
share one accessor but occupy distinct fields, so resolving an absent
right op or deleting it reset the left op's field, dropping a
still-defined __add__ dispatcher. Inherit the exact field under
resolution instead.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gate type_cache_after_fork to its fork caller and use Self in downcast

type_cache_after_fork is only called from the unix fork path, so gate it
with all(feature = "host_env", unix) to match the caller and avoid a
dead-code error on non-unix targets. Replace the explicit PyType with Self
in the modified_inner downcast.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Unmark test_attr and test_method_call_error in test_monitoring

Both TestLoadSuperAttr tests now pass; remove their expectedFailure markers.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Run tp_new specialization __init__ without a trampoline frame

CallAllocAndEnterInit ran __init__ inside a synthetic init-cleanup shim
frame whose code carried the __init__ name. Since the thread frame stack
is derived from the frame chain, that shim frame was visible to
sys._getframe, f_back walks, traceback construction and inspect.stack /
inspect.trace. Its code object has empty co_positions, so a stack walk
that reached it raised StopIteration inside inspect._get_code_position,
cascading into unrelated failures (test_inspect trace/stack/frame,
asyncio source traceback).

Call __init__ directly via run_frame, enforce the __init__() should
return None contract inline, and drop the shim: the init-cleanup code
object, its builder, with_frame_untraced, monitoring_disabled_for_code,
and the extra-frame datastack/recursion budget. Removing the second
frame per construction also cuts the specialization's per-call cost.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Replace per-call thread-frame mutex with an atomic top-of-stack (unix)

On unix threading builds, publish each thread's top Python frame in a
single relaxed AtomicPtr store from set_current_frame instead of pushing
onto a parking_lot::Mutex<Vec<FramePtr>> per call. Cross-thread readers
(sys._current_frames, cross-thread f_back, faulthandler.dump_traceback,
the GC unreachable debug-assert) run under stop-the-world and walk the
published top frame down the Frame::previous chain; the owning thread is
then parked at a safepoint, so the pointer and the frames it reaches are
quiescent and alive. The faulthandler watchdog is a plain OS thread that
cannot stop-the-world, so it walks the chain lock-free and best-effort.

Non-unix threading builds have no stop-the-world and keep the existing
mutex-guarded frame stack unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Skip exc_info save/restore for callees that never touch the slot

with_frame saves and restores the shared exc_info slot around every
Python call to contain frames that leave it unbalanced. Cache a
has_exc_handling bit on PyCode at creation, set when the bytecode
contains any opcode that calls vm.set_exception (PushExcInfo, PopExcept,
CheckEgMatch, EndAsyncFor, InstrumentedEndAsyncFor). A callee whose code
has none of these cannot mutate the slot, so the save and restore are
skipped for it. Generators go through resume_gen_frame and are
unaffected.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Return a write-through FrameLocalsProxy from frame.f_locals

Optimized (function) frames now expose `f_locals` as a `FrameLocalsProxy`
implementing PEP 667 semantics instead of a cached snapshot dict:

- reads go live through the fast-local slots; each access mints a fresh
  proxy; keys that do not name a fast local are stored in a per-frame
  `f_extra_locals` side dict and folded into `locals()`.
- writes to a fast-local key store into the slot (or its cell) in place;
  deleting a fast local raises ValueError; extra keys delete normally.
- full mapping protocol: keys/values/items (lists), get/pop/setdefault,
  update (dict or FrameLocalsProxy only), __or__/__ior__/__ror__ (dict
  result), copy (plain dict), __reduce__ blocks pickling/copy, repr with
  recursion guard, mapping-pattern and Mapping ABC support.

Class/module/exec frames keep returning their namespace mapping directly.
Cross-thread access to a frame running on another thread still raises
RuntimeError.

A closed generator now keeps its frame locals when a durable frame
reference escaped (f_locals proxy, sys._getframe, f_back), matching
take_ownership; the escape is tracked with a per-frame flag. The
snapshot-then-fold locals_to_fast/locals_dirty write-back is retired
since proxy writes reach the slots directly.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Retain the caller frame so f_back resolves after it returns

When a frame escapes its execution (referenced through a traceback,
`sys._getframe`, `f_locals`, ...), capture a strong reference to its
caller at release time. `f_back` consults it once the caller has left
the live frame chain, so the Python-visible frame chain survives return.
The retained reference is a GC-traversed edge and is cleared by
`frame.clear()`, so ancestor chains stay collectable.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Fix debug-build native stack overflow on deep recursion

Make check_c_stack_overflow one-sided (trip whenever the stack pointer
is below the soft limit) so a single native frame larger than the margin
cannot step past the danger band undetected.

Raise the debug STACK_MARGIN_BYTES from 4096 to 16384 words so the margin
exceeds a single debug interpreter frame, leaving headroom to raise
RecursionError. Release margin unchanged.

Clamp the soft-limit margin to half the stack so small explicit thread
stacks do not get a soft limit above their stack top.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Allocate exception instance __dict__ lazily

Exception construction went through into_ref_with_type, which eagerly
allocated an empty instance dict for every HAS_DICT type. Add
into_ref_with_type_lazy_dict, which builds the instance with an
unallocated dict slot, and route the four exception construction sites
(PyBaseException, PyOSError, OSErrorBuilder, PyBaseExceptionGroup)
through it. The dict now materializes on first attribute write or
__dict__ access via the existing get_or_insert path.

add_note and PyImportError::slot_init now obtain the dict through
object_get_dict so they materialize it instead of assuming it exists.

A freshly constructed exception no longer reports an empty dict in
gc.get_referents, matching the reference interpreter.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Allocate exception __dict__ lazily in vm.new_exception

Route vm.new_exception() through into_ref_with_type_lazy_dict so
internally raised exceptions (new_type_error, new_value_error, etc.)
start without an instance dict, matching the slot_new path. The dict
is materialized on the first attribute write or __dict__ access.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Validate FrameLocalsProxy.update() arguments

Reject keyword arguments and require exactly one positional argument,
raising TypeError with the "takes no keyword arguments" and "takes
exactly one argument (N given)" messages.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Address review nits in frame and faulthandler

- Drop stale vm.frames reference from the release_datastack_frame
  uniqueness argument.
- Assert has_exc_handling when unwinding an Except-typed stack slot,
  documenting the invariant that guards the shared exc_info write.
- Truncate the specialized __init__ return-type name to 200 chars,
  matching the unspecialized wrapper.
- Reword two comments to describe behavior without prose references
  to CPython.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use scopeguard for start_the_world in faulthandler dump_all_threads

Wrap the unix stop-the-world registry walk in a scope with
scopeguard::defer! so start_the_world runs on panic, matching the
f_back and get_all_current_frames sites. Add scopeguard to the stdlib
dependencies. Also correct the restore_exception doc comment to name
with_frame after the rename.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gitignore docs/superpowers

Assisted-by: Claude

* Rename type_bases_slot_rebuild.py to builtin_type_bases.py

Match the builtin_* naming convention of extra_tests/snippets.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply rustfmt, ruff, and cspell lint fixes

Reformat with rustfmt, fix import spacing in builtin_type_bases.py with
ruff, and add "pointee" to the cspell word list.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Gate unix-only QSBR methods to their call sites

`online`, `drain_all`, and `reset_after_fork` are called only from unix
code (thread attach/detach, post-fork reset), and `offline` from unix
code plus a unit test. Gate them with matching cfg so `-D dead_code`
does not fire on non-unix targets.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Visit the function closure tuple as a GC edge

PyFunction::traverse visited the cells inside the closure tuple instead
of the tuple object itself, so the tuple's reference from the function
was never subtracted during cycle collection. A closure tuple that
reached back to its function (or, through a frame retained by f_back,
to a Thread) was stranded as a false GC root and never collected,
leaking the whole cycle. Visit the tuple itself, matching clear().

Assisted-by: Claude

* Apply formatting hook fix to builtin_type_bases.py

Assisted-by: Claude

* Unmark asyncgen finalization-by-gc tests in test_base_events

test_asyncgen_finalization_by_gc and
test_asyncgen_finalization_by_gc_in_other_thread now pass; GC finalizes
the async generators.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Unmark test_sni_callback_refcycle in test_ssl

The servername-callback reference cycle is now collected by GC.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Widen GC stop-the-world gates from unix-only to all threading builds

Change `cfg(all(unix, feature = "threading"))` to `cfg(feature = "threading")`
on the stop-the-world machinery so it also compiles and runs on non-unix
threading builds:

- StopTheWorldState, its stats, stw_trace, and the stop_the_world field
- ThreadSlot state/stop_requested/thread fields and their initializers
- wait_while_suspended/attach_thread/detach_thread/suspend_if_needed/do_suspend,
  allow_threads, stop_requested_for_current_thread, and the enter_vm /
  VmBootstrapGuard / attach_current_thread / release_current_thread / cleanup
  attach-state wiring
- eval_breaker_tripped, check_signals, run_scheduled_gc, signal GC_BIT /
  schedule_gc / take_gc_scheduled, and the frame.rs safepoint call
- CollectStopTheWorld and its use in collect_inner
- QSBR::online/offline, now called from attach/detach on all threading builds
- debug_assert_current_thread_attached and its type-cache call sites

maybe_collect defers auto-collection to the bytecode safepoint on every
threading build instead of only unix; non-threading builds keep the inline
collect. stw_trace writes to std stderr on non-unix.

top_frame publishing (CURRENT_TOP_FRAME_SLOT, set_current_frame), the
frame-walk debug assert in collect_inner, and the fork reinit helpers remain
unix-only; non-unix keeps ThreadSlot::frames for introspection.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Detach current thread around blocking _winapi/_overlapped waits

Wrap the blocking Windows wait calls in `vm.allow_threads` so the calling
thread transitions ATTACHED -> DETACHED for the duration of the wait:

- _winapi: WaitForSingleObject, WaitForMultipleObjects,
  BatchedWaitForMultipleObjects, ConnectNamedPipe, ReadFile,
  Overlapped.GetOverlappedResult
- _overlapped: Overlapped.getresult

These previously blocked while ATTACHED, so a stop-the-world requester
could never suspend the thread and spun in its wait loop indefinitely.

* Format WaitForMultipleObjects allow_threads closure

* Treat concurrent sni_callback removal as no-op in invoke_sni_callback

* Assert capi refcount on a fresh mortal list instead of the int type object

The refcount test asserted exact incref/decref deltas on PyInt's shared
type object. That object's reference count is perturbed by the other capi
tests running in parallel, and is immortal under some interpreter
configurations, so the deltas were not reliably +1/-1. Assert them on a
freshly created, uniquely owned list whose reference count is private to
the test and mortal.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Traverse and GC-track PyOSError instances

The `#[pyexception]` struct macro now forwards a `traverse` option to the
generated `#[pyclass]`, and `ExceptionItemMeta` accepts the `traverse`
key. `PyOSError` is marked `traverse = "manual"`, so `HAS_TRAVERSE` is
true and OSError-family instances are tracked at creation and traversed
by the collector.

`PyOSError::traverse` now visits the underlying `PyBaseException`
(traceback, cause, context, args) instead of `PyException::try_traverse`,
which was a no-op because `PyException` has `HAS_TRAVERSE = false`.

* Unmark test_blockingioerror in test_io

The BlockingIOError reference cycle is now collected by GC.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-08 15:21:41 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon d77b80daed Implement round-half-even float.fromhex in common float_ops (#8234)
* Add round-half-even hex float parser to common float_ops

Add float_ops::from_hex returning Result<f64, HexFloatError>, which parses
the coefficient and exponent, rounds round-half-even over the full exponent
range, and detects overflow. Route float.fromhex through it: raise
OverflowError for values too large to represent and ValueError for invalid
input. Remove the expectedFailure on test_from_hex.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Address review: Option-returning byte helpers, const fns, drop test_ prefix

Assisted-by: Claude

* Whitelist fdigits and inity in cspell

Assisted-by: Claude

* Home is_py_ascii_whitespace in rustpython-wtf8; share with common and sre_engine

Assisted-by: Claude

* Use shared wtf8 is_py_ascii_whitespace in bytes_inner

Remove the private copy of is_py_ascii_whitespace in bytes_inner.rs and
import the shared rustpython_common::wtf8::is_py_ascii_whitespace.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-08 10:03:29 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 58ae87c00a Fix decompose_float subnormals, float format grouping/empty type; add HashSecret::from_keys (#8232)
* common: fix decompose_float for subnormal inputs

Subnormals carry a biased exponent of 0 and no implicit leading mantissa
bit, so the bit-twiddling frexp misread them: hash(5e-324) returned
8404992 instead of CPython's 16777216. Scale subnormals into the normal
range by 2**54 (exact) before decomposing and fold the shift back into
the returned exponent. Adds a frexp-contract unit test over normals,
subnormals, and boundary values.

Assisted-by: Claude

* common: add HashSecret::from_keys

HashSecret's fields are private and the only constructor derives k0/k1
from a u32 seed, so an embedder cannot reproduce a fixed keying (e.g. a
deterministic PYTHONHASHSEED=0-style run). Add a const constructor
taking explicit SipHash keys; the seeded path is unchanged.

Assisted-by: Claude

* common: fix float format grouping and empty presentation type

Thousands grouping split the magnitude only on '.', so exponent and
percent tails received separators (format(1e20, ',e') gave
'1e+,20'-class corruption). Group only the leading integer digits for
interval-3 output; hex/octal/binary keep whole-magnitude grouping.

Empty presentation type: with a precision, clamp it to at least 1 and
restore a trailing '.0' on integer-looking results (Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0);
without one, alternate form now inserts the forced decimal point before
an exponent instead of appending it.

Verified byte-identical to CPython 3.14 over a hash/format differential
battery; test_format, test_float, test_fstring, test_hash pass.

Assisted-by: Claude

* common: satisfy rustfmt and clippy in new hash/float tests

- float_ops: use core::f64::consts::PI in the frexp-contract battery
  (clippy::approx_constant)
- hash: rewrite the keyed_hash test via BuildHasher::hash_one
  (clippy::manual_hash_one)
- rustfmt the new float_ops/hash/format test modules

Assisted-by: Claude

* common: add DTSF to format.rs spell-checker ignores

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-07 15:29:52 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 55c012cffd unicode crate (#8211)
* Extract unicodedata core into rustpython-unicode crate

Move the vm-free Unicode character database access — the generated UCD 3.2.0 /
latest tables, their build-time generation, and the icu4x/unicode_names2 lookups
for category/bidirectional/combining/east_asian_width/mirrored/decomposition/
normalize/is_normalized/digit/decimal/numeric/name/lookup — into a new leaf crate
over char/CodePoint/&Wtf8. stdlib/unicodedata.rs keeps the UCD pyclass binding: it
extracts the code point, boxes results, and maps errors. The unicode data files,
build.rs table generation, and the icu_properties/icu_normalizer/unicode_names2
dependencies move out of stdlib.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Route str predicates, casefold, and printable through rustpython-unicode

Add classify/case/identifier modules to the shared crate over char/&str/&Wtf8:
isalpha/isalnum/isdecimal/isdigit/isnumeric/isspace/isprintable classification,
XID identifier predicates, and full-mapping casefold. vm/builtins/str.rs and
literal/char.rs now call these instead of icu_properties/icu_casemap directly.
String-level iteration with final-sigma handling (lower/upper/title/capitalize,
islower/isupper) stays in the runtime.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Route sre_engine char classes through rustpython-unicode

Add the regex module with the SRE character-class and case predicates
(is_word/is_space/is_digit, is_uni_* Unicode variants, ascii/locale/unicode case
folding). sre_engine/string.rs now forwards to it, keeping its public API and
behavior identical — including the ASCII-only is_uni_digit and the hardcoded
is_uni_space table.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Route \N{} name lookups through rustpython-unicode

codegen/string_parser.rs (\N{...} escapes) and common/encodings.rs (the
namereplace error handler) now resolve character names via rustpython-unicode
instead of depending on unicode_names2 directly, leaving the crate as the sole
owner of the name database.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Add differential Unicode sweep and shared-crate snippet test

tests/differential.rs sweeps the full 0..0x110000 range and compares each str
classification predicate against a committed CPython 3.14 reference dataset
(tests/data/cpython3.14_predicates.txt, produced by generate_reference.py). Code
points that differ only because the Rust std / icu4x build ships a later Unicode
release than CPython 3.14's 16.0.0 are recorded in
tests/data/version_skew_cpython3.14.txt, regenerable via
RUSTPYTHON_UNICODE_REGEN_SKEW=1; the regen refuses to record any
cpython=true/crate=false divergence, so only newly-assigned code points are
allowed. Any other divergence fails. Both data files use a run-length
`predicate start:end,...` encoding.

extra_tests/snippets/stdlib_unicode_shared.py exercises the routed surface end to
end (str predicates, casefold, identifiers, unicodedata, normalize, \N{}, and re
character classes) and passes identically on CPython 3.14 and RustPython.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Match regex \d to Unicode decimal digits

is_uni_digit previously matched only ASCII 0-9, so re's \d in Unicode mode
missed decimal digits like ٥ and ५. SRE_UNI_IS_DIGIT matches Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL
(category Nd), so route it through classify::is_decimal. Unmasks test_bug_6561 in
test_re and extends the shared-crate snippet with the Nd/Nl/No cases.

Assisted-by: Claude

* Replace shallow Unicode wrappers with re-exports

Address review feedback on the extraction.

Functions that only forwarded to the shared crate become `use ... as`
re-exports rather than hand-written wrappers:

- literal: is_printable is dropped; escape.rs calls
  rustpython_unicode::classify::is_repr_printable directly.
- unicode::identifier::is_continue re-exports is_xid_continue.
- unicode::data::lookup_character re-exports unicode_names2::character.
- Drop the unused repr(u8) on DecompositionType.

The SRE character-class and case predicates move back into
sre_engine::string (their pre-extraction home) instead of living in a
unicode::regex module that only sre_engine and the vm _sre binding used;
is_uni_digit/is_uni_alnum still delegate to rustpython_unicode::classify.
engine.rs and _sre consume them from sre_engine::string again.

The unicode crate's tests move from a single root tests module in lib.rs
into per-module test submodules (case, classify, data, identifier,
normalize).

Assisted-by: Claude

* no-std

* Address review feedback: test module, dead variant, WTF-8 normalization

- differential.rs: move the sweep tests into a `mod tests` block and drop
  the file-level allow of clippy::tests_outside_test_module and
  std_instead_of_alloc; the test uses alloc collections instead.
- data.rs: remove the never-constructed DecompositionType::Canonical variant
  and its allow(unused); compatibility decomposition never produces it and
  canonical decomposition is handled through icu4x.
- normalize.rs: is_normalized now takes &Wtf8 and checks each UTF-8 run,
  skipping lone surrogates, matching normalize's run-wise behavior.
- unicodedata.rs: pass as_wtf8() to is_normalized.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-07 09:19:25 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon c6907f3228 Move tuple/frozenset hash algorithms into common::hash (#8213)
* Move tuple/frozenset hash algorithms into common::hash

Move the pure tuplehash fold (xxHash-based) into `hash::hash_tuple`, taking
a fallible iterator of element hashes, and the frozenset XOR-fold into a
`hash::FrozenSetHash` streaming accumulator. `builtins::tuple` and
`builtins::set` keep only the element-hash loop and delegate the arithmetic.

Assisted-by: Claude

* common/hash: rename acc_pyhash to acc_py_hash

Drop the now-unused `// cspell:ignore pyhash` from tuple.rs left behind
by the tuple hash move; the only remaining occurrence was the
acc_pyhash local. Renaming it lets cspell pass without an ignore.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-07-06 23:05:56 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 85ba1df3b1 Add more clippy rules (#8183)
* clippy `assigning_clones`

* string_lit_as_bytes

* tuple_array_conversions

* while_float

* manual_assert

* Revert "string_lit_as_bytes"

This reverts commit f40f756440.
2026-06-30 23:40:29 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 9f2c4e14a9 More clippy rules (#8127)
* clippy `elidable_lifetime_names`

* large_types_passed_by_value

* trivially_copy_pass_by_ref

* type_repetition_in_bounds

* copy_iterator

* collection_is_never_read

* same_functions_in_if_condition

* unnecessary_struct_initialization

* clippy on windows

* ssl windows
2026-06-22 16:30:51 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 11da0b42c3 clippy enum_glob_use (#8121) 2026-06-17 13:24:36 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 72052484ca clippy significant_drop_in_scrutinee & explicit_deref_methods (#8104) 2026-06-15 11:21:13 +09:00
Shahar Naveh dc81e050c6 more clippy rules (#8050)
* `checked_conversions`

* duration_suboptimal_units

* inefficient_to_string

* iter_on_single_items

* needless_collect

* needless_for_each

* ptr_offset_by_literal

* return_self_not_must_use
2026-06-10 11:13:42 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 9a0291188c Clippy rules (test related) (#7968) 2026-05-25 22:03:18 +09:00
Shahar Naveh acf12468c4 Clippy nursery lints (#7875) 2026-05-15 10:38:36 +00:00
Shahar Naveh 54be99bbc9 Clippy warn uninlined_format_args & redundant_else (#7873) 2026-05-15 16:52:06 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 0577e2ffb9 Clippy warn on unnecessary wraps (#7869) 2026-05-13 23:14:33 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 27dffed1e3 Add map_unwrap_or clippy rule (#7829) 2026-05-12 00:51:23 +09:00
fanninpm 3a14fd6531 Move dependencies to workspace for common crate (#7771)
* Add dependencies from `common` crate to workspace

* Declare dependencies as workspace = true
2026-05-05 14:02:57 +09:00
Noa 6bb84f3e80 Use cfg_select in a bunch more places (#7740) 2026-05-04 20:26:16 +00:00
Changjoon 156942e37f Tighten CPython parity for str format spec, %-format, and str() constructor (#7769)
Five related CPython parity gaps in `str` formatting and construction:

1. **`str(bytes, errors=...)` triggers decode mode.** Previously, only
   `encoding=` triggered decode; passing only `errors=` fell back to
   `repr()`. CPython's behavior: presence of `encoding` OR `errors`
   triggers decode mode (default UTF-8 when only `errors` is given).

2. **`'{...}'.format() IndexError wording.** Generic Rust "tuple index
   out of range" replaced with CPython's "Replacement index N out of
   range for positional args tuple".

3. **`{0:3.2s}.format('abc')` → 'ab '.** String format spec applied
   precision after width padding; CPython truncates BEFORE padding.
   Reorder the operations.

4. **`%x` / `%o` / `%X` / `%c` accept `__index__` objects.** Previously
   only `PyInt` downcast was attempted. Mirror CPython's
   PyNumber_Index dispatch via `try_index_opt`.

5. **`%d` / `%u` / `%i` error wording.** "a number is required" →
   "a real number is required" (matches CPython).

Also adds `not <type>` suffix to `%c` error messages so the type is
visible in TypeError text (matches CPython structure even without
fully-qualified names).

Verified byte-identical with CPython 3.14.4 across 25+ probes covering
the format/spec/constructor combinations. Unmasks
`test_str.test_constructor_keyword_args` and
`test_str.test_constructor_defaults`. test_str/test_bytes/test_format/
test_codecs/test_io/test_unicode_identifiers — 1,429 tests pass, 0
regressions. All 188 `extra_tests/snippets/*.py` pass under the CI
feature set.

`test_str.test_format` and `test_str.test_formatting` markers retained:
`test_format` still trips on `'{0:08s}'.format('result')` (numeric
zero-pad treated as fill+left-align by CPython for str type — separate
format-spec parser concern). `test_formatting` still trips on
`%c` error message expecting fully qualified `module.qualname` (RP
returns bare class name — separate broader concern).
2026-05-04 10:28:43 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 323a45ef07 Enable some pedantic clippy lints (#7764) 2026-05-04 10:25:37 +09:00
ChangjoonandShaharNaveh 2d485de90b Round float at the decimal level to match CPython's _Py_dg_dtoa (#7761)
* Round float at the decimal level to match CPython's _Py_dg_dtoa

CPython's `float.__round__` (Objects/floatobject.c) routes through
`_Py_dg_dtoa` and rounds at the decimal level. The previous
`round_float_digits` multiplied by 10**ndigits and rounded at the
IEEE 754 binary level, which diverges for values that aren't exactly
representable. For example, 2.675 stores as 2.67499...; dtoa correctly
rounds it down to 2.67, but `(2.675 * 100.0).round() / 100.0` lands on
2.68 because the multiplication produces a phantom 267.5 tie that
round-half-to-even snaps up.

Rust's `{:.*}` float formatting uses dtoa-style algorithms (Grisu3 +
Dragon4 fallback) and matches CPython's `_Py_dg_dtoa` byte-for-byte.
Replace the multiply-then-round step with `format!` + `parse` for
ndigits >= 0. The ndigits < 0 path is unchanged because dividing
typical inputs by 10**|ndigits| produces genuine ties rather than
synthesizing them.

Verified byte-identical with CPython 3.14.4 over a 108-case random
fuzz plus targeted half-tie probes. Unmasks
`test_float.RoundTestCase.test_matches_float_format` and
`test_previous_round_bugs`.

* Use #[expect] with reason for float_cmp suppression

Co-authored-by: ShaharNaveh <50263213+ShaharNaveh@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: ShaharNaveh <50263213+ShaharNaveh@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-05-03 00:16:27 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 87c5e176b3 Add some clippy lints (#7755) 2026-05-02 11:14:23 +09:00
Changjoon 32002161d8 Match CPython's _float_div_mod, fixing divmod and % zero-handling (#7745)
float_ops::divmod, mod_, and floordiv each carried their own conversion
from Rust's dividend-sign `%` to CPython's divisor-sign convention. Both
divmod and mod_ mishandled the zero-remainder case where the dividend
is a non-zero exact multiple of the divisor (e.g. divmod(6.0, -3.0),
6.0 % -3.0): the sign-correction branch fired on a zero remainder and
produced (-3.0, -3.0) and -3.0 respectively, violating the magnitude
invariant 0 <= abs(r) < abs(b). divmod also leaked the wrong signed-
zero quotient when the true quotient was zero (divmod(-1.0, -2.0)
returned (-0.0, -1.0) instead of (+0.0, -1.0)).

These are independent bugs in two functions, but both come from the
same root cause: zero-remainder needs a separate path from the sign-
correction branch.

Mirror CPython's `_float_div_mod` (Objects/floatobject.c) by making
divmod the canonical implementation and turning mod_ and floordiv into
thin wrappers. divmod(a, b) == (a // b, a % b) now holds by
construction.

Closes #7722
2026-05-01 19:45:28 +09:00
Changjoon f0ed98ccbc Reject format-string field index above Py_ssize_t::MAX (#7708)
CPython rejects digit-only format-string field names that overflow
Py_ssize_t at parse time with ValueError: Too many decimal digits in
format string (Python/string_parser.c::get_integer). RustPython's
FieldName::parse accepted any digit string usize::from_str could parse,
producing IndexError or KeyError at lookup instead.

Cap the parsed index at isize::MAX (Py_ssize_t::MAX on every platform)
inside FieldName::parse. Also reject digits-only strings whose value
overflows usize itself (caught when parse_usize returns None on an
all-digit input). A new FormatParseError::TooManyDecimalDigits maps to
the byte-identical CPython wording.

Unmasks test_str.StrTest.test_format_huge_item_number.
2026-04-28 21:12:09 +09:00
Changjoon 9957533ec7 Reject format spec with width above i32::MAX (#7707)
CPython rejects format-spec widths that exceed Py_ssize_t::MAX with
ValueError: Too many decimal digits in format string. RustPython's
FormatSpec::_parse only capped precision (via parse_precision); width
was accepted up to usize::MAX, so values like sys.maxsize + 1 silently
produced an effectively-ignored width.

Reject any width above i32::MAX with FormatSpecError::DecimalDigitsTooMany,
matching the existing precision cap and producing the byte-identical
ValueError wording.

Unmasks test_str.StrTest.test_format_huge_width.
2026-04-28 21:11:33 +09:00
Changjoon 3e83ef28fe Enforce int_max_str_digits on int-to-str conversions (#7688)
* Enforce int_max_str_digits on int-to-str conversions

The str-to-int direction already enforced sys.get_int_max_str_digits()
via bytes_to_int; the int-to-str direction did not. CPython 3.14 enforces
both per PEP 644.

Adds check_int_to_str_digits helper in builtins::int (bit-count fast path
+ digit upper-bound from log10(2)), wired into the four Python-level
entry points: repr, the str fast path in protocol::object, int.__format__
(decimal/n/empty spec only — binary bases x/o/b are exempt per CPython),
and the DecimalD/I/U branches of vm::cformat for both str % and bytes %.

Unmasks 8 expectedFailure tests across test_int (max_str_digits, DoS
prevention, int_from_other_bases — each mirrored in IntSubclass),
test_ast (test_repr_large_input_crash) and test_reprlib (test_numbers).
Boundary cases (4299/4300/4301 digits at limit=4300) match CPython 3.14.4.

* Skip int-to-str DoS test on platforms without time.get_clock_info

The test_denial_of_service_prevented_int_to_str regression test uses
support.Stopwatch, which calls time.get_clock_info('monotonic'). In
RustPython that function is gated to unix/windows targets only, so on
wasm32-wasip1 it surfaces as AttributeError and breaks the wasm-wasi CI.
Guard the test with skipUnless(hasattr(time, 'get_clock_info'), ...) so
it runs everywhere it can and is skipped on wasm.

Also narrow is_decimal_int_format to Number(Case::Lower): 'N' is rejected
by format_int as UnknownFormatCode, so excluding it preserves that error
path instead of intercepting it with the digit-limit check.

* Add TODO: RUSTPYTHON marker to skipUnless reason

scripts/update_lib uses TODO: RUSTPYTHON markers inside unittest
decorator reason strings to identify and migrate custom RustPython
patches across CPython library updates.

* Use expectedFailureIf for wasm get_clock_info gap

skipUnless silently hides the test forever; expectedFailureIf surfaces
unexpected success once RustPython implements time.get_clock_info on
wasm, prompting marker removal.
2026-04-27 21:41:40 +09:00
Changjoon 76057ed074 Fix process abort on large float format precision (#7633)
* Fix process abort on large float format precision

Formatting a float with large precision (>= ~65535) aborted the
interpreter instead of raising a Python exception. CPython handles
the same input by returning a clean string.

  # Before
  ./rustpython -c "print(f'{1.5:.1000000}')"
  thread 'main' panicked at crates/literal/src/float.rs:135:
  Formatting argument out of range   (exit 101, abort)

  # After
  ./rustpython -c "print(f'{1.5:.1000000}')"
  1.5

Root cause: Rust's `format!("{:.*}", n, x)` panics when `n`
exceeds the fmt runtime's internal precision limit. `format_fixed`
already caps `n` at u16::MAX, but `format_general` and
`format_exponent` (and the `%` branch in `crates/common/src/format.rs`)
passed user-supplied precision straight through to `format!`.

Fix:

  * Introduce `FMT_MAX_PRECISION` + `clamp_fmt_precision()` in
    crates/literal/src/float.rs. Cap is `u16::MAX - 1` because
    `{:.*e}` hits a second panic (`ndigits > 0` in core flt2dec)
    at exactly u16::MAX; the smaller value covers both paths.
  * Apply the helper to `format_fixed` (replacing the existing
    ad-hoc cap), `format_exponent` (entry), and `format_general`
    (three separate format! calls with saturating arithmetic on
    derived precision values).
  * Apply the helper in the `FormatType::Percentage` branch in
    crates/common/src/format.rs.

This is harmless for all normal inputs — f64 carries only ~17
significant digits, so precision beyond 65K is padding zeros at
best. Complex-number and old-style `%`-formatting paths transitively
benefit because they dispatch to the same library functions.

Verified:

  * cargo run -- -m test test_float test_fstring test_format:
    144 passed, 0 regressed.
  * extra_tests/snippets/builtin_format.py: all assertions pass,
    including 7 new regression cases covering e / E / g / G / f /
    % at precision 1_000_000.
  * Probed with 10 magnitude values (0, ±1.5, ±inf, nan, 1e-300,
    1e300, f64::MAX, 5e-324) x 4 format types = 40 combinations,
    plus precision 0/1/2 boundary, complex formatting, old-style
    `%` formatting, and combined specs (fill/align/sign/grouping/
    zero-pad). All return clean strings; no process abort.

* Address CodeRabbit review: split cap + drop redundant clamp

Two refinements after CodeRabbit review:

1. Drop the redundant `format!("{:.*}", precision + 1, base)` in
   `format_general`'s scientific branch. It was a no-op pre-fix
   (magnitude is `.abs()`-ed at the caller, so `base` has no sign
   and its length was exactly `precision + 1`), but after I added
   the cap it turned into an active truncate — dropping 1 char of
   precision at the cap boundary. Reuse `base` directly and extract
   `exp_precision` for reuse by `decimal_point_or_empty`.

2. Split the cap into two helpers.

   `FMT_MAX_PRECISION = u16::MAX`           — for plain `{:.*}` (format_fixed,
                                                 %-branch, format_general's
                                                 non-scientific branch).
   `FMT_MAX_EXP_PRECISION = u16::MAX - 1`   — for `{:.*e}` (format_exponent,
                                                 format_general's scientific
                                                 entry).

   The second value is one lower because `{:.*e}` trips an additional
   `ndigits > 0` assertion in `core::num::flt2dec` at exactly
   `u16::MAX`. The first commit used the tighter cap uniformly,
   which silently regressed `format_fixed` by 1 char at
   `precision == u16::MAX` (it previously capped at exactly that
   value). Two helpers restore byte-identical CPython parity for
   fixed / percent / general-non-scientific paths up through
   `precision == u16::MAX`.

Verification:
  * precision 5 .. 65534:  360 outputs byte-identical to CPython
                           across 8 magnitudes x 9 precisions x 5 types.
  * precision == 65535:    f / g / G / % now match CPython (0 diff).
                           e / E remain 1 char shorter — unavoidable
                           within the `u16::MAX - 1` exp cap.
  * precision > 65535:     output stops at cap; CPython emits full
                           padding — same design divergence as before.
  * No panic regression:   f-string default, e/E, g/G, %, f at
                           precision 1_000_000 all return cleanly.
  * Test suite:            test_float + test_fstring + test_format,
                           162 passed, 0 regressed.

* Fix ruff format: single-line precision clamp

* Address @youknowone review: byte-identical CPython parity at boundary

Per review comment on `extra_tests/snippets/builtin_format.py:209`:
the patch declares `FMT_MAX_PRECISION = u16::MAX`, so the tests must
cover 65535 and 65536 and demonstrate CPython parity at the boundary.

The previous version only avoided panic — at the cap it silently
truncated 1 char short of CPython for e / E, and thousands of chars
short for f / %  at precision beyond the cap. This commit restores
byte-identical CPython output at every precision up to the format-
spec parser's own `i32::MAX` ceiling.

Fix: pad the Rust-format result with '0's up to the user-requested
precision.

Why this is correct, not a workaround: IEEE 754 double has at most
~767 significant decimal digits; past that, every digit is
deterministically '0' in both CPython and the native Rust output.
Our cap (65534 for exp, 65535 for plain) sits far above 767, so
appending zeros reconstructs precisely what CPython would have
produced. Verified on hard inputs: `1e-100`, `5e-324` (subnormal
boundary), `f64::MAX`, mixed magnitudes — the last 100 chars of
Rust-format output at precision 65534 are all '0' for every case.

Changes:

  * `format_fixed`: after format!(), extend with (precision - capped)
    '0' chars before appending the optional decimal point.
  * `format_exponent`: same, applied to the parsed mantissa before
    reassembling with the exponent marker.
  * `FormatType::Percentage` branch: same. Also fixed a bug the
    boundary audit surfaced: the finite-input overflow guard used
    `return Ok("inf%")`, which bypasses the outer sign handler.
    Changed to a match-arm value so `format_sign_and_align` still
    runs and produces "-inf%" for `-f64::MAX`, matching CPython.

Verification:

  * 7 magnitudes × 5 precisions × 6 format types = 210 comparisons
    against CPython at precisions {65534, 65535, 65536, 100000,
    200000}. All 210 byte-identical.
  * Gap audit (complex formatting, old-style % formatting, negative
    magnitudes, -0.0, combined specs with fill / sign / alternate /
    grouping) at boundary precisions. All but 20 byte-identical.
    The 20 remaining diffs all stem from a pre-existing
    complex-imaginary-part repr bug (`1e100j` expands to 100 '0's
    in RustPython vs CPython's `1e+100j`) which reproduces on
    upstream main without any part of this patch and is out of
    scope here.
  * `cargo run -- -m test test_float test_fstring test_format`:
    162 passed, 0 regressed.
  * `extra_tests/snippets/builtin_format.py` now pins exact
    expected strings at 65534 / 65535 / 65536 / 1_000_000 for
    every format type, plus the `f64::MAX × 100 → 'inf%'`
    overflow case.
  * `cargo fmt --check`: pass.

* Clarify boundary test labels + add past-cap depth assertions

Rename the boundary-test section so the three precision points per
format type are labeled below / at / past the cap inline, making the
"past MAX_PRECISION" unhappy-case coverage explicit. Add len-based
assertions at precision 1_000_000 for f, e, and % to exercise the
cap-then-pad path at a depth far beyond the boundary.
2026-04-23 15:25:52 +09:00
Shahar Naveh 9c729bc80c Use cfg_select! (#7636) 2026-04-21 17:35:26 +00:00
f51f27c949 Create rustpython-host-env (#7582)
* Create rustpython-host-env crate; move host abstractions out of common

Move os, crt_fd, fileutils, windows, macros modules from
rustpython-common into the new rustpython-host-env crate.
This isolates host OS API wrappers behind a crate boundary
with zero Python runtime dependency.

- Add crates/host_env to workspace
- Drop nix, windows-sys, widestring deps from common
- Wire vm and stdlib to depend on rustpython-host-env
- Migrate all imports from common::{os,crt_fd,fileutils,windows}
  to rustpython_host_env::

* refactor: extract host helpers

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* lint: enforce direct host API boundaries

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* refactor: extract remaining host env helpers

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* fix: clean extracted host env follow-up

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* fix: document env mutation safety

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* refactor: split host fs helpers from fileutils

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* fix: resolve latest host env ci regressions

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* fix: resolve remaining windows clippy host fs calls

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* host_env

---------

Co-authored-by: Jeong, YunWon <jeong@youknowone.org>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
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2026-04-21 00:13:25 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 9a538dfe61 More fork safety (#7380)
* apply more allow_threads

* Simplify STW thread state transitions

- Fix park_detached_threads: successful CAS no longer sets
  all_suspended=false, avoiding unnecessary polling rounds
- Replace park_timeout(50µs) with park() in wait_while_suspended
- Remove redundant self-suspension in attach_thread and detach_thread;
  the STW controller handles DETACHED→SUSPENDED via park_detached_threads
- Add double-check under mutex before condvar wait to prevent lost wakes
- Remove dead stats_detach_wait_yields field and add_detach_wait_yields

* Representable for ThreadHandle

* Set ThreadHandle state to Running in parent thread after spawn

Like CPython's ThreadHandle_start, set RUNNING state in the parent
thread immediately after spawn() succeeds, rather than in the child.
This eliminates a race where join() could see Starting state if called
before the child thread executes.

Also reverts the macOS skip for test_start_new_thread_failed since the
root cause is fixed.

* Set ThreadHandle state to Running in parent thread after spawn

* Add debug_assert for thread state in start_the_world

* Unskip now-passing test_get_event_loop_thread and test_start_new_thread_at_finalization

* Wrap IO locks and file ops in allow_threads

Add lock_wrapped to ThreadMutex for detaching thread state
while waiting on contended locks. Use it for buffered and
text IO locks. Wrap FileIO read/write in allow_threads via
crt_fd to prevent STW hangs on blocking file operations.

* Use std::sync for thread start/ready events

Replace parking_lot Mutex/Condvar with std::sync (pthread-based)
for started_event and handle_ready_event. This prevents hangs
in forked children where parking_lot's global HASHTABLE may be
corrupted.
2026-03-08 18:06:23 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 7333192406 Suspend Python threads before fork() (#7364)
* Suspend Python threads before fork()

Add stop-the-world thread suspension around fork() to prevent
deadlocks from locks held by dead parent threads in the child.

- Thread states: DETACHED / ATTACHED / SUSPENDED with atomic CAS
  transitions matching _PyThreadState_{Attach,Detach,Suspend}
- stop_the_world / start_the_world: park all non-requester threads
  before fork, resume after (parent) or reset (child)
- allow_threads (Py_BEGIN/END_ALLOW_THREADS): detach around blocking
  syscalls (os.read/write, waitpid, Lock.acquire, time.sleep) so
  stop_the_world can force-park via CAS
- Acquire/release import lock around fork lifecycle
- zero_reinit_after_fork: generic lock reset for parking_lot types
- gc_clear_raw: detach dict instead of clearing entries
- Lock-free double-check for descriptor cache reads (no read-side
  seqlock); write-side seqlock retained for writer serialization
- fork() returns PyResult, checks PythonFinalizationError, calls
  sys.audit
2026-03-07 20:20:16 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonandgithub-actions[bot] 1bd40ffd86 Implement locale-aware 'n' format specifier for int, float, complex (#7350)
* Implement locale-aware 'n' format specifier for int, float, complex

Add LocaleInfo struct and locale-aware formatting methods to FormatSpec.
The 'n' format type now reads thousands_sep, decimal_point, and grouping
from C localeconv() and applies proper locale-based number grouping.
Remove @unittest.skip from test_format.test_locale.

* Fix complex 'n' format and remove locale expectedFailure markers

Rewrite format_complex_locale to reuse format_complex_re_im, matching
formatter_unicode.c: add_parens=0 and skip_re=0 for 'n' type.
Remove @expectedFailure from test_float__format__locale and
test_int__format__locale in test_types.py.

* Auto-format: cargo fmt --all

---------

Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-03-06 01:09:43 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 12051c5bf0 Fix thread-safety in GC, type cache, and instruction cache (#7355)
* Fix thread-safety in GC, type cache, and instruction cache

GC / refcount:
- Add safe_inc() check for strong()==0 in RefCount
- Add try_to_owned() to PyObject for atomic refcount acquire
- Replace strong_count()+to_owned() with try_to_owned() in GC
  collection and weakref callback paths to prevent TOCTOU races

Type cache:
- Add proper SeqLock (sequence counter) to TypeCacheEntry
- Readers spin-wait on odd sequence, validate after read
- Writers bracket updates with begin_write/end_write
- Use try_to_owned + pointer revalidation on read path
- Call modified() BEFORE attribute modification in set_attr

Instruction cache:
- Add pointer_cache (AtomicUsize array) to CodeUnits for
  single atomic pointer load/store (prevents torn reads)
- Add try_read_cached_descriptor with try_to_owned + pointer
  and version revalidation after increment
- Add write_cached_descriptor with version-bracketed writes

RLock:
- Fix release() to check is_owned_by_current_thread
- Add _release_save/_acquire_restore methods

* Fix RLock _acquire_restore tuple handling and unxfail threading test

* Align type cache seqlock writer protocol with CPython

* RLock: use single parking_lot level, track recursion manually

Instead of calling lock()/unlock() N times for recursion depth N,
keep parking_lot at 1 level and manage the count ourselves.
This makes acquire/release O(1) and matches CPython's
_PyRecursiveMutex approach (lock once + set level directly).

* Add try_to_owned_from_ptr to avoid &PyObject on stale ptrs

Use addr_of! to access ref_count directly from a raw pointer
without forming &PyObject first. Applied in type cache and
instruction cache hit paths where the pointer may be stale.

* Fix CI: spelling typo and xfail flaky test_thread_safety

- Fix "minimising" -> "minimizing" for cspell
- xfail test_thread_safety: dict iteration races with
  concurrent GC mutations in _finalizer_registry
2026-03-05 20:33:14 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 0b4f2171e5 Replace GC tracking HashSet with intrusive linked list (#7328)
* Replace GC tracking HashSet with intrusive linked list

Replace per-generation HashSet<GcObjectPtr> with intrusive doubly-linked
lists for GC object tracking. Each PyInner now carries gc_pointers
(prev/next) and gc_generation fields, enabling O(1) track/untrack
without hashing.

- Add gc_pointers (Pointers<PyObject>) and gc_generation (u8) to PyInner
- Implement GcLink trait for intrusive list integration
- Replace generation_objects/permanent_objects/tracked_objects/finalized_objects
  HashSets with generation_lists/permanent_list LinkedLists
- Use GcBits::FINALIZED flag instead of finalized_objects HashSet
- Change default_dealloc to untrack directly before memory free
- Hold both src/dst list locks in promote_survivors to prevent race
  conditions with concurrent untrack_object calls
- Add pop_front to LinkedList for freeze/unfreeze operations
Move unreachable_refs creation before drop(gen_locks) so that raw
pointer dereferences and refcount increments happen while generation
list read locks are held. Previously, after dropping read locks, other
threads could untrack and free objects, causing use-after-free when
creating strong references from the raw GcPtr pointers.
2026-03-05 00:42:18 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon cf26f85230 Remove Frame mutex and use DataStack bump allocator for LocalsPlus (#7333)
* Remove PyMutex<FrameState> from Frame, use UnsafeCell fields directly

Move stack, cells_frees, prev_line out of the mutex-protected FrameState
into Frame as FrameUnsafeCell fields. This eliminates mutex lock/unlock
overhead on every frame execution (with_exec).

Safety relies on the same single-threaded execution guarantee that
FastLocals already uses.

* Add thread-local DataStack for bump-allocating frame data

Introduce DataStack with linked chunks (16KB initial, doubling) and
push/pop bump allocation. Add datastack field to VirtualMachine.
Not yet wired to frame creation.

* Unify FastLocals and BoxVec stack into LocalsPlus

Replace separate FastLocals (Box<[Option<PyObjectRef>]>) and
BoxVec<Option<PyStackRef>> with a single LocalsPlus struct that
stores both in a contiguous Box<[usize]> array. The first
nlocalsplus slots are fastlocals and the rest is the evaluation
stack. Typed access is provided through transmute-based methods.

Remove BoxVec import from frame.rs.

* Use DataStack for LocalsPlus in non-generator function calls

Normal function calls now bump-allocate LocalsPlus data from the
per-thread DataStack instead of a separate heap allocation.
Generator/coroutine frames continue using heap allocation since
they outlive the call.

On frame exit, data is copied to the heap (materialize_to_heap)
to preserve locals for tracebacks, then the DataStack is popped.

VirtualMachine.datastack is wrapped in UnsafeCell for interior
mutability (safe because frame allocation is single-threaded LIFO).

* Fix clippy: import Layout from core::alloc instead of alloc::alloc

* Fix vectorcall compatibility with LocalsPlus API

Update vectorcall dispatch functions to use localsplus stack
accessors instead of direct stack field access. Add
stack_truncate method to LocalsPlus. Update vectorcall fast
path in function.rs to use datastack and fastlocals_mut().

* Add datastack, nlocalsplus, ncells, tstate to cspell dictionary

* Fix DataStack pop() for non-monotonic allocation addresses

Check both bounds of the current chunk when determining if a
pop base is in the current chunk. The previous check (base >=
chunk_start) fails on Windows where newer chunks may be
allocated at lower addresses than older ones.

* Fix stale comments: release_datastack -> materialize_localsplus

* Fix non-threading mode for parallel test execution

Two fixes for Cell-based types used in static items under non-threading
mode, which cause data races when Rust test runner uses parallel threads:

1. LazyLock: use std::sync::LazyLock when std is available instead of
   wrapping core::cell::LazyCell with a false `unsafe impl Sync`.
   The LazyCell wrapper is kept only for no-std (truly single-threaded).

2. gc_state: use static_cell! (thread-local in non-threading mode)
   instead of OnceLock, so each thread gets its own GcState with
   Cell-based PyRwLock/PyMutex that are not accessed concurrently.

* Fix CallAllocAndEnterInit to use LocalsPlus stack API

* Use checked arithmetic in LocalsPlus and DataStack allocators

* Address code review: checked arithmetic, threading feature deps, Send gate

- Use checked arithmetic for nlocalsplus in Frame::new
- Add "std" to threading feature dependencies in rustpython-common
- Gate GcState Send impl with #[cfg(feature = "threading")]

* Clean up comments: remove redundant/stale remarks, fix CPython references
2026-03-04 23:27:36 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonandgithub-actions[bot] 5f6a565810 Reinit IO buffer locks after fork to prevent deadlocks (#7339)
* Reinit IO buffer locks after fork to prevent deadlocks

BufferedReader/Writer/TextIOWrapper use PyThreadMutex internally.
If a parent thread held one of these locks during fork(), the child
would deadlock on any IO operation.

Add reinit_after_fork() to RawThreadMutex and call it on sys.stdin/
stdout/stderr in the child process fork handler, analogous to
CPython's _PyIO_Reinit().

* Address review: unsafe fn + decoder lock reinit

- Mark reinit_std_streams_after_fork as unsafe fn to encode
  fork-only precondition, update call site in posix.rs
- Reinit IncrementalNewlineDecoder's PyThreadMutex via
  TextIOWrapper's decoder field to prevent child deadlocks

* Auto-format: cargo fmt --all

---------

Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-03-04 19:54:10 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 533325de00 reinit-after-fork (#7321)
* Use Mutex::raw() accessor in reinit_mutex_after_fork

Use lock_api's Mutex::raw() to access the underlying RawMutex
instead of casting &PyMutex<T> directly. This avoids layout
assumptions about lock_api::Mutex<R, T> field ordering.

* Replace force_unlock with reinit_*_after_fork

Replace all force_unlock() + try_lock() patterns with zero-based
reinit that bypasses parking_lot internals entirely. After fork(),
the child is single-threaded so reinited locks won't contend.

Add reinit_rwlock_after_fork to common::lock alongside the existing
reinit_mutex_after_fork. Replace force_unlock_after_fork methods in
codecs, intern, and gc_state with reinit_after_fork equivalents.

This fixes after_fork_child silently dropping thread handles when
try_lock() failed on per-handle Arc<Mutex> locks.
2026-03-03 11:25:47 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 0e2bd75df6 Fix _at_fork_reinit to write INIT directly instead of calling unlock() (#7312)
* Fix _at_fork_reinit to write INIT directly instead of calling unlock()

unlock() goes through unlock_slow() which accesses parking_lot's
global hash table to unpark waiters. After fork(), this hash table
contains stale entries from dead parent threads, making unlock_slow()
unsafe. Writing INIT directly bypasses parking_lot internals entirely.

* Add import lock (IMP_LOCK) reinit after fork

The import lock is a ReentrantMutex that was never reinit'd after
fork(). If a parent thread held it during fork, the child would
deadlock on any import. Only reset if the owner is a dead thread;
if the surviving thread held it, normal unlock still works.
2026-03-03 09:08:12 +09:00
Jeong, YunWonandgithub-actions[bot] e339604041 Optimize fast_locals and atomic ordering (#7289)
* Relax RefCount atomic ordering from SeqCst to Arc pattern

- inc/inc_by/get: SeqCst → Relaxed
- safe_inc CAS: SeqCst → Relaxed + compare_exchange_weak
- dec: SeqCst → Release + Acquire fence when count drops to 0
- leak CAS: SeqCst → AcqRel/Relaxed + compare_exchange_weak

* Reuse existing Vec via prepend_arg in execute_call

Replace vec![self_val] + extend(args.args) with
FuncArgs::prepend_arg() to avoid a second heap allocation
on every method call.

* Skip downcast_ref checks in invoke when tracing is disabled

Early return in PyCallable::invoke() when use_tracing is false,
avoiding two downcast_ref type checks on every function call.

* Replace fastlocals PyMutex with UnsafeCell-based FastLocals

Eliminate per-instruction mutex lock/unlock overhead for local
variable access. FastLocals uses UnsafeCell with safety guaranteed
by the frame's state mutex and sequential same-thread execution.

Affects 14+ lock() call sites in hot instruction paths (LoadFast,
StoreFast, DeleteFast, and their paired variants).

* Auto-format: cargo fmt --all

---------

Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-03-01 20:53:12 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 7311b87c7b Remove PyStr::as_str, use as_wtf8/PyUtf8Str instead (#7218)
- Remove as_str() from PyStr/Py<PyStr> (was panicking on surrogates)
- Add Wtf8Concat trait and concat! macro for WTF-8 formatting
- Add impl From<&str> for &Wtf8 conversion
- Add AsPyStr/DictKey impls for PyUtf8Str types
- Migrate all call sites to as_wtf8(), to_str(), or PyUtf8Str
- Fix exception message APIs to accept Wtf8Buf
- Deduplicate inner-scope imports across modules
2026-02-27 04:20:11 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 8df1a2b05d Clear frame locals and stack on generator close + Add dir_fd support for rmdir, remove/unlink, scandir (#7222)
* Clear frame locals and stack on generator close

Add Frame::clear_locals_and_stack() to release references held by
closed generators/coroutines, matching _PyFrame_ClearLocals behavior.
Call it from Coro::close() after marking the coroutine as closed.

Update test_generators.py expectedFailure markers accordingly.

* Add dir_fd support for rmdir, remove/unlink, scandir

- rmdir: use unlinkat(fd, path, AT_REMOVEDIR) when dir_fd given
- remove/unlink: use unlinkat(fd, path, 0) when dir_fd given
- scandir: accept fd via fdopendir, add ScandirIteratorFd
- listdir: rewrite fd path to use raw readdir instead of nix::dir::Dir
- DirEntry: add d_type and dir_fd fields for fd-based scandir
- Update supports_fd/supports_dir_fd entries accordingly

* cells_free
2026-02-27 01:58:33 +09:00
Jeong, YunWon 8a74956590 more algorithm-independent GC infra (#7194)
* mark poluting tests

* GC-infra independent to EBR

* trashcan

* add overflow guard to inc(), #[must_use] on dec()/safe_inc(), trashcan debug_assert, weakref generic re-check
2026-02-22 21:31:42 +09:00